1、连词conjunctionFrom Shirley中考英语对连词考查的重点集中在以下两个方面：一是连接两个词或连接一个并列句时并列并列/转折转折/选择选择/因果因果连词的选择连词的选择，此类题型要求我们必须确切地理解句子的意义，在此基础上确定词与词之间及两个分句之间的关系，从而确定出正确的并列连词；二是对从属连词的考查侧重和从句的理解相联系，对应句子或上下文，正确把握从属连词从属连词。考点解读 概念概念 连词时用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子的词。连词是一种，在句子中不能独立作句子成分，只起连接作用。学习连词时，要掌握连词的意义、基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析。命题趋势命题趋势 主要会
2、考查表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系的连词和从属连词的基本用法啊以及部分近义连词的辨析。连词的考查可能主要分布在完形填空、语法填空中。中考分析Betty went to school on Monday.Jenny went to school on Monday.Betty and Jenny went to school on Monday.Betty went to school on Tuesday.Jenny stayed at home on Tuesday.Betty went to school but Jenny stayed at home on Tuesday.
3、连连 词词 (Conjunction)一、连词定义一、连词定义:用来用来连接连接词、短语或句子词、短语或句子的词。的词。e.g.I study English and Chinese.和和 Does he work at school or in the hospital?或者或者 I get up early,but my brother gets up late.但是但是二、二、连词分类：连词分类：并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词连词：连词：and,but,or,so,(for)连词连词词组词组:eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,bothand,(a
4、s well as)that，whether,if,unless,while/when,until,because,so that,sothat,though/although,even if,asas 等等Table ofContents并列连词的用法02易混连词04连词的分类01从属连词的用法03连词考点知识精讲连词的分类0101简单连词（由一个词构成）：and,but,or,so,before,if,while,etc.关联连词（由两个或两个以上的词构成，分为两个部分对称使用）：both.and.,either.or.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.,et
5、c.短语连词（由两个或两个以上的词构成）：as if,even though,as long as,so that,etc.1.按照形式分类2.按照功能分类根据连词在句子中所起的作用，连词又可以分为并列连词并列连词和从从属连词属连词。Id like to go but Im too busy.When the meal was finished,Rachel washed up and made coffee.We didnt enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.并列连词的用法0202并列连词所连接的两个或多个词、短语或句子都是对等或并
6、列对等或并列的关系，所以，并列连词又称对等连词。它主要用来表示并列关系、并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系转折关系、选择关系和因果关系。1.表示并列关系表示平行或对等关系，表示并列关系的常见连词有and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well as.1可以用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子Hes gone to get some fish and chips.Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class.They sang and danced all n
7、ight.2.可以用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等He is both my best friend and my neighbour.He learns not only English but also Japanese.She can neither read nor write.He is a scientist as well as a poet.Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang.and 和和 用于用于肯定句肯定句 or或者或者 用于用于否定句否定句和和疑问句疑问句I li
8、ke eating apples and bananas.I dont like eating oranges or pears.Do you like eating bananas or apples?andororFFFeatingsingtalkedand(“和，并且和，并且”)与与 or(“否则否则”)“and”连接连接平行平行结构。结构。考点：考点：1 1）判断改错：判断改错：They sat down and talk about something.They started to dance and sang.I saw two men sitting behind and at
9、e there.（1）肯定句中用）肯定句中用“and”表表“和和”；（2）否定句中用）否定句中用“or”表表“和和”。2 2）翻译：翻译：我喜欢英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。I like English _ math.I dont like English _ math.and or=Study hard,_ your math will be worse.3 3）用）用 “andand”或或“or or”填空：填空：Study hard,_ your math will be better.and or “and”意为意为“这样，那么这样，那么”；“o
10、r”意为意为“否则否则”。both.and.both.and.两个都；既.又.I am a teacher.I am a teacher.My mother is a teacher My mother is a teacher too.too.Both my mother and I are Both my mother and I are teacher.teacher.as well as=andas well as=and表示表示“也也”的意思，的意思，I like swimming and I like swimming and skiing.skiing.=I like swimm
11、ing I like swimming as well as well asas skiing.skiing.neithernorneithernor既不既不也也不不Peter doesnt like Maths.Jenny doesnt like Maths.Neither Peter nor Jenny likes Maths.I dont like Maths.I dont like PE.I like neither Maths nor PE._Rose_ Jack watched Prince Williams wedding on TV yesterday What a pity!
12、They missed the exciting moment A.Both；and B.Not only；but also CEither；or D.Neither;nornot onlybut also not onlybut also 不但不但而且而且The teacher wants to buy the book.The teacher wants to buy the book.The students want to buy the book.The students want to buy the book.Not only Not only the teacher the t
13、eacher but also but also the students the students want to buy the book.want to buy the book.and and 和和 用于用于肯定句肯定句oror 或者或者 用于用于否定句否定句和和疑问句疑问句both.and.both.and.两个都；既两个都；既.又又.as well as=and as well as=and 表示表示“也也”的意思，的意思，neithernorneithernor既不既不也不也不not onlybut also not onlybut also 不但不但而且而且高频考点both.a
14、nd.连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。neither.nor.和not only.but also.用于连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。as well as用于连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与as well as前面的主语保持一致。Both my father and my mother teachers.Not only he but also I good at English.Neither he nor I a doctor.Jane as well as her parents taking a holiday in China.not on
15、ly.but also.连接两个并列分句时，若若not not onlyonly置于句首置于句首，not only后的分句要用部分倒装部分倒装，but also 后的分句不倒装。Not only is she clever,but also she is kind-hearted.Not only cancan the art bring happiness to others,but it also shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.Neither Peter
16、 nor Jenny likes Maths.Neither I nor she has seen the movie.Neither you nor I am students of that school.【连接主语连接主语 时，时，谓语谓语“就近原则就近原则”】either A or B “或者或者A或者或者B”neither A nor B “既不既不A也不也不B”not only A but also B “不仅不仅A而且而且B”-连词词组连词词组：Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither
17、 I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）（不但你而且他也讲法语。）【连接主语连接主语 时，谓语时，谓语“就近原就近原则则”】amhasspeaks考点考点2表示转折关系but但是however，yet然而while然而while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比She does not speak our language and she seems to understand what she say.He is a doctor I
18、am a teacher.He worked hard,he failed.yet3表示选择关系or或者；否则（用于连接两个或两个以上的并列成分）either.or.或者或者在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用都有否定词，用andand而不用而不用oror连接连接。When you are learning English，use it，or you will lose it./Would you like a coffee or something?The shoes dont fit me.Theyre either big or small./
19、Either you or she is wrong.(就近原则)Sonia never cleans or even offers to wash the dishes./It has no eyes and no ears.4表示因果推理关系for因为，此时它引导的从句只能位于句尾，前面用逗号隔开。We must start early,it will take two hours to drive to the airport.2.转折/3.选择/4.因果 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever：e.g.(他努力工作，但以失败告终。他努力工作，但以失败告终
20、。)He worked hard,_ he failed at last.He worked hard,_ he failed at last.He worked hard._,he failed at last.He worked hard._,he failed at last.区别区别:but but 后后没有逗号，直接连接分句；没有逗号，直接连接分句；howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔，可放句末。有逗号相隔，可放句末。butHowever考点考点：选择连词选择连词:1.or否则否则,2.eitheror或者或者或者或者I must work hard,or Ill fail
21、in the exam.One of you is a doctor.Either you or she(he)is a doctor.(谓语动词临近原则）谓语动词临近原则）-Which would you like,tea or coffee?-Either _Ok,but I prefer coffee_milk.is,has B.are,with C.is,with D.are,hasso 所以He wanted to learn more,_ he went abroad to study.She didnt like eating KFC,_she went to McDonalds
22、.sosobecause 因为I did it _ they asked me to do it.我做这事是因为他们请我做啊！我做这事是因为他们请我做啊！because高频考点“祈使句+and+简单句”其中祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件状语从句，并列连词and引导的简单句常用一般将来时。Go at once,you will see her.=If you go at once,you will see her.“祈使句+or+简单句”其中祈使句相当于一个否定的条件状语从句，并列连词or引导的简单句常用一般将来时。Put on your overcoat,or you will catch a c
23、old.=If you dont put on your overcoat,you will catch a cold.（）Look!There lots of traffic in this city.we should be careful when we cross the streets.A.is,But B.are,ButC.is,So D.are,Or 1.We bought Granny a present,1.We bought Granny a present,she didnt she didnt like it.like it.A.but B.and C.or D.so
24、A.but B.and C.or D.so 答案答案 A.A.析析 由于句意的原因，应选择转折连词。由于句意的原因，应选择转折连词。2.Run quickly,2.Run quickly,well miss the early train.well miss the early train.A.and B.but C.so D.or A.and B.but C.so D.or 答案答案 D.D.析析 or or这里应译为：否则。这里应译为：否则。3.-Which would you like better,tea 3.-Which would you like better,tea milk?
25、milk?-Tea,please.-Tea,please.A.but B.and C.or D.with A.but B.and C.or D.with 答案答案 C.C.析析 在疑问句与否定句中应用在疑问句与否定句中应用oror来表示一种选择。来表示一种选择。Why cant the boy understand what the American teacher said?Because he is a beginner,_he knows _English.A.and;a little B.and;little C./;little D.so;a little从属连词的用法0303从属连
26、词通常引导一个从句。可以分为引导名词性从句名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句状语从句的从属连词。1.引导名词性从句从属连词引导的名词性从句主要有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。初中阶段主要学习的是宾语从句。u引导宾语从句宾语从句的从属连词主要有：在句中不作任何成分的连词that（无具体意义），if（是否），whether（是否，可与or not连用）。在ask，wonder，not know,want to know，not be sure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。The foreigner asked me I could speak English.S
27、he said he would come.I wondershe is ill.I dont know she arrived yesterday.I like to follow the story and see happens next.u引导名词性从句的连接词还有：引导名词性从句的连接词还有：在从句中充当主语或宾语成分的连接代词what,who/whom,which等和在从句中充当状语成分的连接副词when,where,why等。whether/if(whether/if(是否是否)if)if 能引导宾语从句能引导宾语从句Please tell me Please tell me w
28、hetherwhether it is true or not.it is true or not.请告诉我这是否是正确的。请告诉我这是否是正确的。I havent decided I havent decided whether/ifwhether/if Ill go with you.Ill go with you.我还没有决定是否跟你走。我还没有决定是否跟你走。2.引导状语从句状语从句共有九类，这些状语从句各有从属连词作引导词。1引导的主要有when，while，as，whenever,after，before，until/till，since，as soon as,once等。the
29、family came here from Russia,they were penniless.The phone rang I was having dinner.You must close all the doors and windows you leave the laboratory.I have made quite a few friendsI came here.I arrived at the airport the plane had taken off.since afteras soon as as soon as 一一就就Ill tell him the news
30、 Ill tell him the news as soon as as soon as I see him.I see him.我一看到他就会告诉他这个消息。我一看到他就会告诉他这个消息。考点考点 我会一直我会一直工作到工作到你回来。你回来。I will work till you come back.notuntil/till 直到直到才才till 直到直到为止为止翻译：翻译：我会我会到到你回来时你回来时才才睡觉。睡觉。I wont go to bed until/till you come back.考点考点 我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。My father
31、 _ come back until we had supper.notuntil/till 直到直到才才till 直到直到为止为止翻译：翻译：他直到他直到3岁才会讲话。岁才会讲话。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt since 自从自从 It has been three years _ we met in 1988.自从自从1988年我们见面后，这又过了三年了。年我们见面后，这又过了三年了。since引
32、导条件状语从句的主要有if（如果），unless（除非/如果不），as long as（只要）等。当从句中需用一般将来时的时候，总是用一般现在时去代替。The sports meeting will continuet rains this afternoon.Everything is possible prepare carefully.引导原因状语从句的主要有because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）等。More and more kids become unhappy they have too many activities to do.（不可加so）it is so
33、hot,lets go swimming.it was getting dark,we soon turned back.引导目的状语从句的主要有so that（为了.），in order that（为了.）等。She worked hard everything would be ready in time.We all get up earlyWe might start at seven.2.引导条件状语从句3.引导原因状语从句4.引导目的状语从句 If&Unless(if not)If&Unless(if not)If If it rains tomorrow,I will not g
34、o out.it rains tomorrow,I will not go out.如果明天下雨，我就不出去了。如果明天下雨，我就不出去了。You will never learn English well You will never learn English well unlessunless you you pay great efforts.pay great efforts.你永远都学不好英语除非你努力去学了。你永远都学不好英语除非你努力去学了。-David,turn off the TV_ no one is watching it.-But it _off already!Th
35、e music is from the radio.A.So that,has been turned B.When,has turnedC.If,has been turnedD.Because,has turned引导让步状语从句的主要有even if/even though（即使），although/though（虽然/尽管）等。but和although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although 比though更正式。The story is hard to understand there are no new words in it.in poor health,she
36、 continued to carry out her duties.He will come on time it rains.引导结果状语从句的主要有so/so that（结果.），so.that./such.that.（如此.以至于.）等。The mountain was steepfew people in our city reached the top.One year,the weather was dry no food would grow.引导地点状语从句的主要有where（在.地方），wherever（无论何处）等。Ill meet him I first met you
37、.Well go you like.5.引导让步状语从句6.引导结果状语从句7.引导地点状语从句Though/Although Though/Although 尽管尽管Though/Although Though/Although he is only 6 years old,he he is only 6 years old,he can cook himself.can cook himself.尽管他才六岁，他就会自己做饭了。尽管他才六岁，他就会自己做饭了。MrLee_to a student when I entered the classroom this morningHe is
38、very patient_he is young A.talking；but Btalks：though Cwas talking；thoughDtalked；however观察句子观察句子：（1）Although he is over sixty,but he works as hard as others.改为：改为：Although he is over sixty,he works as hard as others.或或 He is over sixty,but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill,so I took
39、 him to the doctor.”*although/though although/though 和和butbut这两个关联词不能同时用。这两个关联词不能同时用。?同样，此句错误，同样，此句错误，because because 和和 soso 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点：考点：so/such thatso/such that 太太以至于以至于She was She was so so beautifulbeautiful that that everyone looked at everyone looked at her.her.JennyJenny太漂亮了
40、，以至于所有人都看着她。太漂亮了，以至于所有人都看着她。She is She is suchsuch a kind teacher a kind teacher thatthat students like students like her very much.her very much.她是个好老师，所以她的学生都非常喜欢她。她是个好老师，所以她的学生都非常喜欢她。so+so+形容词形容词 +that+thatsuch+such+名词或名词短语名词或名词短语+that+thatIm _ tired that I cant walk any farther.Im _ tired that I
41、 cant walk any farther.It was _ a warm day that he went It was _ a warm day that he went swimming.swimming.sosuchHe took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A.because B.so that C.whenB考点考点 他起早是他起早是为了为了赶上早班车。赶上早班车。(表目的表目的)He got up early so that he could catch the early bus
42、.He got up early so that he caught the early bus.他起早，他起早，结果结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）赶上了早班车。（表结果）He got up so early that he caught the early bus.sothatso that：为了为了;所以，结果所以，结果如此如此以致以致8.引导比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的主要有than（比.更.），as.as.（和.一样.），not as/so.as.（不如.）等，在as(so).as中，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。Do you think that art is interest
43、ing music?Natalie was prettier her sister.He does earn much I do.9.引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的主要有as（正如.），as if/as though（好像）等。you can see,in some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different.易混清单0404when，while，as三者均可译为“在时候”。引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生
44、；引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；表示随着短暂动作短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生伴随发生。He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning.当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车上学。Youd better turn off the water you brush your teeth.当你刷牙的时候你最好关掉水。She sang she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。1.when，while，as when,while,as when,while
45、,as，(1).when(1).when 在在-时刻或时期，可指时间点或时间段，时刻或时期，可指时间点或时间段，从句动词是终止或持续动词。从句动词是终止或持续动词。WhenWhen I got home,he was having supper.I got home,he was having supper.当我回到家，他正在吃饭。当我回到家，他正在吃饭。WhenWhen I was young,I liked dancing.I was young,I liked dancing.当我年轻的时候，我喜欢跳舞。当我年轻的时候，我喜欢跳舞。(2).while(2).while+时间段，不是时间点
46、，从句的动词只限时间段，不是时间点，从句的动词只限于于持续动词持续动词(stand,sleep,sit,keep).(stand,sleep,sit,keep).Mother was cooking Mother was cooking she she a knock a knock at the door.at the door.A.A.when,listen to B.while,listened towhen,listen to B.while,listened toC.while,heard D.when,heard C.while,heard D.when,heard 答案答案 D.
47、D.when when在这里应译为：就在那时，那一刻，那一瞬间。在这里应译为：就在那时，那一刻，那一瞬间。WhileWhile I slept,a thief broke in.I slept,a thief broke in.Mr.White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street.A.where B.while C.when D.whetherCWhile Mr.White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.考点考点“when”和和“while”when引导的状语从
48、句的动作引导的状语从句的动作多为多为终止性动词终止性动词，也为也为可持续动词可持续动词；但；但while只能只能是是可持续动词可持续动词。含义比较多,A)A)引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句。(1)用“as soon as”结构,意思是“一就”。例如:Please e-mail me you get there.请你一到那里就给我发电子邮件。Ill tell him the news he comes back.他一回来我就把这个消息告诉他。(2)作“与同时、一边一边、当的时候”讲时,强调主从句的动作同时发生,而从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。例如:He read the letter he
49、 walked along the river.他一边沿着河边走,一边读信。I waited at the stop,I heard a big noise.我在车站候车的时候,听到了一声巨响。B)B)引导比较状语从句。引导比较状语从句。用于“as.as”结构中,第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。否定句用not as/so.as结构。例如:He sings his brother.他唱歌和哥哥一样好。Canoeing is sailing.划独木舟没有航海有趣。C)C)引导原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句。表示明显的原因,意思是“由于、鉴于”。例如:We all like her she is
50、 kind.我们都喜欢她,因为她善良。youre tired,youd better have a rest.因为你疲劳,你最好休息一下。asD)D)引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。作“虽然、尽管”讲时,相当于though,但是没有as常用。例如:they were tired,they still walked on.尽管很累,他们还是继续走。(=Tired as/though they were,they still walked on.)I like it,I will not buy it.虽然我喜欢这个东西,但是我不想买。E)E)引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句,意为意为“按照、
