1、主谓一致.英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：语义一致 He has an apple.Eating apples is good for our health.Neither you nor he likes apples.语法一致 就近一致主谓一致的定义CONTENTS语义一致原则语法一致原则就近原则123Part 01语义一致原则语义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。语义一致原则有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。eg.The news was very excit
2、ing.有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；eg.The family here are very friendly to us.01 语义一致原则谓语动词用单数还是复数，要根据主语所表达的概念1.形复意单表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格的复数名词，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。eg.Two years is a long time.Eight dollars is enough.1.A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health
3、.Ashow;are Bshows;is Cshow;is Dshows;are2.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A.are B.is C.has D.have3.Six times seven _ forty-two.A.are B.is C.have D.wasExercise01 语义一致原则谓语动词用单数还是复数，要根据主语所表达的概念1.形复意单主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名、地名、学科等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。eg.No news is good news.Physics is my favorite subject.
4、newsArabian Nights the New Timesthe United Statesmathematicsplastics politicsPhysics没有复数的单词couplefurnitureadvice1.Mathematics_the language of science.Aare Bare going to be CIs Dis to be2.The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers.A.is being B.are C.were D.is3.The United States _ founded in 17
5、76.A.was B.is C.were D.areExercise01 语义一致原则谓语动词用单数还是复数，要根据主语所表达的概念2.形单意复police，people，cattle，faculty，flock，machinery等作主语，谓语用复数。eg.The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.1.Cattle_well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.Asell Bsells Cis
6、 being sold Dwill be sold2.The police_asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with_.A.has;them Bhas;him Chave;him Dhave;themExercise01 语义一致原则3.由集体名词,如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew、population,等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式
7、.His family is very large.他家是一个大家庭。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。01 语义一致原则如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式.The group _ made up of five students.The group_ dancing happily.isareThe team _ some good players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)arehas 1.What (do,does)the group want for their lunc
8、h?2.Our family (is,are)not poor any more.3.He has to worry.His family (is,are)waiting for him.4.The class (is,are)more than forty in number.doisareis5.The class (have,has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.haveExercise1.The crew _ made up of accomplished sailors
9、and thus _ highly paid to do the work on the ship.Awere;were Bwas;were Cwere;was Dwas;was2.He said that his family _ all very well.A.are B.were C.is D.was 3.The population of the city _ increasing fast.A.were B.be C.is D.are4.The United States _ made up of 50 states,one of which _Kentucky.A.is /are
10、B.is/is C.are/is D.are/areExerciseExercise5.Jacks family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was6.Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A.was B.were C.is D.are7.The police _ the black in winter.A.wears B.wear C.put on D.puts on主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民
11、族”解时，有单复数之分。(police,cattle,public)Our people is a great one.There are 56 peoples in China.youth作“青年们”解作主语时，谓语用复数。The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology.01 语义一致原则4.表示两个相同部分连成一体的复数名词，如trousers，scissors，shoes，gloves，shorts，glasses,clothes等作主语时，前面若无a kind of
12、/a pair of/a series of等单位词修饰时，谓语用复数，若带有单位词，谓语由单位词的单复数决定。eg.My trousers are new.The scissors are sharp.This pair of glasses is nice.Two pairs of gloves are quite enough.1.The trousers_you well.But the colour_me.Afit;suit Bfit;doesnt suit Cfits;doesnt suit Dfit;dont suit2.This pair of shoes _ made in
13、our factory.A.is B.are C.have been D.had beenExercise01 语义一致原则5.不定代词all，most,some，half,any,none以及the rest等作主语，谓语的单复数应根据上下文或具体场合确定。Most of the apples are rotten.Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.1.One and a half apples _ on the table.A.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left2.One or perhaps more pa
14、ges _ missing.A.is B.are C.has been D.have beenExercise6.“分数/百分数of名词”构成短语，或“some/a lot of/lots of/a(large)quantity of/the rest of/plenty of”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。这些短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词保持数的一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Twenty percent of the students in the classroom are girls.01 语义一致原则 即分数或
15、百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数 分数或百分数+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.1.Large amounts of water _ been pumped from the mine where an explosion happened yesterday.Ahad Bwould have Chas Dhave2.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _used regularly.Now
16、we have 60 working all day long.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere3.Mr.Smith，I cant go on with my reading.Ive already told you the last three parts of the article _ the most difficult to understand.Ais Bare Chad been Dwere4.One third of the population here _ workers.A.is B.have C.be D.are5.About 20 percent of the
17、work _ done yesterday.A.are B.is C.were D.wasExercise7.a lot of,plenty of,the rest of;half of;most of;part of;majority of;在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。01 语义一致原则The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All of your answers are correct
18、.Half of the students _finished their composition.Half of the apple _bad.About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys.haveisare1.Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been2.Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A.is B.have C.was D.were3.It is not I who _ wrong.A.is
19、 B.are C.am D.has beenExercise7.theadj,01 语义一致原则theadj,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old,the young,the rich,the poor等the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful,the good等The old _ taken good care of in our society.The wounded _ a young boy.The new _ sure to replace the old.arewasis1.When the injured _to the
20、hospital，they came to_.Awas rushed;life Bwere rushed;life Crushed;lives Dwere rushed;lives2.The rich often _the poor when they need.Ahelp Bhelps Chelping DhelpedExercise8.“a number of名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of名词复数”作主语，主语是number,谓语用单数。01 语义一致原则A number of new books are on the desk.The number of st
21、udents in you class is 50.1.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident_to 95，the news agency reports.A.has increased B.have increased C.has been increased D.have been increased2._ children whose parents had died in the earthquake _ sent to live with families in other cities.AA great number of
22、;was BA great number of;were CThe great number of;was DThe great number of;were3.A number of students _ from the south.A.are B.is C.have D.has4.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team.A.are B.is C.were D.beExercise9.有些以sh，ese，ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时，表示复数含义，谓语用复数。表示单数含义，谓语用单数。
23、01 语义一致原则eg.The Chinese are great.The Chinese people is a hard-working people.中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。Look！The German_coming this way.He is studying here.Aare Bis Chas Dhave10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。01 语义一致原则Not every means is useful.不是每种方法都好使。Not
24、 all means are useful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。01 语义一致原则A knife and fork is on the table.Whisky and soda is his favorite drink.12.主语是“a series of，a kind of等名词”结构时，谓语动词用单数。“kinds of等
25、名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：在“this kind of名词”之后，无论名词单复，谓语都用单数。01 语义一致原则This kind of cloth feels soft.There are different kinds of animals.1.So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision.Ahave Bhas Chas been Dhave been2.Many kinds of furniture_being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.Ais Bare
26、CHaving Dwas3.Machines of the new type_made in Shanghai.Ais Bare Chas been Dhave beenExercisePart 02语法一致原则02 语法一致原则Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。1.动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Whether well go depends on the weather.我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。1.To play basket
27、ball and to go swimming_good for character training.Awas Bis Care Dwere2.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _also true of the Whites.Aare Bis Cbeing Dto be 3.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _yet.Aare not decided Bhave not been decided Cis not being decided Dhas not been decid
28、edExercise2.what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语的单复数取决于表语的单复数。What I need is money.02 语法一致原则What I need are books.What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment.Ais;are Bare;is Cwas;were Dwere;was02 语法一致原则3.and或bothand连接两主语表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数，此时and后面的名词有冠词。一
29、头一冠The worker and the writer _(be)from Beijing.那位工人和那位作家 are如果and连接的两个名词指同一个人或表示同一概念时，谓语用单数。此时and后面的名词无冠词The worker and writer _(be)from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家 isThe singer and dancer _(be)on the stage.is1.Both the secretary and the manager_ agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 2.Both rice an
30、d wheat _ grown in that country.A.is B.are C.was D.has 3.The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A.is B.are C.has been D.were4.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A.is B.are C.was D.wereExercise02 语法一致原则4.当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each，every，more than one，many a，no修饰时，谓语用单数。Ever
31、y desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake.1.A poet and artist_coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere2.More than one person here _ with the disease
32、.A.has been infected B.have been infected C.has been infecting D.have been infecting3.Many a man_ the novel.A.has read B.have read C.is read D.are readExercise02 语法一致原则5.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;Someone is askin
33、g for you.有人找你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。Something _(has/have)gone wrong with my watch.Anybody who_(break/breaks)the rule will be punished.hasbreaks复不定是单三1.“All_present and all_going on well”，our monitor said.Ais;is Bare;are Care;is Dis;are2.Half of us were out to look for him，and the
34、rest_staying at home waiting for his call.Awas Bis Cwere DareExercise02 语法一致原则6.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中and连接 的单数名词,整个短语 在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard
35、.听不到任何声音。1.During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A.are B.were C.was D.has2.No teacher and no student _ admitted in here.A.are B.were C.is D.hasExercise02 语法一致原则1.Neither dog _ big.2.Neither of them _ big.3.Neither rabbit _ handsome.4.Neither of the rabbits _ handsome.A.is B.are7.代词作主语AA
36、/BAA/B02 语法一致原则7.代词作主语neither ofnone of不可数名词+可数名词neither+单数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数1.None of these people _ doctors.A.has B.have C.are D.was2.Neither of them _ a good singer.A.was B.is C.were D.is used to beExercise02 语法一致原则8each of，neither of，either of，one of，any(one)of，every one of等作主语时，谓语用单数。E
37、ach of them has his own duty.Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.So do I.Ahope Bhopes Choping Dhoped02 语法一致原则9主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including,no less than，as much as,in addition to等短语，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。“主语+附属
38、结构”作主语，谓语与主语一致就远原则The teacher with two students _ at the meeting.(was/were)E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play wasA1.Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2.A woman w
39、ith some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3.Everything,including the clothes,_ stolen that evening.A.is B.was C.are D.were4.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5.I,rather than you,_ responsible for the accident.A.am B.are C.has D.have Exercise
40、6.Dr.Johnson，together with his assistants，is coming to visit our school.Oh,_？Aare they Bis he Cdoes he Ddo they7.John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the center.Ahave;is being taken Bhave;has taken Chas;is taken Dhas;have been taken8.Professor Smith，along with his as
41、sistants，_on the project day and night to meet the deadline.Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working9.The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.Awas Bwere Chad been Dwould be10.All the workers except Jack_to work at home.Aallow Ballows Care allowe
42、d Dis allowedExercise02 语法一致原则10.定语从句的谓语的单复数应取决于先行词。Mary is a girl who has a long hair.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Mary gave me some books which are very valuable.Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom,who is your friend,should help you.1.It is not I who _ wrong.A.is B.are C.am D
43、.has been2.He,who _ your good friend,will share your joys and sorrows.A.was B.are C.is D.amExercise02 语法一致原则注意.one of+复数名词+（单）谓语 One of the students is from the south.one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数）He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.the(only)one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，one of名词复数”之前有the only，the ve
44、ry，the last修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数表示众多中只有一个，如：He is the only one of the students who comes early.02 语法一致原则one and a half修饰名词复数作主语，谓语用单数，主语是“one or two复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。One and a half bananas is left on the table.There are one or two things I want to know about.1.One and a half bananas_left on the table.Ais Ba
45、re Chas Dhave2.One and a half apples _ on the table.A.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left3.One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A.is B.are C.has been D.have beenExercise02 语法一致原则11.在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语，则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。It is Mary who always helps me study maths after class.Part 03就 近 原 则0
46、3 就近原则1.由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词单复数与最邻近的主语一致：Either you or he is to blame.A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B Verb1.Playing football not only _ us grow up tall and strong but also _ us a sense of fair play and team spirit.A.make
47、;give B.makes;gives C.makes;give D.make;gives2.Neither Liu Xiang nor his parents and coach_he can become such a world famous athlete.A.have expected B.are expected C.has expected D.is expected3.Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam DbeExercise4.Nobody but
48、 Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A.has been Bwere CwasDhave been5.Either the dean(系主任)or the principal（校长）_ the meeting.A.have attended B.attend C.are attending D.attends 6.One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam DbeExercise03 就近原则2.存在句:There be.结构Here There+Verb A and B A,B
49、and CThere is a pen and two apples on the desk.Here comes the bus.1.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you.A.is B.are C.have D.has2.There_two bowls of rice on the table.A.is B.have C.has D.are 3.There_anything new in todays newspaper.A.is B.isnt C.are D.arent 4.There_some milk,some eggs and a few apples
50、 on the table.A.is B.are C.have D.has5.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.hasExerciseExercise1.Do the students learn any foreign languages in your school?Yes，more than one_taught in this school.Alanguage is Blanguage are Clanguage be Dlanguages are2.The family_ a visit_some of t
