1、 中考专项中考专项 阅读理解阅读理解事实细节型事实细节型主旨大意型主旨大意型词义猜测型词义猜测型推理判断型推理判断型命题类型命题类型 提问的特殊疑问词常有提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,how often,how long 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。解题方法：解题方法：圈定选圈定选圈关键词，回原文定位，选答案圈关键词，回原文定位，选答案 Deserts can be hot and dry places.Rain may n
2、ot fall there for months or years.Some deserts are sandy and stony(多石的多石的).典型真题典型真题-2021 天津中考节选天津中考节选Question:Which of the following can best describe deserts?A.Hot and dry.B.Sandy and rainy.C.Wet and stony.D.Windy and snowy.Save energy and water!On a fine and clear day,hang things outide to dry!Thi
3、s saves energy that would have been used on the dryer(烘干机烘干机).If you can,try cycling,walking,or using public transport to get out and about,instead of using the car.Turn the taps(水龙头水龙头)off while brushing your teeth,and take short showers of four minutes or less!典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选Questio
4、n:To save energy or water,youd better _.A.dry things in the sun B.drive a car to workC.take long showersD.brush teeth with water running典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选As for noodles themselves,they were invented more than 2,000 years ago to become aworldwide staple（主食）（主食）.典型真题典型真题-2021 辽宁抚顺中考节选辽宁抚顺中
5、考节选According to the passage,noodles have a history of more than _ years.A.55 B.100 C.1,958 D.2,000Question:My name is Ryan and last summer my family and I went to an island for our summer vacation.There were so many fun and interesting things to do on the island,but my favorite was fishing.典型真题典型真题-
6、2021 浙江杭州中考节选浙江杭州中考节选1.What did Ryan like doing best?A.Boating.B.Fishing.C.Swimming.D.Reading.Question:主旨大意题主旨大意题 （做题要领）（做题要领）干扰性选项特点：干扰性选项特点：1.1.干扰项可能属文中干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节。2.2.干扰项可能属从文中某些干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事 实或细节实或细节片面推出片面推出的错误结论。的错误结论。3.3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断主观臆断。正确答案特点：正确答案特点：是
7、根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题常见提问方式主旨大意题常见提问方式1.What is the best title of the passage?2.The passage is mainly about_.3.From the passage,we can learn that_.4.Whats the main idea of this passage?5.What does the passage mainly tell us?6.What does the pas
8、sage mainly discuss?同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连常在词或短语之间有并列连词词andand或或oror，它们连接的两项内容在含义它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold,give and receive等，等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以
9、解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine.They are very energetic-some are more like gymnastics than dancing!Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down.They often jump over swords（剑）（剑）.典型真题典型真题-2021
10、 浙江杭州中考节选浙江杭州中考节选What does the underlined word“gymnastics”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A play.B.A sport.C.A celebration.D.A show.Question:Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously(非非常常).During the daytime,the temperature may reach 40 even in the shade(阴凉处阴凉处).At night,deserts can become very cold.
11、In winter there may even be a frost(霜冻霜冻)in the early morning.典型真题典型真题-2021 天津中考节选天津中考节选The word“vary”in the passage means“_”.A.be low B.be highC.be similarD.be differentQuestion:The first and most important reason is that their service is fast.Their staff(员工员工)are friendly and very smart-looking in
12、 their clean and bright uniforms(制服制服).Moreover,most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by.It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选Which word can replace the word“grab”in Paragraph 3?A.move suddenly B.get quicklyC.throw quick
13、ly D.carry carefullyQuestion:Be friendly to wildlife!Make your garden wildlife-friendly!You could build a bee hotel,or even create a pool.If you own a cat that goes outdoors,put a bell around its neck so that vulnerable wildlife can hear it coming and make their escape!典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选
14、What does the underlined word“vulnerable”mean in Chinese?A.野生的野生的B.家养的家养的C.强壮的强壮的D.弱小的弱小的Question:着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。等综合能力。推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领）（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章文章隐含意思隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从力求从作者的角度作者的角度去考虑，去考虑，不要固守
15、自己的看法或观点。不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断题常见提问方式推理判断题常见提问方式1.From the passage,we know.2.The writer suggests that.3.The writer probably agrees that.4.Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage?5.It can be inferred from the passage that.？Here at Nature Loving Kids,we know how much you want to make a positive(积
16、极的积极的)difference to our world!So,read on to find out how to protect our earth典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选典型真题典型真题-2021 山东德州中考节选山东德州中考节选The purpose of the passage is to _.A.help the kids learn EnglishB.help people learn more about kidsC.teach kids how to keep animalsD.tell the kids how to protect t
17、he earthQuestion:Few people know that instant noodles play an important role in hunger and disaster（灾害）（灾害）relief.Its well-known that they are regarded as junk food,but they are a real“hunger killer”.典型真题典型真题-2021 辽宁抚顺中考节选辽宁抚顺中考节选Which of the following is TRUE?A.Every person eats at least 14 cups of instant noodles every year.B.As a healthy staple,instant noodles are popular around the world.C.Ramen was another name of mianpian in Japanese 2,000 years ago.D.People in disaster areas may get instant noodles from food aid groups.Question:典型真题典型真题-2021 辽宁抚顺中考节选辽宁抚顺中考节选
