1、主谓一致1.主谓一致的含义：主谓一致：谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。2.主谓一致三原则：语法一致（单则单，复则复）意义一致（概念一致）就近一致（就近原则）语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Tom _(be)a good student.They often _(play)football on the playground.意义一致原则：指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语
2、动词用单数形式。My family _(is,are)having lunch now.Maths _(is,are)difficult for me.就近一致原则：指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Not only the teacher but also his students _(like)playing football.There _(be)a pen and some books on the desk.突破考点：一名词作主语：二连接词连接的名词作主语:三代词作主语：四分数和量词作主语：五名词化的形容词作主语：六从句，动词不定式
3、，动名词作主语：一名词作主语：1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk _(be)Toms.Some water_(be)in the bottle.The students _(be)playing football on the playground.2.某些集体名词，如family,team,club，class，public，group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。His family _(be)a happy one.The whole family _(b
4、e)watching TV.3.某些集体名词，如people,police,clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。The police _(be)searching for the thief.Chinese people _(be)hard-working.Ellens clothes_(be)out of fashion.4.单、复数同形的名词如 sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese 主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep _ (be)over there.Some sheep _(be)over there.5.名词所有格后的名词
5、被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时动词一般用单数。The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the bakers（面包房）,the barbers（理发店）,the Zhangs（张家）等。注:the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。The Greens _(is,are)having breakfast now.6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。The pants _(is,are)min
6、e.My glasses _(is,are)on the table.但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes_(were,was)under the desk.Two pairs of shoes_(were,was)under the desk.7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States _（is,are)in North America.8news，maths，physics，politics等词貌似复数，
7、实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.No news _(is,are)good news.Maths _(is,are)very popular in our class.二连接词连接的名词作主语:1 用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。Walking and riding are good exercises.注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。这种情况常有两种结构形式：a/the+n+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+n+and+a/the+n，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher
8、is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Each boy and each girl has got a seat.Every man and every woman is at work.2当主语后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,together with,but,except,besides,including,等引导的词组时
9、，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。判断画线部分对错：(1)The teacher as well as the students were reading in the library.()(2)The woman with two children are my aunt.()(3)Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football.()(4)The students,including their teacher,is going to meet the brave man.()(5)Nobody except Mr.Li and Mrs.Li
10、 likes sports.()(6)Mr.Li besides his sons like sports.()3以 eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。Either you or he _(is,are)to go.Not one but all of us _(is,are)hoping to be there.4.There be 结构，依据就近一致的原则。There_(be)a book,two pens on the desk.There _(be)two pens,
11、a book in the desk.三代词作主语：1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(Our Party)_(is,are)a great party.Your shoes are black,and mine _(is,are)brown.2疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Who_(is,are)your brother?Who _(is,are)League members?3不定代词somebody,someone,something,any
12、body,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,either,neither,each,the other,another作主语，谓语动词用单数。(1)Nobody was in.(2)Is everyone here today.(3)Something is wrong with him.(4)None of them has/have seen the film.(5)Either of the boys is ready.(6)Neither of these words is correct.（7)E
13、ach of the pens costs three dollars.四分数和量词作主语：1由“a lot of,lots of，plenty of,all of,most of,some of,half of,(a)part of,rest of”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致.（1）All of the food _(is,are)ready.All of the workers _(is,are)working.(2)Part of the work_(is,are)been done by us。Part of the students _(hav
14、e,has)gone.2表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half bananas _(is,are)left on the table.3表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。(1)Two months is a long holiday.(2)Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.(3)Ten miles isnt a long distance.(4)Five minus four is one.
15、(5)The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.4分数(百分数)+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。Ten percent of the apples _(was,were)bad.注意:population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。The population of China_(be)1.36 billion and 70%of the population _(be)peasants 5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形
16、式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。The number of the teachers in No.2 Middle School _(be)over 100.A number of them _ (be)young.五名词化的形容词作主语：如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb.The rich often _(help,helps)the poor.六从
17、句，动词不定式，动名词作主语：1由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need _(is,are)more time.What we need _(is,are)doctors.2动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see _(is,are)to believeDoing eye exercises _(is,are)good for your eyes.主谓一致练习题1Each of the students _ a dictionary.A.have B.is C.are D.has 2How
18、time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 3.Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone4Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a numb
19、er of deer D.is a number of deers5The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters.because it is faster.A.prefer,to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write6Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.A.was B.is C.are D.were7.Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A.were
20、 B.is C.are D.was8.The Olympic Games _ held every_years.A.is，four B.are，four C.is，five D.are，five9.Look,here come some _.A.dog B.horse C.deer D.cow10.Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A.is B.was C.are D.were11.About 60 percent of the students _ from the south;the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A.are;is B.is;is C.is;are D.are;are12.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A.is B.was C.are D.were 13.You as well _ right.A I am B I are C as I am D as I are14.All but my mother _ with the idea.A.agree B agrees Thank you for listening!
