1、句子成分与句子句子成分与句子知识点知识点3 3：there be there be 句型句型 中考英语清单中考英语清单 主要用以表达“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”1234there be句型句型肯定式肯定式There be+There be+主语主语+地点地点/时间状语时间状语There is a boy beside the tree.树旁边有个男孩。There are forty students in the classroom.教室里有40个学生(1)如果 there be 之后是并列的主语,按就近原则确定 be 的单复数形式。There is a book,three penci
2、ls and some erasers on the desk.课桌上有一本书、三支铅笔和一些橡皮。There are two boys and a teacher in the room.房间里有两个男孩和一位老师5(2)there be(2)there be 表示表示“某地或某时存在某人或某物某地或某时存在某人或某物”,”,而而 have have 则表示则表示“某人或某地方拥有某物某人或某地方拥有某物”,”,表示表示“所所有、拥有、拥有关系有关系”。例：例：There are fourteen books in her schoolbagThere are fourteen books
3、in her schoolbag.她书包里有她书包里有1414本书。本书。(只表示存在只表示存在)She has fourteen books.(She has fourteen books.(表示拥有表示拥有)温馨提示温馨提示若是部分与整体的关系,有时用两种表达方式都可以。A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。2.2.否定式：否定式：There be not+There be not+主语主语+其他其他 There isnt any meat in the fridge.There isnt any meat
4、in the fridge.冰箱里没有肉了。冰箱里没有肉了。There arent any pens in the shop.There arent any pens in the shop.商店里没有钢笔。商店里没有钢笔。3.3.一般疑问句结构及其答语一般疑问句结构及其答语 -Is/Are+there+-Is/Are+there+主语主语+其他其他?-Yes,there is/are.-Yes,there is/are.-No,there isnt/arent.-No,there isnt/arent.例：例：1.-Is there a bird in the tree?1.-Is ther
5、e a bird in the tree?树上有鸟吗树上有鸟吗?-Yes,there is.,there isnt.-Yes,there is.,there isnt.是的是的,有。有。/不不,没有。没有。2.-Are there any students in the classroom?2.-Are there any students in the classroom?教室里有学生吗教室里有学生吗?-Yes,there are.,there arent.-Yes,there are.,there arent.是的是的,有。有。/不不,没有。没有。4.特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+be+th
6、ere+其他?例：-How many students are there in your school?-你们学校有多少学生?-There are 2.000.-有两千。温馨提示 当主语是人时,用Whos+介词短语?”;当主语是物时，用Whats+介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数。对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式。回答时却要根据实际情况来定。-Whats in the tree?-树上有什么?-There is a bird in the tree,-树上有只鸟。-Whats over there?-那儿是什么?-There are some bik
7、es over there.那儿有一些自行车。There is going to be a football game tomorrow.There is going to be a football game tomorrow.明天将有一场足球赛。明天将有一场足球赛。There will be a concert on Saturday.There will be a concert on Saturday.周六将有一场音乐会。周六将有一场音乐会。5.5.一般将来时结构一般将来时结构:there will be 或或 there be going to be 6.there be+名词+现在
8、分词 使用现在分词表示“有某人在做某事”There is someone waiting for him.有个人在等他。There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站着一个男人。有时现在分词不表示动作正在进行,而表示一种状态。There is a door leading to the garden.有一扇门通往花园。Theres a dog lying on the floor.地上躺着一条狗。7.there be+7.there be+名词名词+不定式不定式使用不定式表示该动作尚未发生。使用不定式表示该动作尚未发生。There is a large
9、 crowd to see him off.There is a large crowd to see him off.有一大群人要去给他送行。有一大群人要去给他送行。习题训练：习题训练：()1._some rice on the plate,please have()1._some rice on the plate,please have it.it.A.There is A.There is B.There are B.There are C.There be C.There be D.There have D.There have()2._any apples in the bags?
10、()2._any apples in the bags?A.There is A.There is B.There are B.There are C.Are there C.Are there D.Is there D.Is there ()3._ have a lot of homework to do today.()3._ have a lot of homework to do today.A.There A.There B.He B.He C.There be C.There be D.They D.They知识知识 5 5句子的结构句子的结构英语句子按照其结构分为简单旬英语句子按
11、照其结构分为简单旬 并列句并列句 复合复合句和句和并并列复合句。列复合句。1.1.简单句简单句只有一个主语只有一个主语(或或并并列主语列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）的句的句子称为简单句。子称为简单句。Both Nancy and her brother are in the same Both Nancy and her brother are in the same school.school.南希和她的弟弟在同一所学校。南希和她的弟弟在同一所学校。温馨提示温馨提示有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至有两个并列谓语甚
12、至有两个并列谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句。这样的句子仍然是简单句。如如:Lucy and I often work together and help each other.Lucy and I often work together and help each other.露西和我经常在一起工作并互相帮助露西和我经常在一起工作并互相帮助 并列句：并列句：含有两个或者两个以上的独立的主谓结构或简单句含有两个或者两个以上的独立的主谓结构或简单句的句子叫并列句。通常由逗号、分号或并列连词来的句子叫并列句。通常由逗号、分号或并列连词来连接。连接。(1)(1)表示并列关系的并列句表示并列关系的并列句a
13、nd,both.and.,not only.but also.and,both.and.,not only.but also.，neither.nor.neither.nor.等连接表并列关系的句子。等连接表并列关系的句子。He gave me a present,and I like it very much.He gave me a present,and I like it very much.他给了我一件礼物他给了我一件礼物,我很喜欢。我很喜欢。(2)(2)表示转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列句but,while,yet but,while,yet 用来连接表示转折关系的并列句用来连
14、接表示转折关系的并列句!He is old but he is in good health.He is old but he is in good health.他虽然年纪大了他虽然年纪大了，但是身体很好。但是身体很好。He is tall while his sister is short.He is tall while his sister is short.他很高他很高,而他妹妹却很矮。而他妹妹却很矮。(3)(3)表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列句or,either.or.,not.but.or,either.or.,not.but.等用于连接表示等用于连接表示选择关系选择关系
15、的并列句。的并列句。Either you are right,orIam.Either you are right,orIam.要么你对，要么我对要么你对，要么我对(4)(4)表示因果关系的并列句常用的并列连词有表示因果关系的并列句常用的并列连词有so.forso.for等等It must have rained last night.for it is wet It must have rained last night.for it is wet all over.all over.昨晚一定下雨了昨晚一定下雨了.因为到处都是湿的因为到处都是湿的The shops were closed,s
16、o l didnt get any The shops were closed,so l didnt get any milkmilk商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶 。(5)(5)其他形式的并列句其他形式的并列句祈使句祈使句+an+an简单句简单句”其中析使创表示一个条件其中析使创表示一个条件并列连词并列连词 and and 连接的简单句则表示连接的简单句则表示种较好的结果种较好的结果，谓语谓语动动词常用一般将来时词常用一般将来时Use your head,and you will find s way.Use your head,and you will fin
17、d s way.动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。“祈使句祈使句+or+or+简单句简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件。祈使句表示一个条件,并列并列连词连词 or or 后的简单句则表示一种不愉快或不理想的结后的简单句则表示一种不愉快或不理想的结果果Study hard,or you will fall behind others.Study hard,or you will fall behind others.努力学习努力学习.否则你就会落后于别人。否则你就会落后于别人。例例：Its raining.Take an umbrella with Its raining.Take an umbrella with you,_youll get you,_youll get wet.wet.A.andA.andB.butB.but C.soC.soD.orD.orTHANKSTHANKS!2022.04.
