1、Made by Qianmo-studioMade by Qianmo-studio语法复习06 形容词和副词Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点思维导图形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征;副词既可修饰动词,又可修饰形容词和其他副词,甚至整个句子。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查1.形容词的基本用法考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法功能位置例句作定语一般放在名词前;常用作定语的形容词:little,only（唯一的）,wooden,elder等There are four wooden chairs under the table.桌
2、子下有四把木质的椅子。作后置定语形容词修饰不定代词时,通常后置I have something interesting to tell you.我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。作表语一般放在be动词后,常用作表语的形容词:alone,awake,alive,well（健康的）,ill等I was awake last night and Im sleepy now.我昨晚失眠了,现在我很困。作宾语补足语常置于keep,make,leave等动词之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征Please keep the room clean and tidy.请保持房间干净整洁。Qianmo-studioQia
3、nmo-studio考点速查【拓展】形容词的其他用法（1）“the+形容词”表示一类人或物,如:the old 老人。（2）数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词,如:five thousand metres long 5千米长。（3）形容词常用句式:“Its+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事是的”。在这一句型中,常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如:good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful等。“Its+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人来说是的”。在这一句型中,常
4、用描述事物性质的形容词,如:easy,difficult,important,safe,dangerous等。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.副词的分类及用法分类例词用法时间副词now,then,today,immediately,already,yet,before,ago,just这三种副词一般放在句末,有时为了强调时间,也可把时间副词置于句首。I met one of my old friends at the station just now.我刚才在车站见到了我的一位老朋友。The boy did his homework carefully.这个男孩
5、写作业很认真。地点副词here,there,outside,inside,anywhere,away,home方式副词happily,quickly,slowly,fast,hardQianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）分类例词用法频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,never,seldom位于be动词、情态动词及助动词之后,实义动词之前。Mrs.Liu is always kind to us.刘老师总是对我们很好。Yang Peng often goes to school early.杨鹏经常早早去上学。程度副词very,q
6、uite,so,too,enough,much,rather修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词一样。牢记副词very,quite,so,too后接形容词、副词原级。疑问副词when,where,why,how,how soon常用来构成特殊疑问句,放在句首关系副词when,where,why常用来引导定语从句【注意】有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词,如:lonely,lovely,friendly,motherly等。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1.规则变化情况变化规则原级比较级最高级单音节词直接加-er,-es
7、tstrongstrongerstrongest以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-r,-stwidewiderwidest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estfatthinfatterthinnerfattest thinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加-er,-estheavyhappyheavierhappierheaviesthappiest多音节词及部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostdifficultslowlymore difficultmore slowlymost difficultmost slowlyQianmo-st
8、udioQianmo-studio考点速查2.常见的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldestQianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点三 形容词和副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法（1）只能修饰原级的词有very,quite,too,so等。Today is too hot.今天真是太热了。（2）原级常用的句型结构:结构
9、例句“A+be/v.+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A和B程度相同”Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。“A+be/v.+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个房间大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.比较级的用法结构例句“A+be/v.+形容词/副词比
10、较级+than+B”表示“A比B”Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨比我妈妈起床还早。“A+be/v.+形容词/副词比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词（+介词短语）”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“A最”（该句型虽用比较级的结构,但表达最高级的意思）The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest riv
11、er in China.长江是中国最长的河流。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）结构例句“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two”表示“A是两者中较的”Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。“the+比较级,the
12、+比较级”表示“越,就越”The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）结构例句“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+v.+副词比较级,A or B?”Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?【注意】比较级前一般可用much,a little,a lot,eve
13、n,still,far,a bit 等来修饰。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查3.最高级的用法结构例句“主语+be/v.+the+形容词/副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他班上/所有学生当中最高的。I jump（the）farthest in my class.我是我班上跳得最远的。“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）结构例句“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A,B,or C?”用于三者及三者以上的比较Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国、巴西还是加拿大?表示“第几”用“the+序数词+最高级+名词”Li Ming is the second tallest student in the class.李铭是班里第二高的学生。【注意】形容词最高级前要加the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
