1、形容词和副词(二)语法专题五教学目标1.掌握形容词用法及辨析2.掌握副词用法及辨析3.掌握形容词和副词的比较等级4.形容词和副词的构词法形容词和副词形容词用法及辨析副词用法及辨析形容词和副词的比较等级形容词用法及辨析形容词短语的辨析形容词的用法形容词的辨析（-ing形容词和-ed形容词）作表语作定语作宾补与at搭配与about搭配与for搭配与in搭配与from搭配与of搭配与with搭配与to搭配副词用法及辨析时间副词today,now,soon,just.地点副词here,there,home.方式副词quietly,quickly.程度副词much,too,enough.疑问副词when
2、,where,how.关系副词when,where,why.频度副词 often,usaully,never.几组副词辨析副词的用法副词的分类作表语作状语作宾补形容词和副词的比较等级形容词（或副词）比较等级的构成形容词（或副词）原级的用法形容词（或副词）比较级和最高级的用法考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词（或副词）原级的用法条件条件结构结构例句例句有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite 等修饰时用形容词（或副词）原级 -The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。条件条件结构结构例句例句表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词（或副词）原级
3、肯定句中的结构 A.+as+形容词（或副词）原级+as+BEnglish is as interesting as Chinese.英语和汉语一样有趣。否定句中的结构 A.+not+as/so+形容词（或副词）原级+as+BI am not so careful as Lucy.我不如露西仔细。条件条件结构结构例句例句表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词（或副词）原级表示A是B的倍时，用A.+倍数+as+形容词（或副词）原级+as+B结构（一倍 once，两倍 twice，三倍及以上基数词+times）Our school is three times as big as their
4、s.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。half as+形容词（或副 词）原级+as表示是的一半 Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你的房间的一半大。注意在两者进行比较表示A不如B时，部分双音节和多音节形容词（或副词）除使用not.as/so+形容词（或副词）原级+as结构外，还可使用less+形容词（或副词）原级+than结构。He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。Bll did his homework less carefully than Jim.比尔做家庭作业没有
5、吉姆认真。二、形容词比较级和最高级的构成及用法(与副词用法基本相同)（一）形容词比较等级的构成1.规则变化a.一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词副词比较级 直接加-er,最高级直接加-est。如:clevercleverercleverest cheapcheapercheapest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest youngyoungeryoungestb.以-e 结尾的形容词副词，比较级+-r,最高级+-st。如:largelargerlargest nicenicernicest cutecutercutestc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+e
6、r或+est。如:busybusierbusiest heavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest dirtydirtierdirtiestd.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加+er或+est。如:bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest fatfatterfattest hothotterhotteste.多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，+most 构成最高级。如:importantmore importantmost
7、 important beautifulmore beautiful most beautiful原级比较级最高级说明goodwellbad(ly)illmanymuchlittlefaroldbetter bestworseworstless more mostfartherfurtherolderelderleast farthestfurthestoldest eldest巧记：巧记：特殊形式比较级特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远2不规则变化形容词副词最高级的构成
8、规则最高级 有变化，一般词尾加 est。词尾若有哑音e，直接加st就可以。辅音字母加 y，去y改i加est。双写变化有几个,大红胖瘦悲湿热。不规则 记心间，两多好坏老少远。多音节 词前变，词前加most记心间。goodwellbad(ly)illmanymuchlittlefarold（二）形容词比较级和最高级的主要结构 1.形容词比较级（两者比较）a.A+be+比较级+than+BThis box is heavier than that one.这个箱子比那个要重。b.A+be+比较级+than any other+B（名词单数）He is taller than any other bo
9、y in his class.他比他班里的任何一个别的男生都要高。c.A+be+比较级+than the other 比较级+B（名词复数）He is taller than the other boys in his class.他比他班里的其余的男生都要高。d.Who/Which+be+比较级，A or B?表示两者之间进行选择哪一个更Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao?谁更高，李明还是王涛?e.主语+be+the+比较级+of the two.表示两者之间比较的一个Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那个
10、。f.表示越来越时，用比较级重叠结构，即比较级+and+比较级，多音节词和部分双音节词用more and more+形容词原级Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡正在变得越来越漂亮。g.表示越，越.时，用the比较级，the比较级结构The more we get together,the happier well be.聚会越多，我们越高兴。h.有表示程度的副词 a little，a bit,a lot,much,ev
11、en,still,far 等修饰时，用形容词比较级I feel even worse now.现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷多了。2.形容词最高级（三者或三者以上的比较）a.主语+be+the+最高级+人/物/数词 主语+be+the+最高级+in+地方He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩中最高的。Taiwan is the biggest island in China.台湾是中国最大的岛屿。b.表示最的之一时，用主语+be+one of+the+最高级+名词复数结构
12、Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。c.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C?结构Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州?注意1.比较对象要相呼应，相比内容必须相同，为了避免重复，可用 one，that，those 或 do 代替前面出现过的名词或动词。The price of meat is higher than that of r
13、ice.肉的价格比大米的价格高。2.表示倍数时，用倍数+比较级+than表示。The river is three times longer than that one.这条河比那条河长两倍。3.形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the，句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示范围。副词最高级前一般不加定冠词 the。Lin Tao did best in English of all.在所有人中，林涛的英语最好。4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示第几最。如The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。5.形容词最高级
14、前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用冠词。如 This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。题组训练 单项选择Lin Fang comes home _than before this term.She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon.A.early B.earlier C.lateD.later Emma looked after her pet dog _of all her friends.A.carefull B.most careful C.more carefu
15、lly D.the most carefullyBDWe have done much to protect the environment.So the river is getting _than before.A.dirier B.dirty C.cleaner D.clean The scarves are all beautiful.I cant decide which one to choose.Oh,look at this red one.I think its_.A.beautiful B.more beautifulC.the most beautiful D.less
16、beautifulCC友情提示：形容词（副词）的比较等级包括原级、比较级和最高级。1.判断原级的方法 如果句中有 as.as这一标志性结构，则用原级;另外如果有 very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时，一般也用原级。2.判断比较级的方法：1）看看是不是两者在进行比较，题组中第、题都是把现在的情况和以前相比，所以用比较级;2）如果是比较级+and+比较级（越来越）和the+比较级，the+比较级（越越）这两个结构，则用比较级;3）如果有 a little，a bit，a lot，much，even，still，far 等修饰时也用比较级。3.判断最高级的方法1）看看是不是三者或
17、三者以上在进行比较，三者或三者以上比较用最高级，第题中的 all表示三者或三者以上，所以判断用最高级;2）如果句末有in/of 短语来表示范围，则用最高级，第题中有 of all her friends，故判断用最高级;3）如果句中有 one of the最之一这一结构，就用最高级。一、加后缀构成的形容词 1.常见名词变形容词的后缀 名词类别名词类别构成方法构成方法 意义意义举例举例表示天气的名词-y充满的多的表示方位的名词-ern方位的朝方的表示称谓的名词-ly般的考点四 形容词和副词的构词法cloudcloudywindwindyeasteasternwestwesternfriendfr
18、iendly mothermotherly名词类别名词类别构成方法构成方法 意义意义举例举例表示时间的名词-ly每的表示物质的名词-en材质的表示抽象意义的名词-fully-less的的无的表示抽大洲与大国的名词-n的人的weekweekly monthmonthlywoodwooden goldgoldencarecareful lucklucky hopehopelessAsiaAsian AmericaAmerican后缀后缀原词原词派生词派生词-able 能够，可的（加在动词、名词后，构成形容词）enjoy 喜欢enjoyable 愉快的-ive 的，有的（加在动词后构成形容）prod
19、uce生产productive 生产的2.其他后缀二、形容词变副词的规则情况情况构成构成例词例词一般情况直接叫-ly辅音字母+y结尾把y 改i，再加-lyle 结尾去e，加-yquickquickly 快速地correctcorrectly 正确地easyeasily 容易地happyhappily 高兴地possiblepossibly 可能probableprobably 很可能续表情况情况构成构成例词例词元音字母+e结尾 去e，加-lyll结尾只加-yic结尾加-allytruetruly 真诚地；确实fullfully 完全地；充分地basicbasically基本上；大体上scien
20、tificscientifically科学地；按科学方法注意 并非所有以-ly 结尾的词都是副词，有些是形容词。常见的有：fiendly 友好的;lonely 孤独的;lovelv 可爱的;lively（人）精力充沛的;（地方、事件等）充满趣味的令人兴奋的;daily 日常的，monthly 每月的、等等。三、常见形容词的否定前缀否定前缀否定前缀例词例词un-in-im-ir-dis-happyunhappy luckyunluckyhealthyunhealthy importantunimportantcorrectincorrect expensiveinexpensive active
21、inactivepoliteimpolite possibleimpossiblepatientimpatientregularirregular responsibleirresponsiblehonestdishonest respectfuldisrespectful考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级1.Mary，do you prefer weekdays or weekends?Of course weekdays.Because Im_ on weekends.A.busyB.much busier C.the busiest2.What do you think of your ju
22、nior high school life?I think it is one of_periods in my life.A.wonderful B.more wonderful C.much wonderfulD.the most wonderfulBD3.Mount Lao is one of_mountains in Qingdao.Many tourists like climbing it every year.A.famousB.the more famous C.most famousD.the most famous4.Why dont you get yourself a
23、job?Thats_said than done.A.easyB.easierC.the easierD.the easiest5.The Nile is one of the _river in the world.A.longB.longerC.longestD.most longestDBC6.Do the twins look the same?No,Jane is _ taller than Claire.A.littleB.moreC.a little7.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers anddrink_cola to keep fit
24、.A.much B.moreC.fewer D.less8.The hotel is very old.Its one of _buildings in the city.A.oldB.older C.oldestD.the oldestCDD9.Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as_as the computer.A.well B.better C.bestD.the best10.Nowadays people wish to have_food than before as their life improves.A.he
25、althy B.healthierC.healthiest D.the healthiest 11.Jane has become much _than before.She can express herself in public now.A.brave B.braver C.lazy D.lazier ABB12.Mike is _student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.A.young B.youngerC.the younger D.the youngest13.I have been to qu
26、ite a few restaurants，but I can say this one is_.A.good B.better C.the betterD.the best14.A journey by train is _than by coach.A.more relaxing B.relaxingC.most relaxingD.the most relaxingDDA15.I think its necessary to learn how to work in groupsI quite agree.Sometimes its even _than grades.A.less im
27、portant B.more importantC.the least important D.the most important16._you speak，_your English will be.A.The less;the moreB.The more;the better C.The less;the betterD.The more;the lessBB17.Peter is 15 years old.He is_than his father.A.tall B.tallerC.tallestD.the tall18.The Internet service fees are t
28、oo high,and the speed is too slow.Thats why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators（运营商）to provide _Internet.A.many cheaper and quicker B.very cheaper and quicker C.more cheaper and quicker D.much cheaper and quickerBD19.What a clear blue sky it is!Yes.I have never seen_sky!A.a more beautiful B.a most beautifulC.the more beautifulD.the most beautiful20.The relation between the two countries gets_.A war seems to break out soon.I hope they will make peace with each other.A.worse and worse B.better and betterC.more and more peacefulAAThank you
