1、语法之定语从句学习目标Course Objectives掌握中考题型-定语从句的用法目录Catalog1.掌握定语从句的概念2.掌握定语从句的先行词3.掌握定语从句关系代词的用法4.掌握定语从句关系副词的用法Lead-inLead-inLead-inLead-inLead-inLead-in用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词Lead-in二、定语位置定语前置He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.定语后置The boy with glasses is my b
2、rother.I have something important.PART 02PART 02Presentation三、什么是定语从句？担任定语功能的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。The boy is silly.I am a person 四、例句解析 关系词（指人）例1.Do you know the boy（who is singing on the stage）?先行词（人）定语从句关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（主语）关系词（指物）例2.This is the work(that my father desig
3、ned).先行词（物）定语从句关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（宾语）关系词（指人）例3.He doesnt seem to be the man(that he used to be).先行词（人）定语从句关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（表语）关系词（指人的）例4.The man(whose son studies hard)likes telling jokes.先行词（人）定语从句关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（定语）关系词（指地点）例5.Lets find a place（where we play football
4、）.先行词（地点）定语从句关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（状语）五、具体解析1.先行词定义：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词，先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。Do you know the boy（who is singing on the stage）?This is the museum(that my father designed).He doesnt seem to be the man(that he used to be).Lets find a place（where we play football）The man(whose son studies
5、 hard)likes telling jokes.2.关系词定义：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词作用：1.引导定语从句 2.在定语从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）Do you know the boy（who is singing on the stage）?This is the museum(that my father designed).He doesnt seem to be the man(that he used to be).Lets find a place（where we play football）The man(whose son studies
6、 hard)likes telling jokes.关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词关系副词thatwhowhomwhichwhosewhenwherewhy关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词功能先行词that/who/whom作主语、宾语、表语人that/which作主语、宾语、表语物whose作定语人、物when作状语时间where作状语地点why作状语reason(1)关系代词 who 的用法指人。who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语例：She is the girl who I met at the party.You sh
7、ould thank people who supported you.(2)关系代词 whom 的用法指人。whom 在定语从句中作宾语。若前面带介词，则必须用宾语的whom,即 介词+whom.例：She is the girl whom I met at the party.She is the girl with whom I went there.课堂练习1.John invited about 40 people to his party,most of _ are classmates.A them B that C which D whom2.Can you tell me a
8、nything about my son _ youve know?A.what B.which C.whom D.when课堂练习3.Theletterisfrommysister_isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who用who/whom 填空4.The teacher is talking to the students_ are reading in the classroom.5.The girl _you talked with just now is my sister.答案1.D2.C3.D4.who5.whom(3)关系代词whi
9、ch 的用法指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语。例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.Do you know the book which I am reading?课堂练习1.Only You is a TV program _ is popular with most young people.Yes,it is definitely true.A.which B.whose C.what D.who2.Thesilk_ismadeinHangzhousellswell.A.which B.whoC.whatD./课堂练习3.Thepe
10、n_heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich4.QQ is a tool_is mainly used for peopleto talk to others online.A.which B.whoC.whatD./5.I found the information about the scientists _I can use for the report.A.which B.whoC.whatD./答案1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A(4)关系代词that 的用法that 指人或物作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语或表语时可省
11、略先行词前有介词不用that例：Do you know the boy that is singing on the stage?This is the museum that my father designed.He doesnt seem to be the man that he used to be.课堂练习1.I really like the family photo _ we took on my grandpa s 80th birthday.A.who B.that C.what D.whose2.I do not like people _dont help others
12、 when they are in trouble.A.whom B.that C.what D.whose3.I expected to see the film_won the Oscars.A.who B.that C.what D.whose课堂练习 4.The man _came to see me yesterday is my brother.A.whom B.that C.what D.whose5.Friends are those _make you smile and always open their hearts to you.A.whom B.that C.what
13、 D.whose答案1.B2.B3.B4.B5.B关系代词只适合用that 的情况1.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时。Chinese is the most difficult subject that you will learn.2.先行词有序数词修饰时。He was the second that gave us some useful advice.3.主句为who或者which引导的特殊疑问句时。Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?4.先行词即有人又有物时。例：Do you know the things and person
14、s that they are talking about?5.先行词是all,much,like,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等代词。例：You should hand in all that you have.关系代词只适合用that 的情况6.先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,等词修饰时例：The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代
15、词已用which,另外一个只用that.例：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.关系代词只适合用that 的情况课堂练习1.Have you watched the TV play“In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？Its the most popular play _ shows our Partys trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).A.where B.which C.that D.who
16、 2.Happiness is not getting all_you want.It is all about enjoy what you have.A.where B.which C.that D.who 课堂练习 3.It is the only word_I dont know in the article.4.This is the best film_I have ever seen.5.He was the first_gave me useful advice.答案1.C2.C3.that4.that5.that(5)关系代词whose 的用法指人的，指物的在定语从句中作定语
17、。whose=the+名词+of+whichwhose=the+名词+of+whom做题技巧：当先行词有引导词后名词为所属关系，可以翻译为.的时选whose例：Youre the person whose advice he might listen to.(whose=the advice of whom)Id like a room whose window overlooks the sea.(whose=the window of which)课堂练习 1.Itthereanyoneinyourclass_familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.whosC.whichD
18、.whose2.Uncle Wang _office we have passed is a lawyer.3.The house _door is broken is my uncles.答案1.D2.whose3.whose(6)关系副词where的用法 先行词是表示地点词作状语where=介词+which例：This is the house where I was born.This is the house in which I was born.课堂练习 1.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _his family lived ten ye
19、ars ago.A.when B.which C.where D.that 2.This is the factory _his father works.答案1.C2.where先行词主要是表示时间的词作状语when=介词+which例：Ill never forget the time when we first met.Ill never forget the time at which we first met.(7)关系副词when的用法课堂练习1.I still remember the year_we graduated from No.8 Middle School.A.whe
20、re B.which C.when D.who 2.There came a day _the rain fell at last.3.I will never forget the day_we worked together.答案1.C2.when3.when经常用在先行词reason之后作状语why=for+which例：The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.(8)关系副词why的用法课堂练习1.We dont know the reason _he was sick.A.where B.which C.why D.who 2
21、.That is the reason _he was late for school this morning.答案1.C2.why六、关系代词的省略一般情况下that、which、whom作宾语可省略，以下情况除外1.关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词置于关系代词前例：I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.2.that、which、who在从句中做主语时不能省略例：Who is the boy that is talking with you.关系代词是否可省略1.This is the place _I have
22、ever visited.2.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.3.This is the house _ I want to buy.课堂练习答案1.that/which/省略2.that/which/省略3.that/which/省略This is the countryside that/which I visited.(visit为及物动词缺宾语)这就是我参观过的农村。This is the countryside where I was born.（was born 是被动，不缺宾语，作状语）这就是我出生的
23、农村。练一练：1.This is the hotel _ we visited last year.2.This is the hotel _ Lincoln once lived.七、关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词和关系副词的区别做题技巧1.先成分，动词为及物动词选关系代词，动词为不及物动词选关系副词2.再翻译。1.(主句)This is the hotel(从句)which we visited last year.2.(主句)This is the hotel(从句)where Lincoln once lived.Which为visited的宾语Where做从句的地点状语visite
24、d the hotellived in the hotel课堂练习1.That is the school_we studied three years ago.2.That is the school_we visited three years ago.3.I will never forget the days _ I worked in the countryside.4.I will never forget the days _I spent in the countryside.答案1.where2.which/that3.when4.which/that八、定语从句中的主谓一致
25、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在单复数上保持一致。如果“one of+复数名词”后跟有定语从句，一般情况下“one of”后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时，先行词则为one，谓语动词用单数形式。例：He is one of the students who drive to school every day.他是每天开车去上学的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who drives to school every day.他是唯一一个每天开车去上学的学生。总
26、结：定语从句解题秘籍 三看原则一、一看指人还是物二、二看句中作何用三、三看是否属特殊课堂练习一、单项选择1.Tommy couldnt stop thinking about the boy _ made him a fool in the whole of class.A.whom B.which C.what D.who2.Which is your new neighbor,Liu Hua?The man _ T-shirt is red.A.that B.who C.which D.whose3.Have you seen the documentary named ABite of
27、China(舌尖上的中国)?Yeah!Its the most funny one _ I have ever seen.A.that B.what C.which D.where课堂练习4.Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine.A.who B.what C.that D.whom5.“Underground”is the only word in the English language _ begins and ends with the letters“und”.A.what B.that C.who D.whom6.Wh
28、at kind of movies do you like?I like movies _ scary monsters.A.which has B.that have C.what has D.why have课堂练习7.He said _ the man _ had robbed the bank had long hairA.who;who B.who;that C.that;who D.that;which8.Mr.Smith _ is smoking is looking for _ he lost yesterday.A.whom;which B.who;what C.that;w
29、ho D.which;where9.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 10.This is one of the best films _.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 课堂练习11.In a text message,88 means Bye-bye.And another example is F
30、2F _ stands for faceto face.A.that B.who C.whom D.it12.After Mandela was free(自由的)in 1990,he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him.A.whose B.which C./D.who13.A Wechat(微信)is an invention _ can help people talk to friends,share photos,ideas and feeling freely.A.which B.who C.whose
31、D./课堂练习14.A friend is someone _ says,“What!You too?I thought I was the only one!”A.who B.which C.that D.whose15.I still remember the college and the teachers _ I visited in London years ago.A.what B.who C.that D.which 16.I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me _.A.which;to laugh B.that;
32、to laugh C.whose;laughing D.which;laugh 1课堂练习17.A graduation ceremony is a custom _takes place _ students graduate from a school.A.which;when B.that;who C.which;whose D.that;which18.People _overweight need more water than thin people.A.who isB.which are C.that is D.who are19.Happiness isnt getting a
33、ll_you want.A.that B.what C.who D.which 课堂练习20.Class,you should be thankful to those people _ helped and supported you.We will,Miss Chen.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose21.She has a teenager granddaughter about my age _ is really kind.A.who B.which C.where D./22.What are you looking forI m looking for t
34、he dictionary _ you lent me last week.A.who B what C.that D when课堂练习23.The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything24.He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A.where B.in that C.under which D.which25.The hotel _ durin
35、g our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed课堂练习26.What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV?Its a great TV show _ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.that27.What kind of teachers do you like,John?
36、I like the teachers _are friendly to us.A.which B.whose C.who28.In the program The Singer in 2018,I like Hua Chenyu most.Yes.He is the singer _ won the first prize of Happy Boys Voice in 2013.A.what B.which C.who课堂练习29.Only You is a TV program_ is popular with most young people.Yes,it is definitely
37、true.A.that B.whose C.what D.who30.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading a research to develop“sea rice”.A.who B.which C.whom31.Danny met a famous astronaut _was the first Canadian astronaut in space.A.which B.whatC.whoseD.who课堂练习32.I hear that Lucys uncle is a worker here.Yes.Look,
38、the man _ is working over there is her uncle.A.whom B.who C.what D.which33.Have you watched the TV play“In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？Its the most popular play _ our Partys trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows34.My grandparents like stories _
39、 have happy endings.A.they B.who C.which D./课堂练习35.People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.A.which B.where C.who D.when36.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _ his family lived ten years ago.A.when B.which C.where D.that 37.Dont forget the time _ Ive
40、told you.A.that B.when C.in which D.what课堂练习38.I still remember the time _ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.A.when B.what C.who D.which 39.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.A.that B.where C.which D.when40.Success will belong to those _ never say“impossible”.A.whom B.what C.who D
41、.which 课堂练习 .句型转换，每空一词1.I can never forget the day when we worked together.(改为同义句)I can never forget the day _ _we worked together.2.This is the hotel where they stayed.(改为同义句)This is the hotel _ _ they stayed.3.The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever(同义句)The girl _ the red coat is very
42、clever.课堂练习 4.She spoke to the woman.The woman is my mother.(改为含定语从句的复合句)The woman _ _ she spoke is my mother.5.This is the reason for which he didnt come to the meeting.(改为同义句)This is the reason _ he didnt come to the meeting.答案一、单项选择1-5 DDACB 6-10 BCBCA11-15 ADAAC 16-20 DADBC21-25 ACCAA 26-30 DCCAA31-35 DBCCA 36-40 CADBC二、句型转换1.that/who has 2.that/which;was3.which/that has 4.who/that walked5.thatPART 03PART 03SummarySummary
