1、语法互动语法互动(一一)名词名词 名词考点：名词考点：1、可数名词的复数 2、不可数名词的量 3、名词所有格 概念：概念：表示个人、地方、机构等专属名称的名词，包括人名、国名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名、语言名等。注意：注意：专有名词的首字母通常要大写，但如果是短语形式的专有名词，其中的冠词、介词、连词不大写。Eg.Bill Gates,Italy,Chinese,Friday,October,National Day,Class One,Grade Fourthe Summer Palace,the Great Wall,the United States of America考点
2、二不可数名词考点二不可数名词 1不可数名词分类不可数名词分类不可数名词分为_(表示具体存在的物质，但无法分为个体，如rice,water,milk等)和_(表示动作、状态、情感、品质等抽象概念，如work,time,health，love等)。常考的不可数名词还有：advice（建议）,news（新闻）,trouble（麻烦）,weather（天气）,fun（乐趣）,information（信息）,homework（家庭作业）,progress（进步）,experience(经验)等。2不可数名词基本用法不可数名词基本用法前面不能用a/an修饰，也没有复数形式。在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形
3、式。物质名词物质名词 抽象名词抽象名词 不可数名词：（前面不能用不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类液体类(water)：juice(果汁果汁),tea（茶）（茶）,soup（汤）（汤）,milk（牛奶）（牛奶）,cola（可乐）（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）（咖啡）肉类肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）（羊肉）粉末类：粉末类：bread（面包）（面包）抽象名词类：抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）（新闻，消息）,information（消（消息）息
4、）,money（钱）（钱）,advice（建议）（建议）,friendship（友谊）（友谊）,work（工作）（工作）,homework（家庭作业）（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）（家务活）,help（帮助）（帮助）,fun（乐趣）（乐趣）,health（健康）（健康）,price（价格）（价格）食物类（食物类（food):rice（大米，米饭）（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥（粥),junk food（垃圾食品）（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）（豆腐）3既可数又不可数的名词既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能作不可数名词，但
5、意义不同。如：可数 不可数chicken 鸡 鸡肉room 房间 空间fish 鱼 鱼肉glass 玻璃杯 玻璃orange 橘子 橘汁paper 试卷，报纸 纸张experience 经历 经验exercise 练习；做操 锻炼 4不可数名词的量不可数名词的量不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达，其结构为：数词量词of不可数名词。如：一片面包_两杯茶_三杯橘汁_a piece of bread two cups of tea three glasses of orange 常见的量词常见的量词:piece（张、片、块、条）bottle（瓶）box（盒、箱）glass/cup（杯）重要应用：不
6、可数名词的量作主语，后面谓语动词的单复数和“数量词”保持一致，而不是名词！e g：A pair of pants is 10 yuan.Two pairs of pants are 20 yuan.考点三可数名词考点三可数名词单数单数复数复数单数可数名词不能独立使用，前面必须有限定词单数可数名词不能独立使用，前面必须有限定词a，an，the，my等；等；但复数名词可以独立使用。但复数名词可以独立使用。错错 She often makes mistake in her homework.对对 She often makes a mistake in her homework.2.以以s,x,sh
7、,ch结尾的词结尾的词加加esbusbusesboxboxes3.以辅音字母以辅音字母y结尾的结尾的词词变变y为为i,再加再加escitycitiesstorystories情况情况构成方法构成方法例词例词1.一般情况一般情况加加sbookbooksmapmaps4.以以o结尾的词结尾的词加加sphotophotos*但黑人但黑人(negro)英雄英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆和土豆(potato)，要加，要加es.5.以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词变变f或或fe为为v，再，再加加es口诀：小偷口诀：小偷（theif）的妻子的妻子（wife），），靠在书架靠在书架（
8、shelf）上，用半上，用半（half）把）把小刀小刀（knife）结束了自己结束了自己（self）的生的生命命（life），狼，狼（wolf）拖走其尸体，拖走其尸体，并用树叶并用树叶（leaf）将其掩埋。将其掩埋。单数变复数规则变化：单数变复数规则变化：2.单数变复数的不规则变化单数变复数的不规则变化(1)两身体部位两身体部位+三动物三个人三动物三个人footfeet；toothteeth;goosegeesemousemiceoxoxenmanmen;womanwomen;childchildren(2)单、复数相同。（三个动物）单、复数相同。（三个动物）如：fishfish;deerde
9、er;sheepsheep;关于关于“国人国人”的复数：的复数：*中、日不变中、日不变;Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese*英、法变，变英、法变，变a为为e;Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchwoman-Frenchwomen*其余其余s加后面。加后面。German-Germans Eg:An Englishman ;They are English;He is English.I am a Chinese ;I am Chinese(国籍)I am American.I am an American boy.3名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成名
10、词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成 名词作定语修饰名词时，即“名词1+名词2”的结构其复数形式为：名词1形式不变，名词2变成复数。如：an apple tree-two apple treesa tea cup-two tea cupsa shoe shop-two shoe shopsa boy student-two boy studentsa girl student-two girl*但是由man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：a woman teacher many women teachers a man doctor three men doctors4有些名词
11、总以复数形式出现。有些名词总以复数形式出现。如：clothes,pants,trousers,shorts,goods(商品),works(作品)，glasses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀)等。5.部分名词以部分名词以“s”结尾，但不是复数结尾，但不是复数,还是单数概念。还是单数概念。e.g：news,physics,politics,maths6集体名词集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,team,group,public,police,people,cattle等。family,class,team,group,public,强调整体概念时，谓语为
12、单数；强调所有成员时，谓语为复数。His family is a big one.His family are friendly.police,cattle,people（警察是牛人）恒作复数，谓语用复数。7.复合形容词结构：冠词结构：冠词 数数-名名-形形 单数名词单数名词eg：an eight-year-old boy a 100-meter-long road考点四名词所有格考点四名词所有格 1构成(1)有生命的名词：通常在名词后加 s。如：迈克的汽车 _我妈妈的生日 _以s结尾的复数名词只加。如：教师节 _三个小时的步行 _不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加 s。如：妇女节 _儿童节
13、_Childrens Day_母亲节Mothers Day,父亲节Fathers Day_Mikes carmy mothers birthday Teachers Day 3 hours walkWomens Day(2)无生命的名词 一般由“of名词”构成。如：我们教室的一张照片 _一张中国地图 _注意注意 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体、表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体、价值价值、重量、重量、城市城市等无生命的名词，也可用等无生命的名词，也可用s构成所有格构成所有格。如：今天的报纸 _世界人口 _一个小时的散步 十天的假期a picture of our classroom a map
14、 of China todays newspaper the worlds population an hours walk ten days holiday/a ten-day holiday2特殊用法(1)表示共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加s,；表示各有时，则需在每个名词后加s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间 _ 莉莉和露西各自的房间 _(2)表示“家”、“店铺”等生活或工作地点，可省略后面的地点名词。如：在李雷家 at Li Leis 在医生的诊所_ 在药店 at the chemistsIm going to my aunts tonight.(my aunts=my aunts house
15、)（3）复合名词的所有格，是在后面的一个名词后加“s”e.g.an hour and a halfs walk his son-in-laws photo（他女婿的照片）Lily and Lucys roomLilys and Lucys rooms at the doctors 3.双重所有格双重所有格其结构是“of短语+名词所有格”，其含义是强调“很多中的一个一个”她的一本书_我的一个朋友 a friend of mine one of my friends an old friend of my fathers=one of my fathers old friendsa book of
16、 hers 典型题例分析 例例1 1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：1 A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes3.A.desks B.Americans C.friends D.breads4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies5.A.leaves B.knives C.rooves D.shelves 6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths
17、D.fifths例例2 判断下列译文哪句正确：判断下列译文哪句正确：多好的消息啊！多好的消息啊！A.What a good news it is!B.What good news it is!例3 单项选择 What you need is more.Dont always do your at your desk.A.exercise;exercise B.exercises;exercises C.exercises;exercise D.exercise;exercises 例例4 单项选择单项选择 All the teachers and students are having a p
18、arty.A.women;girls B.women;girl C.woman;girls D.woman;girl 例例5 改错改错 My trousers are too long,but hers is too short.are 单项选择：1.The boy dropped the and broke it.A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup2.In time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.A.a few years B.a few yea
19、rs C.a few year D.a few years3.Granny is badly ill.We have to take her to the .A.farm B.post office C.ship D.hospital4.I have to tell you.A.a news B.many news C.a piece of good news D.many newses5.are sold in that shop.A.Mens and childrens shoes B.Mens and childs shoesC.Mens and children shoes D.Man
20、 and child shoes6.If anyone comes to see me,ask him to leave a .A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice7.Miss Smith is a friend of .A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mary mothers D.Mothers of Mary.8.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller .A.piece B.kind C.copy D.pair1.-Whats your favorite Chinese
21、 traditional festival?-Its _.A.April Fools DayB.Fathers DayC.Christmas DayD.the Spring Festival2.In the coming summer holidays,my family _ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.-There _ no milk in the fridge.Could you get some for me,Dick?-All right,Mum.A.isB.areC.wasD.were4
22、.-Can you get a piano for me,dear?-But there isnt enough _ for it in our house.A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room5.A few _ are playing under the tree.A.boyB.boysC.chidsD.child6.Look!The kites in the sky are in different _,some are big and some are small.A.sizesB.colorsC.pricesD.names7.Its a beautiful,sunn
23、y day!There _ many people here on vacation.A.beB.amC.isD.are8.Look!Two _ are talking happily under the apple tree.A.man teacherB.man teachersC.men teachersD.men teacher9.-Whats in the _?-There are some _ and _ in them.A.photoes;potatos;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radiosC.photoes;potatoes;radiosD.photos;
24、potatoes;radioes10.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women11.Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today.A.twoB.piecesC.two piecesD.two pieces of12.Im going on hoilday on the 12th,I have to be back at work on the 26th,so Ive got
25、 two _ holiday.A.weeksB.weeksC.weeksD.week13.Mrs Green is _ mother.A.Mary and KateB.Marys and KatesC.Marys and KateD.Mary and Kates14.When we saw the football match,I sat between Ted and Ben,that is to say my seat was between _.A.Ted and BenB.Teds and BenC.Ted and BensD.Teds and Bens15.My school isn
26、t far from here.Its only _ walk.A.fifteen minutesB.fifteen minutesC.fifteen minutes16.Jennys shoes were worn out.She wanted to buy a new _.A.shoeB.shoesC.oneD.pair17.You must read the _ carefully before taking the medicine.A.newsB.picturesC.numbersD.instructions18.There are about twenty _ in the room.They are having a party there.A.peopleB.sheepC.workerD.class19.The _ Park will open next week.A.ChildrensB.ChildrensC.ChildrenD.Child20.Its over _ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A.three hours driveB.three hours driveC.three hours drivesD.three hours drive
