1、2022届北京师范大学第三附属实验中学高三年级三模英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、完形填空Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty. Its called the Chip Bag Project. She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their _1_ chip bags rather than throw them
2、away, so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England_2_ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook. _3_, she decided to use that video as a blueprint to start the Chip Bag Project.Ole
3、ita and her volunteers get chip bags of all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in soapy hot water, they _4_ them open, lay them flat and iron them together. They use the material from old coats to _5_ the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes around four hours to complete.Si
4、nce 2020, the project has _6_ more than 800, 000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to _7_ money to buy new sleeping bags. But thats not enough. “We are committed to providing _8_ for those in need, making an impact not only socially, but environ
5、mentally, ” Oleita says.And, of course, theres the symbolism of recycling bags that would _9_ land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. Its a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think its time to show_10_ between all of these issues. ”1
6、AcleanBspecialCemptyDnew2AshowingBaskingCsendingDobserving3AAstonishedBInspiredCDisappointedDEmbarrassed4ApushBsliceCknockDswing5AdecorateBmatchCadjustDcover6ApurchasedBsoldCcollectedDproduced7AraiseBborrowCearnDsave8ArelaxationBinnovationCinstructionDrelief9AstillBalmostChardlyDotherwise10Aconflict
7、sBsimilaritiesCconnectionsDdistinctions二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession. Until I joined her class, I hadnt believed in my ability as a writer. She _11
8、_ (persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognised _12_ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive carved out a _13_ (success) profession as a journalist.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
9、在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Some university students carried out a campaign _14_ they celebrated their whole day without cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual (虚拟的) life. _15_ (study) indicate
10、that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction (成瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists _16_ (try) to increase awareness about this problem.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当
11、的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The tiger shark _17_ (consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live _18_ waters where humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter (遭遇) are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so stron
12、g and aggressive that they can _19_ (easy) hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly _20_ (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.三、阅读理解If youre looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hove
13、rboard?What is a Hoverboard?A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. Its electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.How Does a Hoverboard Work?The device m
14、ay have many designs, but the mechanism itself isnt complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining bala
15、nce and adjusting their direction.Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data your speed, tilt, etc. and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board
16、 so riders can adjust their speed.All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.Why Buy a Hoverboard?Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. Youve probably seen kids riding one around the house. T
17、heyre a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?Where is a hoverboard legal?Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hov
18、erboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas including your yard are free of these restrictions.21The
19、 logic board of a hoverboard can _.Astore electricityBpower the wheelsCsend information to the ridersDreceive data and give command22According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used _.Aon campusBin parksCon bike pathsDin shopping malls23What is the main purpose of this passage?ATo evaluate a gifts
20、 quality.BTo recommend a gift choice.CTo compare new hoverboard models.DTo clarify functions of the latest hoverboards.Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in thi
21、s predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, p
22、lanning to become a professor.Bom and raised in San Diegos City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Deltas success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the drive
23、n, young scientist that she is today.When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to ones life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didnt d
24、o many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”Deltas
25、 efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and
26、ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Dont tell yourself that the scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or Ill never
27、 get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”24From the passage, we can learn that _.ADeka was adopted by a refugee familyBDeka spent a lot of time going to partiesCDeka became a professor after graduationDDekas e
28、xperiences drove her to work hard25Deka realized the importance of education _.Afrom her mothers experienceBafter her chemistry classCby reading books in the libraryDthrough working at the institute26According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be _.ApatientBconfidentCambitiousDgenero
29、us27What does the story intend to tell us?ALife is not all roses.BPractice makes perfect.CWell begun is half done.DHard work leads to success.A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at
30、 lunchtime. Perhaps theyre not so different.A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of br
31、ainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in frie
32、ndly behaviours like sharing food.Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-
33、blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole.
34、There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size: “ They dont only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relat
35、ive to other birds, ” he said.According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group its looking at no need for a brai
36、n that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges theyre facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.“ Having a multilevel st
37、ructure may not require having a large brain, ” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.28According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study?AThe guineafowls social behaviour.B
38、Previous assumptions about birds.CHis interest in animal brainpower.DThe faults in earlier research.29What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AThe research subjects.BThe research methods.CThe research findings.DThe research equipment.30What can be learned from the passage?AComplex social systems can be a d
39、isadvantage to the guineafowl.BThe guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.CBirds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups.DSmall-brained animals can form multilevel societies.For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate
40、 distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its
41、 not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If youve got a high school science textbook lying around, youll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method develop a hyp
42、othesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it isnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for tru
43、st in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. Its this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A sci
44、entific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted unt
45、il it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, its thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is
46、why diversity in science the more people looking at a claim from different angles is important.Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science becau
47、se scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.31How does the author think of the scientific method?AStable.BPersuasive.CUnreliable.DUnrealistic.32What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probabl
