1、2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（一）（一模）英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、完形填空Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the _1_ didnt work out,
2、 Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “Im really close with my family, and just couldnt imagine being _2_ on my own at 18,” she says.Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to _3_ what aging out looked like. One question was “Whats not being _4_ for the
3、se young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.Ella contacted her parents friends, asking if they had spare furniture to _5_. And a local furniture store offered free space and de
4、livery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have _6_ foster care. Watching those in need receive a bed, a table whatever was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldnt afford any furniture. When Hannah _7_ to Chair
5、-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once _8_ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”“To think what hadnt been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was _9_,” Ella says.T
6、oday, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. Shes convinced these contributions give those young people _10_ and confidence.1AplanBjobCwayDtask2AoccasionallyBcompletelyCfrequentlyDslightly3AexplainBunderst
7、andCexpectDrecall4AmetBbuiltCmeantDkept5AarrangeBsellCfixDdonate6AleftBfoundCimprovedDthanked7Alooked upBreached outCheld onDgave in8AquietBcoldCsmallDempty9ApromisingBpuzzlingCamazingDpressing10ApurposeBfreedomChopeDguidance二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
8、。A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! Id had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel _11_ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and _12_ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew _13_ upset
9、I was and wanted to surprise me!阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country _14_ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, _15_ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with
10、cameras and a radar, Zhurongs task was to search for signs of life. It _16_ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of _17_ (meeting) bringin
11、g together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures _18_ climate changelongterm changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, _19_ are produced by these activities, trap
12、 heat in Earths atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, _20_ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.三、阅读理解The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experience
13、s. Its not just about the race its about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.Itinerary17 May 2023Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin18 May 2023Route Inspection Day19 May 2023Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option20 May 2023Race Day21 May 2023Explore Beijing & Evening
14、Celebration Party22 May 2023Farewell ChinaOn Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall tha
15、t is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.Rules & RegulationsFull marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run p
16、articipants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finish
17、ed No Time) on the result list.If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes dista
18、nces during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.Visa Information6 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.For more details, please visit us online at .21Wh
19、at will participants do on Route Inspection Day?AEnjoy the Fun Run.BJoin in a 3.5 km walk.CGet medical insurance.DAttend a training course.22According to the rules, full marathon participants _.Awill receive a FNT on the result listBcan change distances on Race Day.Cshould be at least 12 years oldDw
20、ill be awarded medals23What is the purpose of the passage?ATo advertise a sport event.BTo promote a cultural tour.CTo introduce a marathon camp.DTo publicize a place of interest.Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. Hed hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new pa
21、th, the 45-year-old was lost.As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip hed planned.Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar o
22、f signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. Im lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to
23、 the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a mans legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsu
24、ccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.“Ive always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. Hes often successful. When he saw the image, he auto
25、matically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “Theres an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compeans photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “Hes got to be on the south side be
26、cause therere not any green valleys on the north side.”That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found
27、.Compeans story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.24What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?AThe thick forest.BThe unfamiliar route.CThe coming of nightfall.DLow battery on the phone.25Kuo was able to offer h
28、elp because of _.Ahis photo reading abilityBhis sense of responsibilityChis professional experienceDhis familiarity with the area26What can we learn from this story?AOne good turn deserves another.BChance favors the prepared mind.CNothing is impossible to a willing heart.DTheres no such thing as use
29、less knowledge.Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a mans brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brai
30、n-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended acti
31、ons. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step i
32、n making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details what patterns of activity within the map mean differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specif
33、ic thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signal
34、s by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious
35、entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to
36、 train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we
37、need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.27What can we learn about brain maps?AThey carry unique messages.BThey can process encrypted signals.CTheir functions vary from person to perso
38、n.DTheir locations reveal human thinking patterns.28What can we infer from the passage?ABCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.BBCIs could help recover from brain injuries.CMachine learning enables BCIs to read mind.DThe decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.29What does the underlined word “s
39、urreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?ASecure.BStable.CStandard.DSecret.30What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe future trend of BCIs.BThe potential risks of BCIs.CThe working principle of BCIs.DThe general applications of BCIs.Journal-based peer review the process of subjecting a scienti
40、fic research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a
41、price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.Im not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. Id still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints
42、, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has be
43、come more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as storie
44、s polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as
45、much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recentlyfittingly, in a preprint preprints may be a way out because they dont involve a
46、major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding t
47、hat journals wont accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science” something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions
48、once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times pap
