1、高考英语写信知识讲解一、首段信的种类很多，但任何种类的信的首段都必须首先说明写信的目的。只有从写作目的出发，才能选择为目的服务的内容。根据信的对象，首段可以采用下面两种模式：（1）介绍自己的身份 + 写信目的判断需不需要自我介绍的标准很简单，如果收信人是好朋友，自然不必自我介绍；如果对方是陌生人，则必须让亮明身份。信的首段应开门见山、简洁明了。此外，无论信件属于哪种类型，首段一定要亮出写信目的。信的首段一般占位2-3行，两句话，第1句一般是问候或自我介绍，另1句话陈述写信目的，把其他内容放在信的主体部分。首句问候很多学生喜欢写：1.Hello! I am Li Hua.2.Hi! My nam
2、e is Li Hua.3.How is everything going?自我介绍时，切忌只介绍自己是“李华”就戛然而止，而应该提供让对方一看即明的身份信息。只介绍自己是“李华”，属于无效信息，不具备传递信息的功能，因为收信者打开信有可能第一眼会看署名的地方。最好是要根据写信目的告诉对方一些有效信息。I am Li Hua./My name is Li Hua.（无效信息）I am Li Hua, a teenager struggling to learn swimming.（写信目的是希望参加游泳课程，有效信息）Im Li Hua, who is eager to take a swim
3、ming class.（写信目的是希望参加游泳课程，有效信息）还要注意两点：第一、受中文书信写作开头形式的影响，学生使用了英语见面时用来打招呼的口语Hello，将口语用于英语的书信中，这是不合场合的；第二、How is everything going一般用于朋友间见面时候的问候，或用于朋友间书信中的问候语。而对于素未谋面的陌生人。使用How is everything going作为信的开头写给陌生人，就像是主动和陌生人套近乎，搞错了对象。以上两种情况都属于书信交际中言语行为不得体。（2）联系信的背景说明 + 写信目的当收信人是好朋友时，不必介绍自己的身份。信的开头方式就联系写信的背景说明写
4、信目的。Dear Chris,How is everything going?In your last letter, you asked if I could recommend some suitable Chinese books for you toread.Now Im writing to recommend to you A Dream of Red Mansions.Dear Chris,How is everything going?I learn from your advertisement that your instructor could help me acqui
5、re swimming shills in a week.Now I am writing to learn more about your swimming class.Dear Chris,How is everything going?In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friends home.Now I amwriting to inform you of some relevant details.二、尾段结尾段的重要性往往会被忽视。有些考生套用一些所谓的万能模板，但内容并不切题，这会
6、造成无效交际，浪费笔墨。其实，信的结尾同样具有交际功能，其本身也是为交际这一目的而服务的。因此有效的结束方式应该是和主要内容相呼应，并基于主体内容而提出期望。比如，信的主体是对方请求帮助，希望“李华”提建议，结尾就可以这样写：Hopefully my suggestions will live up to your expectations.I cant wait to meet you and talk to you in Chinese.Looking forward to your reply!末段的首句和信的主体内容相连接，回应了上文，Hopefully my suggestions
7、will live up to your expectation.后半部分是李华的美好愿望，再次构建自己考虑周到的形象。又比如，信的主体是对方为了参加某一比赛，向李华了解中国某一节日。If you need more information about the festival, just feel free to ask me.Wish you success in the competition.所以末段第一句话呼应了上文，同时恰当表达情感态度，构建了欢迎对方随时写信咨询的亲和形象；最后祝愿对方比赛成功。信的首末段和信的中间主体段落一样具有传递信息的交际功能，不能简单套用模板敷衍了事，更不
8、能不结合具体情况套用模板使用一些不得体的无效表达。三、主体（拓展内容、增加细节）书信写作的拓展部分是这三部分中学生们最感到困难的部分。拓展信息部分应该根据写作要求或要点对进行主题的拓展。在信息提纲类写作中，考生一定不能简单地翻译或者仅仅完成所给条目的指定内容；在看图作文中更不能只是轻描淡写图片内容，否则很有可能造成内容不充实、词数要求不达标或者结构不连贯等问题。适当增加细节内容，能够使习作流畅，丰满，具体，达到应有的表达效果。下面就如何增加细节提供一些简单实用的方法。技巧1 通过列举或举例such as./like.；for example/instance；.as well as .【例1】
9、 有许多绘画。There were lots of pictures，such as watercolor paintings, traditional Chinese paintings.【例2】 其次，带一个小礼物是个好主意。Second,it is a good idea to bring a small gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.例3 如今，我们中的一些人在校园里养成了一些坏习惯。Nowadays, some of us have formed s
10、ome bad habits on campus.For instance, some students leave the lights on in the daytime; some leave much food on the table after eating.【例4】 这项活动一定会帮助我们反思三年的学校生活。The activity will surely help us reflect on the three years school life as well as look forward to a better journey in the future.技巧2 增加状语
11、成分【例1】 今天我们学校在表演中心举行了一场音乐会。In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival, our school held a concert in the performance center today.（增加目的状语）【例2】赞赏该报优点： 兼顾国内外新闻；介绍名人成功故事First, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply tur
12、ning the pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during the week.Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.（增加结果状语）【例3】 我从小就梦想当老师。I have dreamed of being a teacher since I
13、 was a child, because I think teaching is a sacred profession.（增加原因状语）【例4】 但是，我们许多人都忽略了良好生活习惯的重要性。However,many of us ignore the importance of good living habits by eating junk food and staying up late.（增加方式状语 by doing.）【例5】 我愿意与你分享细节。Knowing youre interested in our coming graduation activity, I woul
14、d like to share the details with you.（动词-ing形式作状语）【例6】 我真希望你能对中国茶有更多的了解。With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching,I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.（with复合结构）技巧3 增加定语从句【例1】 你最好在课前做好充分的准备，并对唐朝的历史有一个简单的了解。Youd better make full preparations before class and have a
15、brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.【例2】 首先，这次展览的主题是环境保护。To begin with,the theme of the show is Environmental Protection,which will be not only meaningful but also interesting.技巧4 增加文化背景【例1】邀外教Lucy去敬老院陪老人过重阳节。Id like to inv
16、ite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.技巧5 增加个人感受、评价、希望、倡议等1.增加个人感受【例1】 虽然这个暑假我觉得很累，但我为我所做的事情感到很高兴。Although I was very tired this summer holiday, I felt very happy for what I did because I got
17、 a knowledge of farming experience.2.增加评价【例2】 我想这样的活动是必要的和有意义的。I think such activities are necessary and meaningful, from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.3.增加希望【例3】 他正在努力学习。He is studying hard in the hope of being admitted to a famous engineering college.4.增加倡
18、议【例4】 我从这次经历中学到的是，爱护和保护我们的社区是我们的责任。What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community.So the chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it.另外，我们可以提醒学生，近年来，高考英语全国卷答题卡应用文区域共有13行。学会合理分配这13行至关重要，因为改卷老师第一眼看的就是考生的卷面结构。从结构上来说，首段和末段不宜长，2到3行就能达到开篇和结束的功能和目的，中间部分最少8行最佳。4
