1、泰晤士河Can you tell what type of map it is?It is an administrative zoning map.行政区域图地形图(topographic map)交通图(traffic map)气候图(weather map)资源图(resource map)administerprime ministeradministrationWhat do the different symbols(e.g,circles,spots)and colours stand for?The small cireles stand for big cities,the
2、red spot stands for the capital and different colours stand for different regions or countries?How many parts(countries)can you see that make up the UK?区域,行政区;领域,界Confucius1.Confucius is a great 2.Confucius policy 政策,方针;原则Confucius 孔子Mencius孟子“Confuci”其实是“孔夫子”的音译，“Menci”则是“孟子”的音译，因为拉丁文中名词有“阳性”、“中性”、
3、“阴性”的区别，孔子、孟子作为男性，他们的名字要加上表示阳性的后缀-us。其他人名也大致按照这个方法翻译，例如明朝天启皇帝的拉丁文名字 Thienkius，崇祯皇帝是Zungchinius，清朝顺治皇帝则被翻译成 Sungteius。明末清初的传教士是第一批给中国人取外文名的翻译家，第二批则是清朝后期，按照韦氏拼音注音的译者。韦氏拼音也叫威妥玛式拼音法，由英国人威妥玛（Thomas Francis Wade）等人在1967年合编的注音规则。这种拼音被普遍用来给中国的人名、地名注音。如孙中山的名字SunYat-sen，北京的译名Peking等。韦氏拼音同样让著名学者闹过笑话，最著名的莫过于“常凯
4、申事件”，知名大学的历史系副主任将蒋介石韦氏拼音的写法ChiangKai-shek翻译成常凯申，从而在网上留下了一个长盛不衰的梗。1958年汉语拼音方案出台后，韦氏拼音在大陆就被废止了，现在只有一些历史比较悠久的商标或者学校校徽上还留下一些痕迹，例如北京大学（Peking University）、清华大学（Tsinghua University）、茅台（Moutai）张裕（Changyu）等。现在要翻译古代人的名字，直接使用汉语拼音就可以了。Do you know QuFu?What do you know about it?曲阜，山东省辖县级市，孔子的故乡，是黄帝生地、神农故都,“东方圣城”
5、大成殿 Learning without reflecting leads to confusion.学而不思则罔Review the old and learn the new.温故而知新。Make no social distinctions in teaching.有教无类。To learn and at due time to repeat what one has learnt,isnt that after all a pleasure?学而时习之，不亦乐乎?Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.己
6、所不欲勿施于人 When seeing a person with high caliber,strive to be his equal.见贤思齐水准1.Confucius knfjus:n.孔子孔子 Temple of Confucius:孔庙孔庙 Confucius Institute:孔子学院孔子学院Confucius 2.mansion n.公馆；宅地公馆；宅地 2.mansion mnn:n.公公馆馆;宅宅第第 Kong Family Mansion:孔孔府府 My grandfather spared no money when he built this mansion.3.c
7、emetery semtri:n.墓墓地地;公墓公墓 tomb tum:n.坟墓坟墓 grave:n.坟墓坟墓 Cemetery of Confucius:孔林孔林 不惜重金 cemetery Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery4.philosophy flsfi:n.哲学哲学 philosopher flsf(r):哲哲学学家家1)Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy.2)Confucius is one of his favourite philosophers.5.desc
8、endant dsendnt:n.后裔后裔;后代后代;子子孙孙1)Confucius has over 3 million descendants.2)As one of Confucius descendants,Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree.descend v.下降The plane began to descend.applicant 申请人 immigrant 移民assistant 助手5.descendant n.后裔；后代；子孙后裔；后代；子孙 ancestor n.祖先祖先 individual adj.单独的：个
9、别的 n.个人in -divide(分)ual(形容词后缀)不能再分了 collective adj.集体的集体的6.individual ndvdul:n.个人个人 adj.单独的单独的;个别的个别的 1)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.2)Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.3)
10、The museum is open to both teams and individuals.阿阿喀琉斯的脚喀琉斯的脚跟跟/之之踵踵zhng阿喀琉斯阿喀琉斯,是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。7.heel hil:n.足跟
11、足跟;(脚脚/袜子袜子/鞋等的鞋等的)后后跟跟 Achilles kili:z heel:(喻喻)(希希腊神腊神话话)阿阿喀琉斯的脚喀琉斯的脚跟跟;致致命的弱点命的弱点1)English is his Achilles heel.2)Lucys Achilles heel is that she cannot believe in others.3)She will buy shoes with a low/high heel.2.Achilles heel 希娜神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟 (比喻)致命的弱点 练：练：Angela is a super scholar,but spoken Engl
12、ish is her Achilles heel.When he gives me advice,I am all ears.他给我提意见时，我他给我提意见时，我_.Sorry,Im all thumbs when I cook.很抱歉我一做饭就很抱歉我一做饭就_.My wife bought a mink coat that cost an arm and a leg.我妻子我妻子_买了一件貂皮大衣。买了一件貂皮大衣。笨手笨脚的笨手笨脚的洗耳恭听洗耳恭听花了一大笔钱花了一大笔钱pull ones leg 开某人的玩笑be all ears 洗耳恭听be all thumbs 笨手笨脚的gre
13、en fingers 园艺技能cost(sb)an arm and a leg 花了一大笔钱see eye to eye 看法一致hit the nail on the head 一针见血Some idioms related to body partWhy do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu?1.be similar to 与与相似相似 _n.相似性相似性similarityAlthough the twins are quite different,they _ each other in several w
14、ays.What _ can you find between them?are similar tosimilarities8.Kingdom n.王国王国,领域领域 the United Kingdom 英国英国;联合王国联合王国emperor 皇帝empire 帝国imperial/mpril/field/area:领领域域9.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的最重要的；最高级别的 the chief/main/major cause/problem/reason主要原因主要原因/问题问题/理由理由 n.(公司或机构的公司或机构的)首领；酋长；大厨首领；酋长；大厨 chiefs（p
15、l.）chefchefs10.puzzle pzl:n.谜谜;智智力游力游戏戏;疑疑问问 v.迷迷惑惑;使使困惑困惑 puzzling:adj.令人迷惑令人迷惑的的/困困惑的惑的 puzzled:adj.(人人感感到到)困困惑惑的的;迷迷惑不解的惑不解的 a word puzzle:字字谜谜1)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.2)What puzzles him is why that movie is so popular.3)These problems w
16、ill puzzle the scientist.4)These problems are puzzling.5)The scientist is puzzled about these problems.6)She had a puzzled look on her face.11.nearby nba:adv.在附近在附近 adj.附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的(常在名词前常在名词前)1)In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.2)Her mother lives
17、in a nearby town.=Her mother lives in a town nearby.3)Though they all live nearby,they dont know each other.12.join.to.把把.和和.连接或联结起来连接或联结起来 joined efforts 共同的努力共同的努力12.join.to.:把把和和连接或联结起来连接或联结起来1)In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.2)The island is jo
18、ined to the mainland(大陆大陆)by a bridge.13.break away(from):脱离脱离;背叛背叛;逃脱逃脱1)Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2)It was wrong for him to break away from a
19、ll his good friends.3)The thief tried to break away from the policeman,but he failed.4)Some people in Taiwan want to break away from the Chinese mainland.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.belong to 属于（无被动，无进行）属于（无被动，无进行）belongings n.所有物，财产，财物所有物，财产，财物 威
20、廉威廉 教授一直告诉他的学生：未来属于受过良好教育的人。教授一直告诉他的学生：未来属于受过良好教育的人。Professor William keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.Lockers are available to store any _ during your visit.The painting _ the gallery dates back to the Ming Dynasty.belongings belonging to as well as 同；和，还as we
21、ll as 连接两个并列句子成分，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与_ 主语保持一致。as well 也，又（常放在句尾，相当于too）前面的前面的English,_Chinese and maths,is of great importance.The famous musician,as well as his students,_(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony last month.as well aswas invited as well as,along with,together with等等连连接的名词或代词作主语接的名词或代词作主
22、语时时,谓谓语动词与语动词与其其前前面的名词或代词保持一致面的名词或代词保持一致。它们的意思。它们的意思是是:“和和”。1)The man,as well as his three children,is going out for hiking this weekend.2)The headmaster together/along with the teachers is discussing this big problem.as well,too,also,either:也也 前三个用于肯定句前三个用于肯定句,either 用于否定句。用于否定句。1)I have been to th
23、e Great Wall as well2)I have been to the Great Wall(,)too3)I have also been to the Great Wall.4)I have not been to the Great Wall either.1.1.某某人突然人突然想想到到2.2.被被打动；深受打动；深受感动感动 3.3.趁热打铁。趁热打铁。4.4.两者兼顾；达到平两者兼顾；达到平衡衡5.5.在罢工在罢工6.6.打击者；罢工者打击者；罢工者a striking image strike-struck-struck-striking(adj.显著的显著的)打打;撞
24、击撞击;罢工罢工;侵袭；侵袭；袭击袭击;突然想到；（钟）敲突然想到；（钟）敲响报时响报时;划划(火柴火柴)It strikes sb.that.be struck by.Strike while the iron is hot.strike a balance between A and B be/go on strike striker 16.currency krnsi:n.通货通货;货币货币 cash:n.现金现金 bill/note:n.纸币纸币 coin:n.硬币硬币Youll need some cash in local currency but you can also use
25、 your credit card.17.military adj.军事的；军用的军事的；军用的take part in military training参加军训参加军训 cemeteryThey use the same flag,known as Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.1.The Great Wall was our main military _ against enemies in ancient times.2.To defend _ disease,we should
26、lead a healthy life.3.She stepped back as if in _(defend).defencefrom/againstdefenceSummaryin defence of 保护保护/保卫保卫.defend from/against 保护保护.免受免受.defend oneself against 为自己辩解为自己辩解军事防御18.defence dfens:n.防御防御;保卫保卫 defend dfend:v.防御防御;保卫保卫 the Department of Defense:国防部国防部1)They use the same flag,known a
27、s the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.2)The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.3)The soldiers have been sent to defend the borders(边境边境).19.legal li:l:adj.法律法律的的;合合法的法的 legally:adv.法律法律上上;合合法地法地 illegal li:gl:adj.不合法不合法的的;违违法的法的 illegally:adv.
28、不不法法地地 law:n.法律法律 【in-im-un-dis-less il-】1)For example,England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.2)Everyone must earn money in the legal way.20.surround srand:v.围围绕绕;包包围围 surrounding:adj.周围的周围的;附近的附近的 surroundings:n.环环境境;周围的事物周围的事物 be surround
29、ed with/by:被被围围绕绕/包包围围1)The police have surrounded the office building.2)The lake is surrounded with/by trees.You will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.adj.surrounding The teacher _(被孩子们包围着被孩子们包围着)_(surround)by lovely Ch
30、ildren,the teacher wore a smile on her face.was surrounded by lovely Children.Summarysurround with.以以.包围包围.be surrounded with/by.被被.包围包围.Surroundedn.surroundings (复数复数)环境环境The absolute best way to learn English is to surround yourself _ it._(surround)by a lot of green trees and flowers,the village h
31、as beautiful _.They climbed upward along the steep cliffs _(surround)the village.All the buildings_ (被灌木包围着被灌木包围着)Surroundedsurroundingssurroundingare surrounded by bushes 巧巧 学学 活活 用用with21.evidence evdns:n.证证据据;证明证明 【不可数名词不可数名词:前面不能加前面不能加an/a,后不能加后不能加s】1)Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will
32、be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.2)We have no evidence to support the case.22.achievement ti:vmnt:n.成就成就;成绩成绩;达达到到 achieve:v.取取得得;获得获得;实现实现;成功成功1)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.2)They
33、are proud of their childrens achievements.3)We must work hard to achieve our goals.23.location lken:n.地地方方;地点地点;位位置置 destination:n.目的目的地地 locate:v.使位于使位于;确定准确定准确地点确地点 be located in/at/to:位位于于;坐坐落在落在 1)The Vikings came in the eighth century,left behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of man
34、y locations across the UK.2)It is a suitable location for a new airport.3)The factory is located at the foot of a hill.24.conquer kk(r):v.占领占领;征服征服;控制控制I believe that we can conquer cancer in the near future.25.battle btl:n.战役战役;搏斗搏斗 v.搏斗搏斗;奋奋斗斗 war:n.战争战争 war -campain -battle -fight1)They conquered
35、 England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.2)With the support of the world,we have the full confidence to win the battle against the virus.3)The doctors battled throughout the night to save the womans life.4)The man battled against cancer for four years.portimportexport26.p
36、ort pt:n.港港口口(城市城市)airport:飞机场飞机场;空港空港 harbour:港口港口;港湾港湾The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.26.fascinating adj.迷人的迷人的 fascinate v.迷住，使着迷迷住，使着迷=extremely charming and attractive a fascinating story/s
37、ubjectAnything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。27.fascinating fsnet:adj.极有吸引力极有吸引力的的;迷迷人的人的1)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions.2)He told some fascinating stories about his life in France
38、.3)Guilin is the most fascinating place that I have ever been to.28.keep your eyes open:留心留心;留留意意1)If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.2)While you are checking the animals,keep your eyes open for any signs of disease.01 free of char
39、gecharge vt.充电；收费，充电；收费，控告控告 n.收费；指控；主管收费；指控；主管免费免费02 in charge of03 take charge of 0405charge sb for sth负责；主管负责；主管(介词词组介词词组)负责；主管负责；主管(动词词组动词词组)由由负责；主管负责；主管因因收某人的费用收某人的费用in the charge of 06charge sb with sth 指控指控某人某事某人某事 She takes charge of the day-to-day running of the business.She is _ the day-to
40、-day running of the business.Our monitor is in charge of our class when our headteacher is out.Our class is _when our headteacher is out.Im not going there again,because they charged me 10 pounds for a cup of coffee.In the car park we could get our car battery charged(charge).The driver was charged
41、with speeding.The ticket is free of charge.in charge of in the charge of our monitor1)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.2)The project(工程工程)is in the charge of Mr.Wang.3)Mr.Wang is in charge of the project.4)He to
42、ok charge of the factory after his fathers death.伦敦特拉法尔加广场;鸽子广场30.announce nans:v.宣宣布布;通知通知;声声称称 announcement:n.通告通告;宣告宣告1)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.2)The government announced that they would build a ne
43、w highway to the mountain.31.amount mant:n.金金额额;数量数量 quantity:数量数量 quality:质量质量1)We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the national Gallery.2)She needs that amount of money to survive.3)He has a large amount of/large amounts of w
44、ork to do every day.(大量大量)gallery32.gallery lri:n.展展览览馆馆;画画廊廊 an art gallery:美术馆美术馆 the National Gallery:国家美术国家美术馆馆1)We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the national Gallery.2)Her pictures are on display at the art gallery.1.Wi
45、nter is approaching.2.With the approach of Christmas,the weather turned colder.3.The approach to the house was a narrow path.4.The best approach to _(learn)a foreign language is reading as much as possible.v.走近；接近；临近走近；接近；临近 n.接近，方法，途径接近，方法，途径an approach to(doing)做某事的方法做某事的方法with the approach of=wit
46、h.approachingIt was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.learning1.Many _ have been adopted to control the spread of COVID-19.2._(approach)the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.3._（随着考试的临近）I began to learn English.ApproachingapproachesWith th
47、e test approaching 巧巧 学学 活活 用用33.approach prt:n.方法方法;途途径径;接近接近;道路道路 v.接近接近;接洽接洽;着手处理着手处理;靠近靠近 an approach to(doing)sth:(做做)什么的方法什么的方法 a method of/for(doing)sth:(做做)什么的方法什么的方法 a way of doing/to do sth:做做什么的方法什么的方法 a manner of doing sth:做什么的方做什么的方法法1)It was hard to approach the painting as there were
48、so many people around.2)As you approach the city,youll see the university on the right.3)We will explore different approaches to gathering information.4)We will adopt different approaches to (solving)the problems.5)Winter is approaching.6)The bank has approached the problems in different ways.34.ens
49、uren(r):v.保保证证;确保确保;担保担保1)She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.2)Your good plan has ensured our success.3)I will ensure that the car arrives at the station by seven oclock.4)Please ensure/make sure that all the lights are turned off when you leave the hall.34.l
50、andscape n.(陆上，犹指乡村的风景陆上，犹指乡村的风景)35.landscape lndskep:n.(陆上陆上/乡乡村村的的)风景风景view:n.景景色色;风景风景scenery:n.风风景景;景色景色sight:n.风风景景;景景象象enjoy the.:欣赏风景欣赏风景watch/see the.:看风看风景景1)Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape,which made it look amazing.2)This is an oil painting of a landscape in autumn
