1、Language pointsLanguage pointskingdom n.王国;领域a country,state,or territory ruled by a king or queenunited kingdom 联合王国(英国)animal kingdom 动物界Example sentence:About 30 years ago,China was known as the“bicycle kingdom”.大约30年前,中国被称为“自行车王国”。Language points chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长a leader or r
2、uler of a people or clan(宗族,氏族)chief executive(主管)行政长官;董事长in chief 主要地,尤其Example sentence:Rice is the chief crop in most southern provinces.稻子是大多数南方省份的主要作物。表“主要的,首要的”,形容词:1.major 主要的,首要的2.main 主要的3.primary 主要的,首要的4.principal 主要的Language points1)be confused by.对对.感到迷惑感到迷惑Para.1 2)what 引导的从句作介词引导的从句作介
3、词by 的宾语,的宾语,what 在从句中作在从句中作 mean的宾语。的宾语。3)if any 如果有什么的话如果有什么的话if there is any difference的省略形式,起加强语气的作用。其它类似表达:if so 如果是这样的话if not 如果不是这样,否则if necessary 如果有必要的话if possible 如果可能的话 A puzzleGetting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史,就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。Exampl
4、e sentences:1)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着旧丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且受益颇多的经历。主语为 Getting to know a little bit about British history动名词动名词(短语短语)作主语,作主语,表示表示经常性、习惯性经常性、习惯性的动作,的动作,谓语动谓语动词词常用常用单数单数。大声朗读对我们学习外语是非常重要的。2)Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a
5、 foreign language.Language pointsLanguage pointspuzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑Example sentences:1)solve a puzzle 解决难题2)be in a puzzle(about).对感到困惑不解3)a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个谜puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的be puzzled at/by/about/with(sb.)对迷惑不解1)我对这事大惑不解。Im in a puzzle about this matter.=This matter
6、 is a puzzle to me.=Im puzzled with/about this matter.2)There was a _ look on her face because a_ problem _ her.她脸上带着困惑的表情,因为一个令人困惑的问题把她难住了。puzzledpuzzling puzzledLanguage pointsnearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近near in position;not far awayEg.1)我在附近的商店买了一些水果。2)我们去附近吃午饭吧。I bought some fruits from a nearby s
7、tore.Lets go to have lunch nearby.译:十六世纪时,邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后,在十八世纪,苏格兰加入了进来,从而诞生了大不列颠王国。Para.2 The origin of its name Language pointsPara.2 The origin of its name join.to.把.和.连接或联结起来join sb.in doing sth.加入某人一起做某事Eg.1)这条公路把我们村和城市连接起来了。2)你愿意和我们一起踢足球吗?The highway joins our village to the city.Would you jo
8、in us in playing football?译:十六世纪时,邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后,在十八世纪,苏格兰加入了进来,从而诞生了大不列颠王国。join to 连接/联结到be joined to.被连接到/并入到.Language pointsEg.1)你可以加一些牛奶到咖啡里。2)4加5等于9。3)我对他的观点没什么补充的。译:十九世纪时,爱尔兰王国加入,一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。add vt.增加,增添;加;补充1)add sth.(to sth.)把.加到.中去2)add A to B A加B3)add to sth.补充You can add some milk
9、to the coffee.If you add 4 to 5,you get 9.I have nothing to add to his opinion.Para.2 The origin of its name Language points译:最后,在二十世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,形成了我们如今所看到的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。break away(from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱;摒除 Para.2 The origin of its name Eg.你应该改掉这样的坏习惯。break in 打断;插话;破门而入(vi.)break into 突然开始;破
10、门而入(vt.)break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发break down 出故障;分解;垮掉 break up 分解;解散;(关系)破裂 You should break away from such bad habits.Language pointsshorten vt.缩短shortened adj.缩短的过去分词形容词化-ed是动词后缀,意为“使具有某种特性”embarrassed 尴尬的interested 感兴趣的touched 受感动的disappointed 沮丧的frightened 害怕的译:大多数人只是使用简称:“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”,这意味着
11、联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。Para.2 The origin of its name Language pointsPara.3 Similarities and differences译:同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,被称为“英国国旗”。1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应Eg.把椅子放回原处。Put the chair back where it belongs.3)a sense of belonging 归属感4)belong to 属于注注:无被动语态无被动语态,不用于进行时不用于进行时,后接名词或代词
12、宾格。后接名词或代词宾格。2)belongings n.(pl.)所有物;财产;行李 personal belongings 个人财务No matter what happens,this island _ _ China.The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their _ when they leave the car.Friendship gives me _.belongs to belongingsa sense of belongingLanguage pointsPara.3 Similarities and diffe
13、rences译:同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,被称为“英国国旗”。as well as 同.一样也;和;还 He plays classic music,_pop and jazz.The volleyball coach,as well as her team,_ _(invite)to this interview.He can speak Spainish _ his teacher.was invited1)作连词,连接两个并列句子成分;连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。2)作介词,相当于besides,
14、in addition to,意为“除.之外”,后接n./v./pron.3)表示比较,意为“和.一样好”。Eg.她既会说英语,也会说法语。She can speak English as well as French.as well as as well asLanguage pointsPara.3 Similarities and differences译:同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗,被称为“英国国旗”。defence n.防御;保卫=defense(美)They took up arms _their country.
15、Children need to know how to _.The Great Wall was once used to_military aggression(侵略).This medicine helps the body _ _some infections.in defence ofdefend themselvesdefend itself1)in defence(of.)保护/保卫;为.辩护2)defend vt.保护/保卫/辩护 defend oneself 自卫,为自己辩护 defend against 抵御 defend sb.from/against 保护某人免受.Eg
16、.进攻是最佳的防御。Attack is the best form of defence.from/againstdefend againstLanguage pointsPara.3 Similarities and differences译:然而,它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如,英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统,比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足球队,出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事!legal adj.法律的,合法的What I did was perfectly legal.我做的事情完全合法。She is a lawful citi
17、zen.她是一位守法公民。It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 18.出售烟草给未成年是违法的。1)legally adv.合法地 illegal adj.违法的,非法的 illegally adv.违法地,非法地2)lawful adj.合法的;法定的注:强调与法律有关的 Language points译:英国历史源远流长、别有趣味,等待你去探索,帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。Para.4 People and eventsLanguage points译:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,
18、这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。Para.4 People and eventssurround vt.围绕;包围1)surround.with.以.包围.be surrounded by/with.被.环绕/包围The village _ the forest.We decided to explore the_ countryside.She felt embarrassed in the unfamiliar _.is surrounded bysurrounding surroundings2)surrounding adj.周围的,附近的3)surroundings n.环境Languag
19、e points译:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。Para.4 People and eventsevidence n.证据;证明vt.证明;表明;作为证明;表明;作为的证据的证据1)There is evidence that.有证据证明.There is_that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.It was_that the policy was a great success._,the policy was a great succes
20、s.evidenceevidentEvidently2)evident adj.明显的,明白的 It is/was evident that.显然 =evidently,.3)evidently adv.明显地,显然Language points译:英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。Para.4 People and eventstake over 接收,接管take 常见的相关短语take in 吸收;吸纳;欺骗take off 起飞;匆匆离开;脱下take on 承担;呈现;开始雇佣take back 收回;接回take do
21、wn 写下;记下;拆掉take to 喜欢;养成习惯;沉溺于take up 拿起;开始从事;占据(时间,地方)Eg.他的儿子将接管这家公司。His son will take over this company.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电 charge sb with(doing)sth 控告某人(做)某事 take charge of.接管/负责 in charge of.负责/主管(主语通常为人)in the charge of.被管理(主语通常为物)Language points译:第一族群是古罗马人,于公元一世纪进入英国。古罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了
22、城镇、修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁撒克逊人,于公元五世纪到达英国。Para.4 People and eventsachievement n.成就;成绩;达到 That surely gave us _.那无疑给了我们很大的成就感。He has_ many fields.他已经在许多领域取得了巨大的成就。It is evidnet that the only way to_ _is to work hard.显然,获得成功的唯一途径就是辛勤付出。1)a sense of achievement 成就感 make great achievements in 在取得巨大成就2)achieve vt.完
23、成;达到 vi.成功 achieve ones success获得成功 achieve ones goal 达到目标a sense of achievementmade great achievements inachieve ones successLanguage pointsPara.4 People and events译:他们引进了英语的雏形,并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来,留下了诸多新的词汇,并给英国境内的许多地方命名。location n.地方;地点;位置1)locate vt.找出的准确位置;把安置在(建造于)2)be located in/at/on 位于
24、3)local adj.当地的 n.当地人 Up to now,they havent decided on the_ of the new building yet.Rescue planes are trying to_the missing sailors.Wuhan City _the center of China.My grandpa watches the _news on TV everyday.location locate is located inlocalLanguage pointsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑
25、斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。conquer vt.占领;征服;控制conquer sb.(比赛、赛跑等中)击败;战胜conquer sth.(成功地)对付;克服;控制Eg.克服恐惧的唯一方法是正视恐惧。The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.battle n.战役;搏斗 vt.&vi.搏斗;奋斗battle for.为.斗争battle against/with 与.战斗Eg.两位领导人正在争夺政府控制权。The two leaders ar
26、e battling for control of the goverment.Language pointsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。had castles built 建造了城堡have sth.done,意为“让某事被做”,过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。Eg.1)我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.2)你什么时候交家庭作业?When
27、will you have your homework handed in?3)我昨天理发了。4)这位病人准备(让人)量体温。I had my hair cut yesterday.The patient is going to have his temperature taken.Language pointsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。1)have+宾语+宾补(done)表示“请/让/别人做某事”。表示
28、“经历或遭遇(一些不好的事)”。表示“完成/解决某事”,主语也可能是过去分词所表示动作的执行者。Eg.Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.I had my wallet stolen yesterday.I had my homework handed in this morning.别担心,我会让Tom帮你完成工作。我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。你让我整天坐在这里。别让我等久了。2)have sb.do 让某人做某事(一次性动作)do 与 sb.是主动关系3)have sb.doing 让/叫/使某人一直做某事 doing与sb.是主动关系Dont worry.I
29、ll have Tom help you finish the work.Language pointsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。My mom have me clear my room.You have me sitting here all day.Dont have me waiting for long.Eg.我们不能让他们喝了酒然后去工作。我不能容许他把自己的观点强加于我。We cant hav
30、e them drinking wine and going to work.I cant have him forcing his view on me.Language pointsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。4)have 表示“允许,容忍”,常置于will not,can not等之后,构成“wont/cant have sb.doing sth.意为“不允许某人做某事”。Language point
31、sExerciseIll have my room _(decorate)this summer because it is a little bit old.I wont have you _(make)the same mistake again and again.When his mother had him _(do)his homework,he decided to have his light _(burn)all night to pretend he was working hard.Unfortunately,Mr Smiths house was broken into
32、 last week.(用have sth.done 改写)decoratedmakingdoburningUnfortunately,Mr Smith had his house broken into last week.He didnt want to enter into this debate.Lets not enter into details at this stage.China will not enter into alliance with any big power.Eg.他不想卷入这场战争。我们现阶段不要讨论细节问题。中国不同任何大国联盟。Language poin
33、tsPara.4 People and events译:最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。enter into成为.的一部分;影响;进入;研讨Adventures make me happy.He always makes me laugh.Mike is made to work for 12 hours a day.We made him our monitor.Language pointsPara.5 The UK is worth visting.译:英
34、国的历史文化引人入胜,可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史,你的英国之旅将更加愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是个不错的选择,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。主语主语为为 Studying the history of the countrymake+make+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(形容词形容词)意为意为“让某人让某人/某物某物.”.”1)冒险使我快乐。2)他总能使我笑。3)Mike 被迫一天工作12个小时。4)我们选他为我们的班长.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事be made to do sth.被迫做某事make sb.+n.让某人成为Language
35、 pointsPara.5 The UK is worth visting.译:英国的历史文化引人入胜,可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史,你的英国之旅将更加愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是个不错的选择,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。as 引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句意为意为“由于,鉴于,因为由于,鉴于,因为”1)As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.天气太糟糕了,我们不得不推迟旅行。2)Any new source of energy will be welcome,as there is a s
36、hortage of petroleum(石油).由于石油短缺,任何新能源都将受到欢迎。all the way 一直一直date back to=date from 上溯至上溯至Eg.这一传统可以追溯到公元前300年。The tradition could date back to 300 BC.Language pointsPara.5 The UK is worth visting.译:英国的历史文化引人入胜,可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史,你的英国之旅将更加愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是个不错的选择,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。that has a hist
37、ory.为为that引导定语从句,引导定语从句,修饰修饰 an ancient port citydating all the way back to.为为现在分词短语作后置定语现在分词短语作后置定语修饰修饰 a historyEg.There are about 200 students studying in the art school.有大约200名学生在这所艺术学校学习。Eg.She is the only person that solves this math problem.她是唯一能解开这道数学难题的人。Language pointsPara.5 The UK is wort
38、h visting.译:市内可供浏览的历史遗址数不胜数,还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国,历史与现代文化交融,新旧传统并存,引人入胜。用心去观察,英国的过去和现在都将展示在你面前,令你叹为观止。countless adj.无数的,数不尽的无数的,数不尽的historic adj.历史性,有历史意义的,历史性,有历史意义的,侧重重大历史意义侧重重大历史意义/价值的价值的historical adj.历史上的,历史学的,历史上的,历史学的,侧重与历史有关的侧重与历史有关的relic n.遗物,遗迹,废墟遗物,遗迹,废墟(如历史如历史/文化文化/传统传统)heritage n.遗产,继
39、承权遗产,继承权(如文化如文化/权利权利/手艺手艺)all over the UK 全英国全英国all over the China 全中国全中国fascinating adj.极有吸引力的,迷人的极有吸引力的,迷人的fascinate vt.使着迷使着迷 fascination n.魅力魅力a mix of.的混合的混合Language pointsPara.5 The UK is worth visting.译:市内可供浏览的历史遗址数不胜数,还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国,历史与现代文化交融,新旧传统并存,引人入胜。用心去观察,英国的过去和现在都将展示在你面前,令你叹为观
40、止。keep your eyes open(for)留心留心;留意留意keep an eye on 照看照看;照管照管;留心留心Eg.1)如果你能留心点,你能学到很多。If you keep your eyes open,you can learn a great deal.keep up 坚持;维持keep up with 跟上;了解;保持联系keep off 挡住;(使)避开keep on 继续(干);坚持(干)keep back 退缩;隐瞒;阻止keep sb.from(doing)sth.阻止某人做某事keep out 把.关在外面;阻止;不让参加Language pointsPara
41、.5 The UK is worth visting.译:市内可供浏览的历史遗址数不胜数,还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国,历史与现代文化交融,新旧传统并存,引人入胜。用心去观察,英国的过去和现在都将展示在你面前,令你叹为观止。Eg.1)You might be surprised to know that British people love tea.英国人喜欢喝茶,你或许会感到些许惊讶。be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事很惊奇地做某事2)听到这消息,我很惊讶。I was surprised to hear the news.Discovering
42、Useful Structures作定语作定语作宾语补足语作宾语补足语Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法过去分词作定语和宾语补足语定语6.Mother made a birthday cake for me4.Lucys father is a strong man5.We belong to the third world.3.My brother is a teacher.2.They live in the room above.1.Its a red car(形容词)(副词)(代词)(数词)(名词所有格/形容词)(名词)定语宾语补足语带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:带有宾
43、语补足语的一般句型为:+直接宾语(名直接宾语(名词或代词)词或代词)+宾语补足语宾语补足语Everyone calls him Tom.(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)(主语主语)(谓语谓语)宾语补足语一般放在宾语宾语补足语一般放在宾语_,对宾语对宾语_的作用。的作用。1.Most people just use the shortened name 2.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,3.They had castles built all around England,作作定语定语作作定语定语作作宾补宾补Part OnePast Par
44、ticiple as the Attributive(过去分词用作过去分词用作定语定语)过去分词作定语注意过去分词做注意过去分词做定语定语时的意义时的意义1.不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示作定语,表示动作已完成动作已完成,不表被动意义。,不表被动意义。eg.fallen leaves 落叶落叶 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师 the risen sun 升起的太阳升起的太阳2.及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示作定语,表示被动意义被动意义或或已完成的被动动作已完成的被动动作。eg.an honored guest 一位受尊敬
45、的客人一位受尊敬的客人 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题1.单个的过去分词作单个的过去分词作定语定语时,位于它所修饰的名词时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词或代词_前面前面注意过去分词做注意过去分词做定语定语的位置的位置 The lighted candles were burning brightly there were lots of fallen leaves.a lighted candle一支点燃的蜡烛a used stamp一枚用过的邮票一个醉鬼(drink)a drunk maneg.Is this the book re
46、commended by the teacher?2.过去分词短语作定语:通常过去分词短语作定语:通常_,其作用相当于,其作用相当于定语从句定语从句。后置后置注意过去分词做注意过去分词做定语定语的位置的位置=Is this the book(which is)recommended by the teacher?Have a try!The player _ is Yao Ming.这个这个被很多人喜爱的被很多人喜爱的运动员叫姚明运动员叫姚明。loved by many people=The player _ _ _ by many people is Yao Ming.whois loved
47、ExercisePast Participles as the Attribute(1)Past Participles as the Attribute(2)tiredorganiseddressed注:像well-organised,well-balanced,hand-made等复合形式或 前面有副词修饰时,一般置于被修饰词前作前置定语。Part TwoPast Participle as Object Complement(过去分词用作过去分词用作宾语补足语宾语补足语)过去分词作宾补1.表示表示感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如:的动词。如:watch,observe,see,
48、hear,listen to,feel,notice,find等。等。(1)When we got to school,we saw the door locked.V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况:作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况:当我们到学校时,我们看见门锁着。当我们到学校时,我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。回到家他发现家被盗。(2)He found his house broken into when he got back home.2)Martin saw a girls wallet_(steal)by a man马丁看见一个女孩的钱包被一个男人偷了。马丁看见一个女孩的钱包
49、被一个男人偷了。Exercisestolen1)He found himself _by some strangers.他发现自己被一些陌生人包围了。他发现自己被一些陌生人包围了。surrounded cutJack had his hair _ yesterday.(cut)Observe the rules of the past participleThe girls are having their eyesight _.(examine)examined(1)Youd better keep the guests seated.(2)Were having our car repai
50、red.(3)Im trying to get this article finished.(4)She had to shout to make herself heard.2.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词。如:意义的动词。如:have,make,get,keep等。等。3.表示表示“希望、愿望、命令希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。如:意义的动词。如:want,expect,would like,wish,order等。等。(1)The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老板老板此刻此刻不想讨论这个问题。不想讨论这个问