1、Discovering Useful StructuresBy the end of this period,you will be able to1.identify and analyze the usage of infinitives as adverbials and attributes;2.master the usage of infinitives as adverbials and attributes through self-study and practice.3.use infinitives to describe space facts and efforts
2、to explore space.What Powers a Spacecraft?Spacecraft have instruments to help them take pictures and collect information in space.But they need electricity to power those instruments and send the information back to Earth.Where does the power come from?Lead-in What Powers a Spacecraft?A spacecraft g
3、enerally gets its energy from at least one of three power sources:the Sun,batteries or unstable atoms.To choose the best type of power for a spacecraft,engineers consider where it is traveling,what it plans to do there and how long it will need to work.Lead-in Lead-in Mystery creates wonder and wond
4、er is the basis of mans desire to understand.Neil ArmstrongTo succeed,you must accept all the challenges,cant just accept the ones you like.Mike GaffkaInfinitives as adverbials and attributes1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot._ 2.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be h
5、ealthy and calm in order to work in space._ Observe and analyze Task 1 Read the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.Then figure out their functions and meanings.in order that I could fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.in order that he/she can work in space.infinitives as adverb
6、ials to express purposes3.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree._ 4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space._ 5.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space._ Observe and analyze
7、so that you could get a related college degree.their dream which was to explore space.infinitive as the adverbial to show the result the first person in the world who went into space.infinitives as attributes to modify sth.Summary 1 不定式(to do)的功能和意义：可作状语，表目的或结果，多可转化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；为强
8、调目的，可用 in order to/so as to。可作定语，起修饰或限定作用，可转化为定语从句。Task 2 Find more examples from the text and figure out their functions.People have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard to find answers.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the un
9、iverse.They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space.(adverbial)(attribute;adverbial)(adverbial)(adverbial)Task 2 Find more examples from the text and figure out their fun
10、ctions.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by th
11、e vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.After that,China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.(attribute)(attribute)(adverbial)(adverbial)Task 2 Find more examples from the text and figure out their functions.This signalled one step fu
12、rther in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.More recently,China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.Europe,the US,and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.(attribute)
13、(adverbial)(attribute)l work hard to find answers l carry brave people into space to find out the secrets l launched Voyager 1 to study deep space l sent Change 4 to explore the surface l launched Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.l being sent to the moon to study its surface l be healthy and calm in order
14、 to work in space.infinitives as adverbials to express purposesSummarize the uses of infinitives.l are suitable enough to support life.l be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.infinitives as adverbials to show results:be+adj.+enough to do Summarize the uses of infinitives.Summarize th
15、e uses of infinitives.l vehicles to carry brave people into space l the desire to explore the universe never died.l Chinas plan to establish a space station l plans to study and explore planets l their dream to explore space l the third country to send humans into space l the first person to go into
16、 space.infinitives as attributes to modify sth.Summary 2不定式作定语：起修饰或限定作用，可转化为定语从句；可修饰名词、数词、代词等，常置于被修饰词后；多表示将来的动作；后接不定式作定语的名词有：desire,dream,plan,goal 等。Summary 3不定式作状语：可以表示目的或结果，多可转化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果)Interviewer:you also had to study
17、 a lot,too,right?Mr Yang:Yes,I had to learn English,science,and astronomy.I also had to practice using space equipment,and do a lot of mental and physical training.It was very tiring,but I was so proud to have the opportunity.Learn more about infinitives as adverbials.infinitive as the adverbial to
18、give the reason Summary 4 不定式作状语：可以表示目的或结果，多可转化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果)be+proud/pleased/+to do(表原因表原因)Learn from the examples.1.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space._2.In space,astronauts collect all
19、dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use._ the first person to get married in space.collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.Task 3 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to”.Change the italicised parts accordingly.3.Mankind has always been curious
20、about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._4.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy._ 5.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down wh
21、ile working in space because everything would float off otherwise._6.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control._ .many people have the dream to fly into space one day.so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay healthy.whil
22、e working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.To make the expressions more concise and the logical relationship closer.1.Q:Why is Yang Liwei famous in China?A:Because he is_.(第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2.Q:How do
23、you feel about the film 2001:A Space Odyssey?A:Im afraid the film is_.(太长太乏味而无法看完).3.Q:Why was the Russian space station Mir(和平号空间站)brought down out of orbit?A:One of the reasons is that Mir was too old and _.(不再是安全的居所).the first Chinese astronaut to go into spacetoo long and boring for me to finish
24、no longer a safe place to live inTask 4 Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.4.Q:Would you like to travel into space some day?A:Yes,and I want to become_.(登陆火星的第一个中国人).5.Q:Could you provide a simple introduction to how space rockets work?A:Im afraid the whole pr
25、ocess is_.(太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚).the first Chinese to land on Marstoo complicated to explain in a few wordsTask 4 Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.Summary 5不定式作状语：可以表示目的或结果，多可转化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果
26、)be+proud/pleased/+to do(表原因)be+proud/pleased/+to do(表原因表原因)Infinitives做主语不定式置于句首 To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To make up for lost time is not possible.To lean out of the window is dangerous.To save money now seems impossible.用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 Its our duty to take good care of
27、 the old.How long did it take you to finish the work?It seemed impossible to save money.作宾语 I happen to know the answer to your question.The question is how to put it into practice.I find it difficult to learn English well.作补语 Father will not allow us to play on the street.We believe him to be guilt
28、y.The book is believed to be uninteresting.作定语一般置于被修饰词之后用作后置定语 Scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an
29、easy goal to achieve.Jessie got a new toy to play with.She has no friend to depend on.作状语可以表示目的、结果或原因等 Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of the universe.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.You must be intelligent enough to get a related colle
30、ge degree.Im afraid the whole process is too complicate to explain in a few words.We were surprised to find that he had already left.1.The space shuttle(航天飞机)was created as a reusable launch vehicle _ astronauts and other equipment into space and back again.The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane b
31、ut it has a cargo bay(货仓)that is large enough_ a satellite.2.Space probes(航天探测器)are often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human_foot in.For example,in 1977,the Voyager 1 space probe was sent_pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter.Task 5 Complete the sentences using th
32、e correct forms of the words in the box.to carryto holdto setto takehold build provide live set carry select fall take launch 3.The International Space Station was too big_on Earth and _ into space,so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules(分 离舱).Afterwards,these modules were
33、 joined together in space_ living quarters,laboratories,and other equipment for astronauts_for months.4.As the first woman_to make a trip into space,Tereshkova felt lucky and proud.When the great day finally came,she was almost too excited _ asleep.Task 5 Complete the sentences using the correct for
34、ms of the words in the box.to buildto launchto provideto liveselectedhold build provide live set carry select fall take launchto fall On 17 October 2016,Chinas space agency launched the Shenzhou 11 space vehicle _(connect)with the Tiangong 2 space laboratory.The vehicle carried the astronauts Jing H
35、aipeng and Chen Dong.The connection between Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 took about two hours to be completed.The astronauts had many tasks_(do)in space as part of their mission.Firstly,they had to float through a narrow 80-centimeter wide tube so as _(get)on board Tiangong 2.Once safely on board,the
36、pair waved to the camera on Tiangong 2,_(send)greetings to everyone back home.Then they performed various experiments.For example,they grew rice in space.They also gave themselves medical check-ups_(see)how their bodies were affected by _(be)in space.Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong finally returned to Ea
37、rth 30 days later,_(make)their space mission the longest such mission by Chinese astronauts to date.Task 6 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.to connectto doto getto sendto seebeingmaking 1.Jennifer Mauer became the first in her large family _(earn)a bachelors degre
38、e.2._(test)the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments.3.Please go to the government websites _(learn)more about the program.4.Whatever your age or interests,Buxton has something _(see)or do to make your visit truly memorable.5._(enjoy)the convenience of
39、 digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.I.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.to earnTo testto learnto seeTo enjoy Practice Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).One of the problems
40、is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)the current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although light is the fastest thing _(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists
41、figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through
42、 space.II.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.to achieveusingto getknownto storeto help 1.recycle vt.回收利用；再利用回收利用；再利用recycle bin 回收站回收站internal recycle 内部循环内部循环塑料袋每年会导致塑料袋每年会导致100,000海洋动海洋动物死亡，因为这些动物常常把塑物死亡，因为这些动物常常把塑料袋误当食物吞下去，因此，如料袋误当食物吞下去，因此，如果你一定要用塑料袋，一定要在果你一定要用塑料
43、袋，一定要在超市垃圾箱回收塑料袋。超市垃圾箱回收塑料袋。Plastic bags cause the deaths of 100,000 Marine animals each year when the animals mistake them for food,so if you must use them,always recycle them in the bin at your supermarket.Language Points2.lack n.缺乏；短缺缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏没有；缺乏for lack of have no lack oflack sth.lack of
44、faith因缺乏因缺乏;因缺少因缺少不缺乏；不缺少不缺乏；不缺少缺乏某物缺乏某物不信教，不信神不信教，不信神 Language Pointsof1.The flowers failed for lack _ rain.2.Lack _ sleep blunted her thinking.3.They _ the force of conviction.oflack Language Points3.otherwise adv.否则；要不然否则；要不然or otherwiseotherwise thanand otherwise或相反；或其反面或相反；或其反面不像；除不像；除外外等等等等 La
45、nguage Pointsor1.Only by saving will you have money in the bank _ otherwise invested.2.I know him otherwise _ in business.3.In the kindergarten,the children learn singing,dancing,drawing _ otherwise.thanand Language Points不合理的；不理智的不合理的；不理智的无法控制无法控制无容置疑无容置疑无法达到；超出无法达到；超出的能力之外的能力之外4.beyond prep.在更远处；超
46、出在更远处；超出无与伦比无与伦比出乎意料出乎意料超出超出范围范围beyond all reasonbeyond controlbeyond doubtbeyond the reach ofbeyond wordsbeyond challengebeyond expectationbeyond the scope ofbeyond难以言表难以言表 Language Points老师教我们超越我们原以为只能够到达的地方。老师教我们超越我们原以为只能够到达的地方。The teacher teaches us to push beyond where we thought we could go.Yo
47、u cannot judge any man beyond your knowledge of him,and how small is your knowledge.你判断一个人不可能超过你对他的了解，而你的了解又你判断一个人不可能超过你对他的了解，而你的了解又是多么肤浅。是多么肤浅。Language Points气流气流上升气流上升气流电池电流电池电流流动资产流动资产5.current adj.当前的；现在的当前的；现在的 n.水流；电流；思潮水流；电流；思潮air currentascending air currentbattery currentcurrent assetcurren
48、t Language Points在这个系统中，当前不存在任何瓶颈。在这个系统中，当前不存在任何瓶颈。There are no current bottlenecks at all on this system.Language Points对对足够足够绰绰有余绰绰有余睡眠充足睡眠充足充要条件充要条件6.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的足够的，充足的be sufficient formore than sufficientsufficient sleepingnecessary and sufficient conditionsufficient Language Points一般
49、说来，一般说来，5天的课堂培训对于一个已熟悉企业开发环境天的课堂培训对于一个已熟悉企业开发环境的应用程序开发者来讲是足够的。的应用程序开发者来讲是足够的。Typically,five days of classroom training is sufficient for application developers who are already familiar with enterprise application development.Language Points你们将不得不和越来越多的精神疾病以及其他各种各样你们将不得不和越来越多的精神疾病以及其他各种各样的问题作斗争。的问题作斗
50、争。You will have to deal with higher rates of mental illness and every other kind of problem.He isnt a mental patient but he is always mental hospital,because he is a doctor.他不是一名精神病人但他经常在精神病医院，因为他他不是一名精神病人但他经常在精神病医院，因为他是一名医生。是一名医生。Language Points7.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白Maybe well figure _ h
