1、Attributive clause 定语从句定语从句必修1 U41.关系代词引导的定语从句基本用法(which/that/who/whom/whose/as)+主谓一致）2.关系代词引导的定语从句特殊用法（用as的情况/只能用Which/只能用that/只能用who)必修1 U51.关系副词引导的定语从句基本用法（区分关系副词和代词）(where/when/why)2.特殊用法（抽象名词与where;介词+关系代词和关系副词之间的转换）必修2 U11.非限制性定语从句的用法（特别是as的用法）高考考什么高考考什么定语从句是高考的重点和热点，考点主要集中在以下几个方面：定语从句是高考的重点和热
2、点，考点主要集中在以下几个方面：正确使用正确使用关系代词关系代词(which，that，who，whom，whose，as)和和关系副词关系副词(when，where，why)介词介词 which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句that不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句语法脉图We had an unforgettable military training which left a deep impression on us.Leading in定语从句定语从句We had an unforgettable military training which left a d
3、eep impression on us.在复合句中在复合句中,修饰修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的从句叫从句叫。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫。引导定语从句的引导定语从句的连词连词叫叫。先行词先行词关系词关系词2.引导定语从句引导定语从句1.代替先行词代替先行词3.充当从句中充当从句中的成分的成分定语从句两个必备因素：定语从句两个必备因素：关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词when,where,whythat，who,which,whom,whose,as关系词关系词在从句中做在从句中做主语、主语、宾语、表语或定语宾语、表语或定语在从句中做在从句中做状语状语一
4、一.关系代词在定从中的用法关系代词在定从中的用法指指人人、物物，在从句中做，在从句中做主语主语或或宾语宾语，做宾语时可省做宾语时可省.1.that：The man that has made some good movies is Zhang Yimou.Theyre talking about the film (that)Ive seen.2.who：指指人人，在从句中做，在从句中做主语主语、宾语或表语宾语或表语，做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略The boy who is handsome is Harry Potter.The couple(who)we met on holiday se
5、nt us a card.指指人人，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做宾语宾语，有时可，有时可省略，可用省略，可用who代替。代替。3.whom:The man whom/who we saw yesterday is my boss.昨天我们看到的那个人是我老板。昨天我们看到的那个人是我老板。u注意：注意：作作介词的宾语介词的宾语只能用只能用whom,不能用不能用who代替，代替，且不能省略。且不能省略。I know the girl whom/who the teacher is speaking to.I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaki
6、ng.指指物物，在从句中做，在从句中做主语主语或或宾语宾语，做宾语时做宾语时可省略可省略4.which：China is a country.It has a long history.China is a country which has a long history.（主语）（主语）This is a book.You need it for the exam.This is the book(which)you need for the exam.（宾语，可省）（宾语，可省）指指人、物人、物，在从句中做，在从句中做定语定语5.whose：Do you know the girl who
7、se bag is red?你认识那个背的袋子是红色的女孩吗？你认识那个背的袋子是红色的女孩吗？指指人、物人、物，在从句中做，在从句中做主语、宾语主语、宾语6.as：We should learn as many survival skills as we can to protect ourselves.We should reduce the same mistake as we made before.However,there are so many people as we did not expect still not taking disasters seriously.当先行
8、词前有当先行词前有such/so/as/the same,such/so/as/the same,关系代词常用关系代词常用as as Translate the sentences and find out the differences！This is the same phone that I broke last week.This is the same phone as I broke last week.这就是上个星期我摔坏的一部手机。（这部这就是上个星期我摔坏的一部手机。（这部=上个星期摔坏的那部上个星期摔坏的那部）当先行词被当先行词被the samethe same修饰时，可以
9、用修饰时，可以用that that 引导表示引导表示同一物同一物这部手机和上个星期我摔坏的那部手机是一样的，是同一类。这部手机和上个星期我摔坏的那部手机是一样的，是同一类。当先行词被当先行词被the samethe same修饰时，用修饰时，用as as 引导表示引导表示同一类型，但不是同一个同一类型，但不是同一个关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词关系代词先行词先行词subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）指人指人指物指物whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略asu定语从句解题四步骤：
10、定语从句解题四步骤：1.找出先行词找出先行词 2.把先行词把先行词代入从句代入从句中中 3.分析先行词分析先行词在定语在定语从句中的成分从句中的成分（做主语、宾语、定语或状语？）（做主语、宾语、定语或状语？）4.选择合适的关系词替换进去选择合适的关系词替换进去。一找一找 二代二代 三分析三分析 四替换四替换1.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.The girl _ I met is Lucy.3.I have a room _ window faces south.4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday.
11、5.I like the person _ you just talked.who/thatwho/whom/that/不填不填whosethat/which/不填不填to whom一、一、that 和和 which用法的区别用法的区别that和和which 都可以指都可以指物物，在句，在句中做中做主语或宾语主语或宾语。只用只用that不用不用which的情况的情况 只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(1)在介词后面。在介词后面。Im looking for a box in which I can put all these eggs.我在寻找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的箱子。我在寻
12、找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的箱子。This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.1、指物时只用、指物时只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.on whichwhich1 Do you have anything _you want to say for yourself?2 This is the very book _Im looking for.3 This is the be
13、st _has been used against pollution.4 What is the first American film _you have seen?5 I know the things and persons_he referred to.6 Which is the bike_you lost?7 This is the fastest train _ there is to Beijng.8 China is not the country_ it was.2、指物时只用、指物时只用that不用不用which的情况的情况(1)先行词为先行词为不定代词不定代词或或被不
14、定代词修饰被不定代词修饰时时:anything，nothing,all,everything,something,little,much,all，few，any等等(2)先行词有先行词有the only，the very修饰时修饰时(3)先行词为先行词为序数词序数词、形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时修饰时(4)先行词先行词既有人既有人，又有物又有物时时(5)在以在以which,who,whom引起的问句引起的问句中，中，为避免重复，常用为避免重复，常用that。(6)在在there be 句型中句型中(7)关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作表语表语时时2、指物时只用、指物时只用that
15、不用不用which的情况的情况二、指人时只能用二、指人时只能用who的情况的情况that和和who 都可以指都可以指人人，在句中做在句中做主语或宾语主语或宾语。One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.He _ does no
16、t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.whowhowhowho用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：1.当先行词为人称代词当先行词为人称代词he，she，they时；时；2.当先行词为指人的不定代词当先行词为指人的不定代词one,ones,anyone,no one,all,those时；时；3.当先行词为当先行词为person,people时时who定语从句中的主谓一致问题1.1.关系代词在从句中作关系代词在从句中作主语主语时，定语从句的时，定语从句的谓语动词谓语动词要和要和_保持一致。保持一致。The old town has The old
17、 town has narrow streets and small houses narrow streets and small houses that_that_（bebe）built close to each other.built close to each other.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近 Im fond of Im fond of that Piece of music that Piece of music which _which _（bebe）popular with popular with the teenage
18、.the teenage.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。先行词的数先行词的数are are is is one of+one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(复数谓语复数谓语)the the only only one of+one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(单数谓语单数谓语)2 2 He is one ofHe is one of the students who_(have)a good command _(have)a good command of French.of French.他是精通法语的学生之。他是精通法语的学生之。
19、(the studentsthe students为先行词为先行词)He is He is the only one the only one of the students of the students who_(have)a good _(have)a good command of Fmand of French.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。他是学生中唯一精通法语的。(the only onethe only one为先行词为先行词)havehavehashas1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my grea
20、t-grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the county.4.Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used
21、to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.P52.Exercise Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupte
22、d.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the county.4.Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.P52.Exercise Find and underline the restrictive relati
23、ve clauses in the sentences below.指物，做宾语指物，做宾语指人，做主语指人，做主语指物，做主语指物，做主语指人，做定语指人，做定语指人，做宾语指人，做宾语1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.whosewhoComplete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom
24、or/.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.有些人的房子被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。P52 Exercise 3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings_ _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _mother was
25、 lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.which/thatwhosethat or/第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _saved several other students trapped under buildings?who/th
26、atwhom这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的年轻男孩吗？Complete the passage with that,which,who,whose,or prep+whom.The people(1)_ live in Wenchuan county Will never forget the day 12 May,2008.The 8.0-magnitude earthquake(2)_killed over 80,000 people and left many more injured turned many towns and counti
27、es into ruins.The rescue work(3)_followed was carried out by people from all over the country,and even abroad.which/thatwhich/thatwho 课本 P56T2 Now more than10 years on,the people(4)_ suffered the earthquake are living a new life.Many live in new towns(5)_ are earthquake-safe,in local communities(6)_
28、 have been beautifully rebuilt by the government.The people will never forget those(7)_ rescued them and helped them rebuild their home.Out of gratitude,many young adults(8)_ were students during the earthquake have chosen to study medicine or join the army in a wish to help more people.Wenchuan,the
29、 county(9)_was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt,has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.who/thatwhowhich/thatwhich/thatwhowhich/that二二.关系副词在定从中的用法关系副词在定从中的用法whwhen en 引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示时间时间的名词的名词,如如“time“time 时代，时代，时间时间”，morning,day,week,month,yearmorning,day
30、,week,month,year，date,momentdate,moment等等，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中作 _ _,_,相当于相当于 。Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.on which时间状语时间状语“介词介词+which+which”wherewhere 引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点地点的名词的名词,在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 _ _,_,相当于相当于 。This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.in
31、which地点状语地点状语“介词介词 +which+which”Where引导定语从句的先行词一般是表示引导定语从句的先行词一般是表示具体地点具体地点的名词，的名词，如如place,room,house,school,building，factory等。等。This is the school where I used to stay.这就是我曾经待过的学校。u注意：注意：有的先行词不是具体的地点名词，而是有的先行词不是具体的地点名词，而是抽象的地点名词抽象的地点名词，如：，如：position(位置位置,境地境地),stage(阶段阶段),situation(环境环境),case(情况情况)
32、,occasion(场合场合)，activity,point(地步地步),atmosphere(氛围氛围)，spot(地点地点)等。等。Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.The spot where the accident happened is the turning point of the road.Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job.whywhy引导的定语从句修饰先
33、行词引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reasonreason,在从句中作在从句中作 ,相当于相当于 。There are many reasons why people like traveling.for which原因状语原因状语“for+which”指代的指代的先行词先行词所做成分所做成分when时间时间Adverbial（状语）（状语）where地点地点why原因原因关系副词关系副词u 当先行词为当先行词为the/a way(方式方式),表示方式状语时,关系词可以使用可以使用in which/that/省略省略.因为在英语中没有专门表示“方式”的关系副词，因此，表示方式状语时，使用in wh
34、ich=in the way(通过某种方式)，that在这里作为关系副词，相当于in which。This is the way in which he studies English.This is the way that he studies English.This is the way he studies English.特殊的关系副词特殊的关系副词 that这就是他学习英语的方式。Practice!When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the
35、 grammar would not stay in my head.I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country German was spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.where whe
36、re 课本 P64 T3Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.Practice!And I remember that day I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a place I could think in this foreign language,and I could see
37、the world from a different point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal I had been fighting for.I could open a book and see meanings,not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks,Mum!whenwhenwhy why(that/which)(that/which)where where 课本 P
38、64 T3注意：注意：并非先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的词时，都并非先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的词时，都选用关系副词选用关系副词when,where,why,而是要而是要先判断先判断先行词先行词在从句中是在从句中是做状语做状语还是还是主语宾语主语宾语。Compare the following sentences This is the factory I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。visit 是及物动词，需要接宾语，the factory 放在从句中做visit的宾语，故选择指代物的关系代词which/that，且可以省略。This is the fa
39、ctory I used to work.这是我曾经工作过的那家工厂。work 是不及物动词，不需要接宾语，the factory 放在从句中做地点状语，故选择指代地点状语的关系副词where或 in which。(which/that)(which/that)where/in which where/in which Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。spent是及物动词，需要接宾语，the days放在从句中做spent 的宾语，故选择指代物的关系代词which/that，且可以省略。Ill nev
40、er forget the days _ we worked together.我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。work 是不及物动词，不需要接宾语，the days 放在从句中做 时间状语，故选择指代地点状语的关系副词when或 in which。(which/that)(which/that)when/in which when/in which I wont listen to the reason you gave us.我不听你给我提供的那个理由。give sb.sth.接双宾语，the reason 放在从句中做give的直接宾语，故选择指代物的关系代词which/that，且
41、可以省略。I wont listen to the reason you were late.我不听你为什么迟到的理由。从句中主系表齐全，the reason 放在从句中做原因状语，故选择指代原因状语的关系副词why或for which。(that/which)(that/which)why/for which why/for which 三三.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用只能用which或或whom。先行词指物时，用先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用；先行词指人时，
42、用whom。在这个结构中，介词的使用原则是：在这个结构中，介词的使用原则是：1根据从句中谓语动词的习惯性搭配。根据从句中谓语动词的习惯性搭配。This is the book I spent 10 yuan.I paid 10 yuan.for which on which The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.马克思在语法和英语的某些习惯用语这两方面还是没有把握。马克思在语法和英语的某些习惯用语这两方面还是没有把握。about which 2.根据定语从句中的根据
43、定语从句中的形容词形容词的习惯性搭配。的习惯性搭配。3根据根据先行词先行词的习惯性搭配。的习惯性搭配。The pen he was writing broke.他写字用的那支钢笔坏了。他写字用的那支钢笔坏了。with which 4表示表示“整体中的部分整体中的部分”或或“所有关系所有关系”时，用介词时，用介词of。He has three uncles，are doctors.他有三个叔叔，他们全都是大夫。他有三个叔叔，他们全都是大夫。all of whomIs this the watch which he was looking for？(不能说：不能说：Is this the watc
44、h for which he was looking？)注意：注意：有些有些含有介词的固定动词短语含有介词的固定动词短语拆开会造成歧义，所拆开会造成歧义，所以一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，因此不能使用以一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，因此不能使用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”结构。结构。listen to,look at,depend on,look for，pay attention to,take care of随堂检测精评价.使用恰当的关系词完成下列定语从句1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔）,_ the
45、audience can buy ice-cream.when2.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.where3.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.when4.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especi
46、ally at work _ a good impression is a must.where5.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.where6.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,_ I went up to rescue a kite.when7.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a livin
47、g.when8.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.where9.The next day we were at Yellowstone National Park,_ we had a picnic.where10.There are many examples in my own hometown of Tours _ modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old bu
48、ildings.where11.I was not clear about the reason _ he refused my invitation.why12.The man with _ you went to the Great Wall yesterday was Jack.whom.用关系副词把下列句子连接成定语从句1.Ill never forget the day.I joined the PLA on that day._Ill never forget the day when I joined the PLA.2.Li Fang lives in that street.
49、Do you know the street?_Do you know the street where Li Fang lives?3.I dont know the reason.For that reason,she looks unhappy today._I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.4.A tall building was put up at the place.There used to be a desert._A tall building was put up at the place where t
50、here used to be a desert.翻译翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。She is a girl who is called Mary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Those boys who are playing ten
