1、Unit 3 Food and CultureCONTENTS Words and Expressions01 Reading and Thinking02 Discover Useful Structures03 Using Language04 Words and Expressions01PICTURE SHOW1.prior adj.先前的；优先的be prior to 在之前的be superior/inferior to优于/劣于be senior/junior to比大/小；比职位高priority n.优先事项；最重要的事练习：1.Many people enjoy relax
2、ing music in the evening prior _ going to bed.toPICTURE SHOW2.consist vi.由组成consist of由组成（无被动；无进行）=be made up of=be comprised of=be composed of consist in=lie in在于；存在于consist with与一致consistent adj.一致的；连续的be consistent with与一致consistently adv.一贯地；一致地consistence n.一致性练习：1.Rock music consists _ many di
3、fferent styles.2.Student are provided with breakfast,dinner and lunch,_(consist)of a sandwich,a drink and a dessert.3.What you did was not _ with what you said.ofconsistingconsistentPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we
4、 do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.3.bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的boldly adv.大胆地；冒失地PICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a gr
5、eat feeling.4.stuff vt.填满；把塞进 n.东西；物品stuff A with B 用B填满A 被动：be stuffed with装满=be filled with=be full of stuff A into B 把A塞入/进B练习：1.He stuffed the suitcase _ his clothes yesterday.2.He stuffed his clothes _ the suitcase yesterday.withintoWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were
6、 a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.5.slice n.薄片 vt.把切成薄片sliceoff/away切下sliceup把切成薄片a slice of bread一片面包sliced adj.切片的6.elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的 同：gracefulelegantly adv.优雅地elegance n.优雅练习：1.Susan always dresses very
7、_(elegant).2.He is admired for the _(elegant)of his writing.3.She is wearing an _(elegant)dress.elegantlyeleganceelegantPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a
8、 great feeling.7.exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的exception n.例外exceptionally adv.特别；非常except v.除之外except for除之外练习：1.The weather was _(exceptional)cold.2.We will visit an _(exception)museum.3.Nobody speaks except _ Tom.exceptionallyexceptionalforPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in t
9、he UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.8.minimum n.最小值；最少量 adj.最低的；最小的at a/the minimum至少反：maximum n.最大值；最大量 adj.最高的；最大的at a/the maximum最大；最高 PICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the
10、UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.9.consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗be consumed with充满consumer n.消费者 同：customerconsumption n.消费练习：1.He was _(consume)with guilt after the accident.2.Gas and oil _(consume)always increases
11、 in cold weather.consumedconsumption10.temper n.脾气；火气lose ones temper发脾气control/keep ones temper控制某人的脾气fly into a temper勃然大怒be in a bad temper/mood心情不好good-tempered/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/脾气坏的11.vegetarian n.素食者vegan n.素食者 adj.素食的veganism n.纯素食主义12.brand n.品牌name brand名牌brand image品牌形象leading brand一流
12、品牌brand-new adj.全新的13.stable adj.稳定的；稳重的 反：unstablestably adv.平稳地stability n.稳定（性）14.somewhat adv.有点；稍微somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式anyhow/anyway adv.无论如何；不管怎样练习：1.She felt _ uncomfortable.2.Thank you very much _.3.She looked different _.somewhatanyhow/anywaysomehowPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people
13、to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.15.association n.协会；关联in association with与联合/有关联associate v.联系associate A with B 把A与B联系起来associate with sb.与某人交往/联系associated adj.有关联的；相关的be asso
14、ciated with与有关have(no)association with与（没）有联系PICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.练习：1.Those foreign friends always associate China _ the Grea
15、t Wall.2.This song was promoted in _(associate)with the Department of Music.3.What you did is _(associate)with what you think.withassociationassociatedPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applica
16、nts reach their potential.Its a great feeling.16.quantity n.数量；数额 quality n.质量a large/small quantity of大/少量的+n.作主语，谓：单(large)quantities of大量的+n.作主语，谓：复in quantity=in large amounts大量地注意：quantity与of构成的短语+名词作主语时，谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。“许多；大量”：后接可数名词复数：many/a great/good many/a good/large number of后接不可数名词
17、：much/a good/great deal of/a large amount of/large amounts of都可接：a lot of/lots of/a quantity of/quantities of/plenty ofPICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a
18、great feeling.练习：1.A large quantity of money _(be)used.2.Large quantities of dogs _(be)left there.isarePICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potential.Its a great feeling.18
19、.ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n.理想；完美的人（或事物）idealise v.把理想化idealism n.理想主义 realism n.现实主义idealist n.理想主义者idealistic adj.理想主义的；空想的PICTURE SHOW19.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n.基本规律；根本法则be fundamental/essential to是的基础；对至关重要fundamentally adv.根本上；从根本上fundament n.基础；根本练习：1.It is well-known that water is fundamen
20、tal _ survival.to20.chew v.咀嚼；嚼碎 n.咀嚼chew sth.over深思熟虑；仔细考虑chew gum嚼口香糖21.modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的modestly adv.谦虚地；适当地modesty n.谦虚PICTURE SHOWWere here to connect people to higher education in the UK.Were a people-focused business and everything we do is designed to help applicants reach their potenti
21、al.Its a great feeling.22.trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏开某人的玩笑；捉弄某人：play a trick/tricks on sb.play a joke/jokes on sb.make fun of sb.laugh at sb.trick/cheat/fool sb.into doing sth.骗某人做某事 trick/cheat sb.out of sth.骗某人某物tricky adj.狡猾的；诡计多端的；难对付的练习：1.The two persons tricked him _ buying the old machine.2.The naughty
22、 kid played tricks _ other children in his neighborhood on that day.3.Memory is sometimes a _(trick)thing.intoontricky Reading and Thinking02Food brings people together on many different levels.Its nourishment of the soul and body;its truly love.-Giada De Laurentiis食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正
23、的爱。-吉娅达.德.劳伦蒂斯1.be similar to与相似2.be different from与不同3.cuisine n.菜肴；风味；烹饪4.if anything如果有什么的话5.You are what you eat.人如其食文化与美食Para.11.一旦；一次；曾经2.简而言之=to put it simply3.把A与B联系起来4.指的是；参考5.n.个性6.n.品格12.n.味道13.不害怕做某事14.谓语动词前加do/does/did表示强调，“的确；确实”I do love you.He does love you.He did love you.文化与美食Para.
24、21.恰当的例子2.在之前的3.适应/满足某人的口味4.左宗棠鸡5.由组成6.用调味7.红辣椒8.adj.地道的；正宗的9.n.烹饪法；食谱10.另一方面11.adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的文化与美食Para.31.adv.后来；adj.较晚的 latelaterlatest latter adj.后者的 n.后者the formerthe latter2.有机会做某事3.通过做某事4.向某人推荐某物recommend sth.to sb.被：sth.be recommended to sb.5.n.厨师；主厨6.用装满/填满fill A with B 被：be filled with=be
25、full of=be stuffed/crowded with7.有幸做某事8.四川花椒文化与美食Para.41.中国北方东部2.向提供；配有3.n.醋4.v.观察；庆祝；遵守5.最喜爱的一种传统食物 do the dishes刷碗6.参加；加入+活动；join+组织7.煎饼卷8.被.填满9.adj.切片的10.n.洋葱文化与美食Para.51.adj.哈萨克族的 n.哈萨克族人2.内蒙古人3.v.&n.漫步；游荡4.广阔的草原/牧场5.结果；因此6.在户外的火上；在篝火上7.烤肉8.羊肉串文化与美食Para.61.精致的点心2.n.一份食物3.竹蒸笼4.adj.特别的；罕见的5.河南烩面6.
26、adj.各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的文化与美食Para.71.至少2.vt.吃；喝；饮；消费3.过着的生活lead/live alife4.重口味5.易于/倾向于做某事tend to do sth.6.脾气暴躁7.密切关联；息息相关不规则动词1.write2.eat3.put4.mean5.refer6.begin7.make8.learn9.go10.vary11.grow12.lead13.knowwroteateputmeantreferredbeganmadelearnt/learnedwentvariedgrewled/leadedknewwritteneatenputmeant
27、referredbegunmadelearnt/learnedgonevariedgrownled/leadedknown1.What is the theme of the text?A.Food from different places.B.A recipe for several delicious dishes.C.The influence of diet on human culture.D.What you eat determines your character.2.Why did the author and his family go to a Sichuan rest
28、aurant?A.They had a special preference for Sichuan cuisine.B.They hoped to have a taste of Sichuan peppercorns.C.They accepted the recommendation from one friend.D.They have heard that the chef there was very friendly.3.Which of the following is TRUE?A.Lamb kebab is the traditional food in Sichuan.B
29、.In Shandong people like to cook foods over an open fire.C.In South China,making dumplings has always been a family affair.D.When the writers family had just arrived in China,they had no idea how to order foods.4.What is the most famous food in Shandong?A.Dumplings.B.Boiled or roasted meat.C.Pancake
30、 rolls.D.Noodles.5.What does the author think of boiled dumplings?A.Delicious and meaningful.B.Expensive and important.C.Special and traditional.D.Nutritious and impressive.6.What can we infer according to the last paragraph?A.Peoples personalities are linked to what they eat.B.We should be brave to
31、 taste new kinds of food.C.The brave people often enjoy eating spicy food.D.In a sense spicy food will lead to a quarrel.True(T)or False(F).1.Most people today relate the saying”You are what you eat.”to healthy eating.()2.Like most people,Brillat-Savarin thought that bread is the staff of life（生活必需品
32、）.()3.In Brillat-Savarins opinion,ones eating habits can reflect ones personality,character and culture.()TFT3.Use the information from the text to complete the table below.Place:AmericaKind of Chinese food:Chinese food was changed to suit American tastes Typical dish:General Tsos chicken People or
33、culture:Americans love bold,simple flavours,and are not afraid to try new foods.Place:Beijing:Kind of Chinese food:Sichuan cuisine Typical dish:dishes with Sichuan peppercorns People or culture:People there offered them good friendship.Place:ShandongKind of Chinese food:Shandong cuisine Typical dish
34、:boiled dumplings served with vinegar;pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions People or culture:Family is important to the people there.Place:Northwest ChinaKind of Chinese food:Xinjiang and Inner Mongolian cuisine Typical dish:boiled or roasted meat,such as lamb kebab People or cultu
35、re:people there traditionally wandered the open range on horses so their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire.Place:South ChinaKind of Chinese food:Guangdong cuisine Typical dish:dim sum People or culture:Through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.Place:
36、Central ChinaKind of Chinese food:Henan cuisine Typical dish:stewed noodles People or culture:Through food,Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.at a minimumprior toconsists ofconsumeelegantexceptionalGFDEHCBA Discover Useful Structures03过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态1.过去完成时的概念+构成2.过去完成时用法3.过去完成时
37、与一般过去时/现在完成时的区别4.过去完成时被动语态的构成5.过去完成时被动语态的用法6.练习1.过去完成时的概念+构成概念：表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。1.过去完成时的概念+构成种类种类构成构成例句例句肯定句had doneI had just arrived in China.否定句had not doneI hadnt finished reading the book last night.一般疑问句Had+主语+done+其他成分？肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not.Had you
38、visited the Forbidden City before?Yes,I had.No,I hadnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+had+主语+done+其他成分？What had you done before the boss made the decision?被动结构had been doneA Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend.标志词：用by,before+过去的时间/过去的动作。e.g.She had worked on a farm for three years before she becam
39、e a teacher.By the end of last month he had worked in Shanghai for twenty years.2.过去完成时用法 用于定语从句/宾语从句或间接引语中。e.g.I wondered who had worked out the maths problem in the end.She returned the book that she had borrowed.She said that she had seen the film before.表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope/want/expect/think/su
40、ppose/plan/mean/intend等词。e.g.I had meant to come,but something happened.He had intended that he would come to see you himself,but he was too busy.2.过去完成时用法 用于状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。e.g.After he had finished his homework,he watched the TV.特殊句型：A.主语+had hardly done+when 从
41、句 主语+had scarcely done+when 从句 主语+had no sooner done+than 从句（从句用一般过去时，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装）“一就”e.g.I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.2.过去完成时用法B.It was+一段时间+since从句（从句用过去完成时）.e.g.It was at least three months since
42、I had left Beijing.C.It was the first time+that从句（从句用过去完成时）.e.g.It was the first time that I had seen the film.2.过去完成时用法D.主句（过去完成时）+by the time(表示过去的从句）.By the time I got to the station,the train had already gone.注意：有时before,after引导的时间状语从句，主/从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后并不明显，则主/从句都用一般过去时。e.g.After he closed the
43、door,he left the classroom.E.句子（过去完成时）+by the end of(表示过去的时间状语）.By the end of last term we had learned 12 units.区别：时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间发生的动作。e.g.They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station yesterday.3.过去完成时与一般过去时区别 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间
44、先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。注意：当两个两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，用一般过去时。现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语；过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中有表示过去特定时间的状语。e.g.She had finished her homework before she came back.She has finished her homework so far.3.过去完成时与现在完成时区别4.过去完成时被动语态的构成种类种类构成构成例句例句肯定句h
45、ad been doneBy the time he got to the school,the first class had been finished.否定句had not been doneThe classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.一般疑问句Had+主语+been done+其他成分？肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not.Had the classroom been cleaned before the teacher came?Yes,it had.No,it hadnt.特殊疑问
46、句特殊疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分？How had the classroom been cleaned before yesterday?表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的被动的动作，常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。e.g.By the time he got to the school,the first class had been finished.The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.5.过去完成时被动语态的用法 在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之
47、后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。e.g.They said the production costs had been reduced.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。e.g.As the work had been done,he went home.练习1.We _(build)five new buildings by the end of last year.2.Hardly _ I _(open)the door when he told me the thing.3.The bus _ already _(leave)when we go
48、t to the station.4.The girl was reminded that her clothes _(not wash).5.I _(expect)to come over to see you last night,but someone called me and I couldnt get away.6.By the end of last year another new gymnasium _(complete)in Beijing.7.If it _(repair)earlier,the printer would not have broken down.8.J
49、ohn _(plan)to make a compromise,but somehow he changed his mind at last minute.had builthadopenedhadlefthad not been washedhad expectedhad been completedhad been repairedhad planned练习 1.先后顺序；2.固定句型；3.by/before 4.原本打算/认为9.Jones got the idea after he _(talk)with an elderly lady who _(cheat)of her mone
50、y.10.The boy didnt remember whether his homework _(hand)in.11.The media reported more than 1,000 people _(kill)in the earthquake.12.By the end of last month he _(work)in Shanghai for twenty years.13.When I got to school,I realized I _(leave)my bag at home.14.She _(work)on the farm for three years be
