1、1.salary n.薪水【比】pay,salary,wagepay(u.n.):不论工作性质如何，通过各种劳动所得到的报酬。salary:非体力劳动者所得到的“工资”“薪水”，通常按月计算，有时按季或年计算。wage:简单劳动或体力劳动工作者所得“工钱”，通常按周、日、小时计算发给，常用复数形式，但用于名词前时用单数形式。wage earners 工薪族工薪族2.labo(u)r n.1)u.n.体力劳动physical/mental labour 体力/脑力劳动 Labour Day 劳动节2)u.n.【统称】劳动力;劳工skilled labour 熟练工人 3)c.n.【常用复数】【正
2、式用语】辛勤劳动 My labors lasted about two weeks.我连续苦干了两周。v.(辛勤)劳动;苦干 More than 20,000 workers laboured nearly 22 years to complete the Taj Mahal.两万多名工人苦干了近22年才完成泰姬陵。【拓】labo(u)r-saving adj 节省劳力的3.earn v.1)赚得;挣得earn a scholarship 获得奖学金earn money/an income/a fortune 挣钱/收入/大钱My grandpa said last summer they e
3、arned quite a lot by selling the fish.爷爷说去年夏天靠卖鱼挣了不少钱。2)博得;赢得He earned praise for honesty.他因诚实而赢得了赞扬。earn a living/make a living/earn ones living 谋生谋生You are old enough to earn your own living.你已经长大了，可以自谋生路了。【拓】earnings c.n.【pl.】薪水;工资4.attain v.【正式】(经过长时间努力)达到(achieve);得到;取得 attain ones goal 达到目标 Af
4、ter several years of study and practice,he attained fluency in English.经过几年的学习和实践，他的英语达到了流利程度。5.endeavo(u)r n.（新的或艰苦的）努力；尝试请尽全力按时到达。Please _ _ _to arrive on time.v.努力；尽力 endeavor to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 makeeveryendeavour6.passion n.1)c.n.酷爱The English have a passion for gardens.2)u.n.强烈情感His passion for
5、her made him blind to everything else.他钟情于她，达到了不顾一切的地步。7.fond adj.1)喜爱的;爱好的Im fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.2)【只用于名词前】深情的;温情的a fond look/farewell 慈爱的目光/深情的道别8.anticipate v.1)预期；预料 anticipate doing sthWe dont anticipate any major problems.They did not anticipate seeing such
6、 a beautiful country.Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask.2)期待；期盼（好事）We anticipate hearing from you again.【拓】anticipation u.n.1)他预料来的客人会比邀请的多，就多买了些食物。He bought extra food _ _ _ more people coming than hed invited.2)她热切地期盼着罗伯特的到来。She waited _ _ _ _Robert to arrive.我们期待再次收到你们的来信。我们期待再次收到你
7、们的来信。in anticipation of in eager anticipation of 9.superior adj.【无比较级】1)更好的;更胜一筹的Your computer is far superior to mine.你的电脑比我的强多了。2)(职位、地位等)较高的 my superior officer 我的上级军官3)有优越感的;高傲的He always looks so superior.他看上去总是那么有优越感。【反】inferior adj.比不上的10.prejudice n.偏见 be free from prejudice 毫无偏见have a prejud
8、ice against sb 对某人有偏见 v.使抱偏见;使怀成见【拓】prejudiced adj.有偏见的;有成见的;歧视的11.consultant n.顾问;商议者;咨询者【拓】consult v.1)请教;咨询;商量 consult a doctor/lawyer/professor You should consult with your parents about your future plans.2)查阅;参考(refer to)consult a dictionary/map查词典/地图 consultation n.商量;咨询;咨询会He chose his major
9、in consultation with his parents and teachers.(商议)consultations between teachers and parents(磋商)12.receptionist n.接待员【拓】reception n.1)接待；欢迎；反响He got a warm reception from the crowd.他受到了人群的热烈欢迎。2）接待处；前台Please leave your key at the reception desk.3)招待会；宴会；欢迎会a wedding reception 婚宴4)接收效果There was very
10、poor reception on my cell phone.13.respective adj.各自的；分别的【拓】respectively adv.各自地；依次地14.zone n.地区；区域a time zone/an earthquake zone 时区/地震带economic and technological development zones 经济技术开发区comfort zone 舒适区；放松区15.operate v.1)(使)运行;(使)运转Subway trains operate 24 hours a day in New York.纽约的地铁24小时不间断运行小时不
11、间断运行。Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这台机器是如何运转运转的吗?2)操作;使用 operate a computer 操作计算机This machine is very easy to operate.这台机器非常易于操作易于操作。3)起作用;奏效The medicine began to operate at once.药效立竿见影。4)动手术;开刀Having seen the X-ray,the doctor decided to operate on the patient.看过X光片后，医生决定为病人做手术为病人做手
12、术。5)经营;管理operating costs经营成本operate a restaurant/company 经营餐馆/公司【拓】operation n.1)u.n.运行;运转;操作There are three lifts in operation.有3部电梯在运行在运行。2)经营;运营The new plant is scheduled to go/come into operation in May this year.新工厂计划今年5月投入运营投入运营。3)企业;团体 a huge multinational electronics operation 一家大型跨国电子公司 4)手
13、术 Hes recovering from an operation on his shoulder.5)行动 The police have launched a major operation against drug.警方发起了一场发起了一场大规模的缉毒行动行动。6)(计算机的)运算;操作perform mathematical operations 进行数学运算 put.into operation 实施;使运转;启用Its time to put our plan into operation.现在应该实施我们的计划了。【拓】operator c.n.话务员;操作员;经营者15.hi
14、re v.1)(短期)租用(AmE rent)hire a bike/car/boat 租自行车/汽车/船2)(临时)雇用the power to hire and fire 聘用和解雇的权力She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004.2004年她聘请了一些技术专家，开办了自己的公司。hire sb to do sthIll hire a lawyer to handle the case.我将聘请一位律师来处理这一案件。hire out 出租The company hires out cars.这家
15、公司出租小汽车 u.n.租用;雇用let out sth on hire 出租某物cars on/for hire 供租用的汽车16.leadership n.领导才能；领导层；领导（地位）under the leadership of sb/under sbs leadership 在某人的领导下17.weigh up 仔细考虑;权衡We can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision.我们可以权衡一下权衡一下各种选择，试着做出决定。【拓】weigh v.1)v.称的重量He weighed himself on the bath
16、room scales.他在浴室的磅秤上称体重。2)有.重；重【系动词】She weighs 60 kilos.3)认真考虑;权衡We weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.我们权衡了这个计划的好处和相关的风险。18.receipt n.1)u.n.收到We are in receipt of your letter.2)收据；收条 make out/write a receipt 开收据3)收到的款项；收入【pl.】Keep track of all your receipts and payments.记录你
17、所有的收支情况收支情况。mercial adj.商业的;营利性的;商业化的commercial radio/TV/channels 商业电台/电视/频道commercial value 商业价值The movie was not a commercial success.这部电影票房收入不佳收入不佳。n.商业广告 a radio/TV commercial 广播/电视广告【拓】commerce u.n.商业;贸易(=trade)electronic commerce(e-commerce)电子商务 commercialize v.使商业化;使成为营利手段Some people believe
18、festivals should not be mercialization/commercialisation u.n.商业化20.weekly adv.每周adj.每周的n.周刊21.monthlyadv.每月adj.每月的n.月刊22.budget n.预算(案)a family/monthly budget 家庭/每月预算 within/over budget 在预算之内在预算之内/超出预算超出预算Travellers on a tight budget might prefer to backpack.预算紧张的旅行者可能更喜欢背包游。23.put sth on the line 让
19、某物处于危险之中24.loan n.贷款；借款take out a large loan 贷一大笔款v.借出25.detective n.侦探detective work 调查工作；研究工作26.subjective adj.主观的；个人的【反】objective adj.客观的27.directory n.名录；号码簿a telephone directory 电话号码簿28.plugn.栓;塞子;(电)插头;插座Pull(out)the plug and let the water run away.把塞子拔掉，让水流走。a three-pin plug 三相插头v.塞;堵;用塞住;给接通
20、电源She had to plug holes in her roof in order to keep the rain out.（堵）Plug the keyboard into the computer.plug in(使)插上插头以接通电源29.groundwork u.n.基础工作；准备工作30.premier adj.最著名的；最成功的；第一的premier fashion designers n.首相；总理31.institutev.建立；制定（体系、政策等）；开始；实行The new management intends to institute a number of cha
21、nges.（实行）n.机构，机构建筑 art institutes 艺术学院 an institute of technology 理工学院 an institute for research in English teaching 英语教学研究所顶级时装设计师顶级时装设计师32.proportion n.1)比例；份额The proportion of boys to girls in our club is two to one.2)均衡；相称out of proportion to 与.不成比例；和.不相称in proportion to 与.成比例33.qualification n.
22、1)u.n.取得资格；合格the qualification for the World Cup 取得世界杯参赛资格 2)【pl.】（通过考试或学习课程取得的）学历；资格（证明）get/acquire/gain/obtain qualifications 获得资格a business qualification/a qualification in business studies 商科文凭3)【pl.】（胜任工作所需的）资历；资格（条件）She has the qualifications for teaching English./She has the qualifications to
23、 teach English.她有教英语的资格。【拓】qualify v.(使)具有资格;(使)合格qualified adj.有资格的；称职的；具备.的知识（技能、学历等）a qualified dental nurse 合格的牙科护士 He took all kinds of tests to prove he was well qualified for this task.他参加各种各样的测试，以证明自己完全有资格接受这项任务。He isnt qualified to vote.他没有投票资格。34.swing v.(swung,swung)1)（使）摆动；（使）摇摆Its bad m
24、anners to swing your legs while eating.吃饭时晃腿是不礼貌的。2)（使）转动；转弯The door swung open.门开了。3)（使）突然转向；突然转身The bus swung sharply to the left.He swung around to her,spilling his tea without noticing it.4)（挥动某物）朝.打去She swung at the ball but missed.swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来n.【C】摇摆;晃动;秋千35.labeln.标签；标记；（不恰
25、当的）称谓designer labels 设计师品牌；大师品牌put/place a label on a box 在箱子上贴标签v.贴标签于;用标签标明The file was labelled“Top secret”.这份文件上标明“绝密”。36.candidate n.候选人；申请人Please send us all the information about the candidate for the position.37.applicant n.申请人【拓】apply v.申请 apply for sth application n.应用38.prior adj.先前的;早前的
26、prior to 在之前的【拓】priority n.1)优先事项 Education is a top priority.教育是当务之急。2)u.n.优先权Club members will be given priority.俱乐部成员享有优先权。39.profile n.1)轮廓 2)人物简介；概述a company/personal/student profile 公司简介/个人简历/学生档案40.criterion n.标准；准则 pl.criteria 41.shave v.刮/剃（胡须）；修剪(shaved,shaved/shaven)shave ones head/the la
27、wn 剃头/修剪草坪 shave off 剃掉；刮去n.刮脸；修面【拓】shaver n.电动剃刀42.refreshed adj.恢复精力的；精神振作的【拓】refresh v.1)使清新；使恢复精力I refreshed myself with a cup of coffee.我喝了杯咖啡提提神。2)刷新;更新 Click here to refresh this document.点击此处以刷新文件。【拓】refreshment n.1)pl.饮料;小食 2)u.n.食物和饮料43.mode n.方式；模式 a mode of transport 交通方式 flight mode 飞行模
28、式44.delay v.延误；推迟(put off)Youll lose your chance if you delay.如果拖延你就会失去机会。My flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.delay doing sthHe delayed telling her the news,waiting for the right moment.n.耽误；延误；推迟Too many orders on 11th November caused a delay in delivery.Please send him the urgent infor
29、mation without delay.45.duration u.n.持续时间；期间for the duration of 在整个.期间；直到.结束46.rude adj.无礼的；粗鲁的(=impolite)【反】politerude remarks/treatment 粗鲁的话/粗暴的对待 in a rude manner 以一种粗鲁的方式You mustnt be rude to teachers.it is rude(of sb)to do sthIn some European countries it is rude to arrive late for dinner.在一些欧洲
30、国家，出席宴会迟到是不礼貌的。【拓】rudely adv.无礼地;粗鲁地47.justify v.证明正当/有理;为辩护;对作出解释How can we justify spending so much money on dinner?我们怎么解释花这么多钱吃饭呢?【拓】justice u.n.1)正义;公正;公道【反】injusticea strong sense of justice 强烈的正义感 treat sb with justice 公平对待某人2)法律制裁;司法 do justice to 恰当处理;公平对待48.relevant adj.有关的;贴切的 relevant exp
31、erience/information 相关经验/信息(be)relevant toThe sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.【拓】irrelavant adj.无关的 relevance u.n.关联；相关性49.infer v.推断I inferred from his attitude that he didnt like her.【拓】inference 1)u.n.推断;推论 2)推断的结果;结论make inferences 推理;
32、推断50.convey v.1)运送;运输This train conveys both passengers and goods.这列火车既载人又运货。2)表达;传递(思想、感情等)(communicate)convey a message 传达信息If you see James,do convey my apologies to him.convey+that/wh-从句Her letter clearly conveyed that she was determined to go to court over the matter.她在信中清楚表明她决心就此事告上法庭。His musi
33、c conveys how he feels about the world.他的音乐表达了他对世界的感受。51.firm n.(合伙)商行;(小型的)公司(=business/company)electronics/advertising/law firms adj.1)坚硬的;牢固的;稳固的The city walls are as firm as a rock.城墙坚如磐石。Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.爬梯子前要确保它的稳固。2)坚定的;坚决的;强有力的He is firm in his purpose.他意志坚
34、定。Go ahead for a firm goal,and the whole world will let you go!have a firm handshake 握手要坚实有力adv.稳固地;坚定地Please stand firm and hold the handrail.站稳并扶好扶手。Always hold firm to your beliefs.始终要坚持坚持自己的信仰。【拓】firmly adv.坚定地;牢牢地“I can manage,”she said firmly.“我应付得了。”她坚定地说。The woman held her daughter firmly in
35、 her arms.这个女人把女儿紧紧地搂在怀里。52.genuine adj.真的；真诚的；可信赖的a genuine smile 真诚的微笑【拓】genuinely adv.真地；真诚地53.yawnv.打哈欠n.哈欠 give a yawn54.seize v.1)抓住(=grab);逮捕seize sb by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 seize a thief 抓住小偷2)夺取;占领 seize power 夺权3)抓住;把握(时机等)I will seize the golden chance to go abroad.我会抓住这次绝好的机会出国。4)(情绪)突然侵袭;突然控
36、制I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery,when fear seized me.My wallet was gone.seize on/upon 抓住(可利用的事物);突然对大为关注Bob seized on the rain as an excuse for missing school.55.corporate adj.1)公司的；法人的corporate culture/image/plan 公司文化/形象/计划2)共同的；团体的corporate knowledge 集体的智慧【拓】corporation n.大公司/企业；法人56.temporary adj.暂时的;临时的【反】permanenttemporary employment 临时雇用 a temporary job 临时工作【拓】temporarily adv.暂时56.bowling u.n.保龄球运动57.tournament n.锦标赛 tennis tournaments
