1、Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the three questions.a I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b.laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of
2、 the time when I was there feeling frightened.1What do“where”，“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?2Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information?If you take away the clauses，do the sentences still make sense?3Which clauses are separated by a comma
3、，the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?where 指代the waiting area。which 指代laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better。when 指代much of the time。句c 包含一个有基本信息的从句，句a 和句b 分别包含一个有附加信息的从句。若去掉句c 的从句，句c 含义不完整；若去掉句a 和句b 中的从句，句a 和句b 意义仍完整。句a 和句 b 中的从句用逗号分隔，是含有附加信息的从句。句c
4、 是含有基本信息的从句。Can you find more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses inthe reading passage?People sit uncomfortably.looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospita
5、l after she fell off her bicycle.We have to.work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.Go for a walk in the countryside，_ you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.Spend t
6、ime with your family and friends，_will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.Try to accept your mistakes，_you can learn a lot.Close your eyes and picture the fu-ture，_youve made your dreams come true.wherewhich through which whereComplete the joke with the sentence parts in the b
7、ox using who/which and put commas in the correct position.has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to him he finds annoying One day，Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping.They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep.Suddenly，in the middle of the night，Wats
8、on is woken up by Holmes 1 .“Watson，”Holmes says，“look up at the stars，and tell me what they tell you.”Not quite sure what he means，Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2 at this time of night.Even so，he replies，“I see millions of stars and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth.And if so，this
9、 means that there might also be life on other planets.”Watson is pleased with his answer 3 .But Holmes 4 shouts，“Watson，look around you!Use your eyes!Somebodys stolen our tent!”，who is lying next to him，which he finds annoying，which he thinks will impress Holmes，who has lost his patience by now，Usin
10、g language(1)Non-defining attributive clauses 1.I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.进入进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。关系副词关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，对引导非限制性定语从句，对the waiting area进行补充和说明，进行补充和说明，wherewhere在定语从句当中作地点状语。在定语从句当中作地点状
11、语。2.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻着那些已经被读过数百遍的旧杂志。翻着那些已经被读过数百遍的旧杂志。“all of which have been read hundreds of times previously”是非限制定语从句，补充说明是非限制定语从句，补充说明magazines的情况的情况1.非限制性定语从
12、句的定义：非限制定语从句起补充说明作用，在句子中不充当成分，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开,将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。My watch,which is very old,stopped again.指代对象指代对象指代人指代人指代物指代物主格whowhich,as宾格whomwhich,as所有格of whom,whosewhich,of which,whose引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when,where1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词（1）which 指物，在定语从句
13、中作主语、宾语或表语。I bought a novel yesterday，which was written by Han Han.我昨天买了一本小说，是韩寒写的。（2）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。My father，who has curly hair，is an excellent cook.我的父亲有一头卷发，他是个很棒的厨师。（3）whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。This is Peter，whom you havent met before.这是彼得，你以前没见过他。（4）whose 是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生
14、命的事物。The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.（5）as 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。（as 在从句中作主语）As we all know，water is essential for life.我们都知道，水是生命所必需的。词汇复现（as 在从句中作宾语）单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）I have a sister,_is a doctor.（2）She was p
15、atient with the children，her husband seldom was.（3）The poet，poems are best loved，once lived in this region.（4）I met Professor Xu，told me the result of the election.（5）We won the game，we expected.whowhich whose who as 2 引引 as 与与which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，as有“正如.，就像.”之
16、意。若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句中。As we all know,the earth is round.注意：在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能用注意：在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能用that。单句语法填空单句语法填空（2）was often the case，she forgot to bring her homework.（3）This man，you know，is good for nothing.（4）These apple trees，I planted three years ago，have n
17、ot produced any fruits.（5）He said that he had never been there before，was not true.As as which which 3 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词（1）where 在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。They went to London，where they stayed for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月。（2）when 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。He will put off the pic
18、nic until May 1st，when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）We will put off the trip until next week，the weather may be better.（2）We will be shown around the city：schools，museums and other places，other visitors seldom go.when where5 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从
19、句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句不能省略，如果省略整个句子意思不完整从句可以省略，如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整先行词可以用that引导先行词不可以用that引导引导词有时可以省略引导词不可以省略主句与从句之间不需要用逗号隔开主句与从句需要用逗号隔开从句只修饰先行词从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分例句：例句：I have a brother who is a teacher.我有一个当老师的弟弟。我有一个当老师的弟弟。（我不是只有这个弟弟，还有其他弟弟）（我不是只有这个弟弟，还有其他弟弟）I have a brother,who is a teacher.我有一个弟弟
20、，他是当老师的。我有一个弟弟，他是当老师的。（我只有一个弟弟，这个弟弟是当老师的）（我只有一个弟弟，这个弟弟是当老师的）1.The exam turned out to be very easy,_ I hadnt expected.A.that B.what C.which D.it答案：C这里指“这场考试非常容易是我没有预料到的”用which引导非限制性定语从句，that常用于限制性定语从句中，故选C。2.I didnt recognize the girls were foreigners,_ English is very good.A.her B.the C.whose D.thei
21、r答案：C“我并没有认出那些英语非常好的女孩是外国人”whose English is very good是非限制性定语从句，故选C。Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.1.Go for a walk in the countryside，_ you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.2.Spend time with your family and friends，_will activate ch
22、emicals in your brain to make you feel happier.3.Try to accept your mistakes，you can learn a lot though them.Try to accept your mistakes，_you can learn a lot.4.Close your eyes and picture the future，_youve made your dreams come true.wherewhich through which whereTHE ENDUNIT 1 Laugh out loudDevelopin
23、g ideasAdventures of Huckleberry Finn.He is regarded as one of North Americas best and most beloved（深受喜爱的）（深受喜爱的）writers due to his wit and satire（讽刺作品（讽刺作品）.Lin Yutang(1895-1976)was a Chinese writer,translator,linguist,philosopher（哲学家哲学家）and inventor.His informal but sophisticated style of writing,
24、in both Chinese and English,made him one of the most influential writers of his generation.His most famous works include My Country and My People and The Importance of Living.Hes also known as a wise and witty populariser（普及者）（普及者）of Chinese philosophy and the Chinese way of life.Read the short intr
25、oductions to Mark Twain and Lin Yutang and share what else you know about them with the class.Mark Twain（18351910）was an American writer，humorist，lecturer and adventurer，who acquired international fame for his travel narratives，in particular The Innocents Abroad，and for his adventure stories of boyh
26、ood，such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.He is regarded as one of North Americas best and most beloved writers due to his wit and satire.Lin Yutang（18951976）was a Chinese writer，translator，linguist,philosopher and inventor.His informal but sophisticated style of wr
27、iting，in both Chinese and English，made him one of the most influential writers of his generation.His most famous works include My Country and My People and The Importance of Living.Hes also known as a wise and witty populariser of Chinese philosophy and the Chinese way of life.adj.中世纪的,中古时期的_adj.使情绪
28、激动的_adj.调皮的，淘气的_n.言论;意见，评论_n.交流_n.男理发师_n.刮脸，刮胡子_n.男人;家伙_n.品牌，牌子_某种类型的幽默_生词清障 medieval emotivemischievousremarkinteraction barbershavefellowbrandbrand of humourn.概念，观念_n.地点，处所_（故意提出难以回答或尴途的问题）使某人难堪_adj.残忍的_v.悄声说，低语_v.哄笑，大笑_n.名声，名誉_n.语言学家_adj.说话风趣的;妙趣横生的_生词清障conxeptspotput sb on the spotcruelwhisperro
29、arfamelinguistwitty adv.温和地;轻柔地_斥责，责骂_v.照亮，照明_n.等式，方程式_adj.难处理的;难懂的_v.结束，终止_n.作曲家_不能按时完成（工作）_生词清障gentlytell offilluminateequationcomplicatedconcludecomposerfall behind课文预习自测 阅读理解阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）1.As far as the author is concerned，.A.humour can explain some human behaviourB.ancient Greek jokes are
30、as humorous to us now as they were thenC.humour is only a way of entertainmentD.humour can throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues2.What is Mark Twain well known for?A.He had the ability to combine humour with more serious messages.B.He was good at writing and crossing out the wrong words in
31、his writing.C.He was expert at giving lectures.D.He liked everyday interactions with people.3.According to the passage，where did the word“youmo”come from?A.Modern Chinese literature.B.Ancient Chinese.C.English literature.D.A bilingual book.4.Why did Lin Yutang create the equation?A.To show he was superior to Mark Twain.B.To tell us humour is a way of life and a tool to explain the world.C.To argue that humour is not so important as reality and dreams.D.To brighten peoples lives.
