1、1.balanced 2.strengths 3.theory4.represents 5.directed II.1.belief 2.patience 3.physicists4.impressive 5.terrified 6.considerate7.convincing 8.failure III.1.chatting 2.gathering 3.overcome 4.to confirm 5.permitting 6.to expand 7.apologized 8.to preserve 1.(1)set down (2)set off (3)set about (4)was s
2、et up 2.(1)in memory of (2)in the distance(3)in time (4)in advance 3.(1)cheered up (2)turn up (3)pick;up (4)dressed;up (5)was brought upII.1.back 2.for 3.out 4.to 5.by 6.off III.1.get away with 2.played a trick on3.On the contrary 4.caught sight of 5.watch out for 6.earned her living 1.What 2.whethe
3、r 3.when4.where 5.Whoever II.1.Traveling 2.surprising 3.carrying 4.Knowing 5.was6.rush 7.is 8.friendly 9.impatient 10.developmentIII.1.must 2.neednt 3.mustnt4.should 5.cantIV.1.howeverwhatever 2.havehas3.gavegiving 4.powerfullypowerful 5.mustnt cant/couldnt 1.will come/is coming 2.has doubled3.are 4
4、.are 5.was 6.being taken 7.to tell 8.cutting/to be cut 9.wasting10.to choose 11.is12.was 13.are 14.is 1.areis 2.areis 3.achieveachieving 4.surprisedsurprising 5.satisfyingsatisfiedV.1.Learning English well is very important.2.The girl singing on the stage now is our monitor.3.I heard Alice answering
5、 a phone in her office.4.Feeling very tired,Peter left the company earlier than usual.5.After discussing/Having discussed with him about the best place for a holiday,I decided to go to Tibet.VI.1.smallest 2.are invited 3.to 4.to share 5.that 6.visiting 7.probably 8.go 9.differences 10.while1.expandi
6、ng 2.reduce 3.overcoming 4.sliding 5.representing 6.approaches 7.swinging 8.preserved II.1.achievements 2.argument 3.consideration 4.attractions 5.admission 6.hunger 7.freedom 8.discovery 9.length 10.Unfortunately11.homeless 12.convincing 13.explanation 14.curiously 15.truly 1.disturbing 2.astonishi
7、ng 3.worthwhile 4.various 5.considerate 6.sunburnt 7.particular 8.outstanding 词组巩固词组巩固 I.1.by chance 2.in advance 3.have focused on 4.lead to 5.came across 6.badly off 7.was cut off 8.Thanks to 9.picked out 10.moved off 1-5 CBABC 6-10 BBACB 11-15 ADAAB 16-20 DBBDA 21-25 CBCBD 1.have;is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量
8、的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）;若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。2.Is不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,nobody,nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.is;are。集体名词family,class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。4.are。5.is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics,n
9、ews等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6.is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。7.is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，若若表示的是表示的是同一概念同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。最后一课十四课是最难的一课。”8.am。9.has。两个名词或代词由。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时
10、，谓语动词用单物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。数。10.was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with，as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。语法详解：语法详解：所谓所谓主谓一致主谓一致是指是指主语和谓语主语和谓语动词之间动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。式决定着谓
11、语动词对应的形式。Grammar主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致原则语法一致原则就近原则就近原则意义一致原则意义一致原则1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候者代词作主语的时候语法一致原则语法一致原则The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Jack and Tim _ diving.isareareFinish the following exercises:The singer and dancer _ on the stage.isA knife and fork _ used to hav
12、e meals.isevery.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连接的单数名词连接的单数名词,整个短语整个短语 在句中作主语时在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to attend the meeting.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard.听不到任何声音。
13、听不到任何声音。2.如果主语是如果主语是不定式不定式,动词动词ing形式或形式或 主主语从句语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。What he is doing seems very important.Collecting stamps is his hobby.To see is to believe.3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在在从从句中作主语句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom,who is your frien
14、d,should help you.A All All butbut one _(be)here just now.one _(be)here just now.A library A library with with five thousand books _(be)offered to five thousand books _(be)offered to the nation as a gift.the nation as a gift.A peasant A peasant together withtogether with some soldiers some soldiers
15、_(be)_(be)about about to help us.to help us.withwithalong withalong withtogether withtogether withbesidesbesidesbutbutexceptexceptincludingincludingas well asas well asrather than rather than 谓语动词与第一个主语谓语动词与第一个主语A A 保持一致保持一致Bwerewereis isis is就近原则就近原则Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.
16、areBoth Mike and Bob _ workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.is A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B Verb Here There+Verb A and B A,B and CNot only you but also he _ wrong.(is/are)Neither you nor he _ right.(is/are)There _ two shops and a cinema beside the rai
17、lway station.(is/are)Here _ a map and a handbook for you.(is/are)isisareis_概念一致原则概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数。是单数。everybody1.1.不定代词做主语不定代词做主语anybodyevery
18、onenobodysomebodyeverythinganythingnothingsomethingBob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _ workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows
19、/knowNeither dog _ big.(A.is B.are)Neither of them _ big.(A.is B.are)A Neither of the rabbits _ handsome.(A.is B.are)A/BNeither rabbit _ handsome.(A.is B.are)AA/Bneither ofnone ofn.(U)n.(C)neither+n.(singl.)V.singl.plural.How to use none and neitherV.(singl.)V.(singl.)3.Neither of us _(was/were)read
20、y when the party began.4.None of them _(has/have)watched the talk show.have/haswas/were 1.None of these people _ doctors.A.has B.is C.are D.was 2.Neither of them _ a good singer.A.are B.is C.were D.is used to beCBHalf of the students have finished their composition.Half of the apple is bad.About 60
21、percent of the students in our school are boys.2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓谓语动词与语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。后面的名词保持一致。The group _ made up of nine students.The group_ dancing happily.is isareareThe team The team _ some good players.(have)some good
22、players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)The team _ handsome.(be)hashasareareclassfamilyteampoliceaudience1.was/clapping/for/ten minutes/The/audience2.The/are/in the hall/watching/carefully/audienceThe audience was clapping for ten minutesThe audience are watching carefully in the hall.governmentThe go
23、vernment_(由一些高级官员组成由一些高级官员组成)The government_(在开一个重要的会议在开一个重要的会议)is made up of some high officials.are having an important meeting.注意：注意：集体名词为集体名词为 people,police,cattle，谓语动词用复数形式谓语动词用复数形式e.g.The police are searching for the thief.3.由集体名词，如由集体名词，如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,c
24、ompany,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时等作主语时,如果看成如果看成一个整体一个整体，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数形式形式,如果如果看成其中看成其中各成员各成员,则用则用复数复数形式形式.Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.The research group (is,are)made up of five people.2.What (do,does)the group want for their lunch?3.Our family (is,are)not
25、poor any more.4.He has to worry.His family (is,are)waiting for him.5.The class (is,are)more than forty in number.isdoisareis6.The class (have,has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.7.The government (has,have)spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.8.Th
26、e city government (has,have)different opinions about next years plan.havehashave4.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被但当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。The pair of shoes is worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。5.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,phys
27、ics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。等，谓语动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。6.a number of+ns作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数 the number of+ns 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。A number of new books are on the desk.The number of students in our class is 50.7.many a,more than one,one and a half
28、与单与单数名词组成的短语数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。Thirty years is not a long time.8.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数谓语动词常用单数.语法一致原则语法一致原则1.And 并列的并列的两两个人或物个人或物 谓语用谓语用复数复数 表示的是表示的是同一个人同一个人或物或物 谓语用谓语用单数单数 特例特例:由由 each,every,many a 等修饰时用等修饰时用单数单数谓谓语语2
29、.主语是主语是动名词动名词,不定式或主语从句不定式或主语从句 用用单数单数谓语谓语3.定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时,谓语动谓语动词与词与先行词先行词保持一致保持一致.4.主语后接说明主语的修饰语如主语后接说明主语的修饰语如:rather than,as well as,with,together with,but,except等时谓等时谓语动词与语动词与主语主语保持一致保持一致.就近原则就近原则 either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,在句子中连接主语的时候或者在在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型句型
30、,here引导的句子中引导的句子中,谓语动谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。词要和就近的主语保持一致。概念一致原则概念一致原则1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语谓语动词动词视情况而定视情况而定。2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。3.集体名词做主语表整体用集体名词做主语表整体用单数单数谓语谓语,表成员用表成员用 复数复数谓语谓语 4.peo
31、ple,police,cattle做主语谓语动词用做主语谓语动词用复数复数 (people 做民族讲例外做民族讲例外)5.anyone,everything,somebody 等不定代词做主等不定代词做主语时谓语动词用语时谓语动词用单数单数6.clothes,trousers,shoes glasses 等做主语时用等做主语时用复复数数谓语谓语,但被但被a pair of修饰时用修饰时用单数单数谓语谓语.7.maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等做主语，等做主语，谓语动词应用谓语动词应用单数单数。8.A number of+复数名词复数名词+复数复数谓语谓
32、语 许多许多 the number of+复数名词复数名词+单数单数谓语谓语 的数量的数量 9.Many a,more than one,one and a half+单数名词单数名词做主语用做主语用单数单数谓语谓语 10.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时名词作主语时,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用单数单数 应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:1.This kind of+名词做主语名词做主语 谓语动词与谓语动词与kind 一致一致 名词名词+of this kind 做主语做主语 谓语动词与谓语动词与名词名词一致一致 2.在主谓倒装的句
33、子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其谓语动词的数应与其后的后的主语主语一致。一致。3.one and a half+复数名词复数名词+单数单数谓语谓语4.The+形容词一般用形容词一般用复数复数谓语谓语,但也有少数但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数则用单数 1.How are the team playing?Theyre playing well,but one of them _ hurt.(北京北京2002春季春季)A.got B.gets C.are D.were2.As a result of destroying the fore
34、sts,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.（上海（上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have3.All the preparations for the task _,and we are ready to start.(2000年全国春季卷年全国春季卷)A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 4.I told him what I was surprised _ his a
35、ttitude towards his study.(2000年春季上海卷年春季上海卷)A.is B.was C.at is D.at was 5.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(2000年春季上海卷年春季上海卷)A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 6.His“Selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.A.were B.was C.has been
36、7.Mathematics _ the language of science.A.is B.are going to be C.are8.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out（NMET97）Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to9.A good deal of money _ spent on books.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been10.A library with five thousand books _ to t
37、he nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offeredD.has offered11._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,areC.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are 12.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known13.All but one _ here just n
38、ow.A.is B.was C.has been D.were14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 15.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in C.has been taken in C.have taken in D.has taken in16.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not d
39、ecided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided17.If law and order _ not preserved,people will not be able to live a secure life.A.are B.were C.is D.was18.The movies star as well as a lot of fans _ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers.A.were B.was C.had D.has19.As I have a
40、meeting at four,ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A.are B.was C.is D.were20.Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast.A.are B.is C.was D.were21.A number of my friends _ I should take a holiday.But I am just too busy to spare any time.A.think B.thinks C.had though
41、t D.has thought22.So long as you have a companion,twenty miles _ a long way to walk,especially in the morning.A.is B.isnt C.are D.arent23.The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard.Till now more than one person _ suspected.A.isis B.isare C.areis D.areare24.Reading many books _ her happy
42、.A.make B.makes C.is making D.are making25.Every boy and girl must have _ uniform neatly kept.A.his B.her C.their D.them26.The committee _ to have its second meeting in Tianjin next month.A.are going B.is going C.goes to D.go to27.In addition to John and Mary,their father _ visit you tomorrow.A.is g
43、oing to B.are going to C.shall D.are to28.（山东卷）（山东卷）The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed29.Jim is the only one of the staff members who _to be promoted.A.are B.have been C.is D.has been30.Many a child _to walk before he can speak.A.learn B.learns C.learned D.have learnedHomeworkFinish the exercises in USING STRUCTURES on Page 43.
