1、高考英语中国传统文化语法填空练习班级 考号 姓名 总分 一、火药Experimenting with life-lengthening elixirs around A.D. 850, Chinese alchemists instead discovered gunpowder. Their explosive 1._(invent) would become the basis for almost every weapon used in war from that point on, from fiery arrows 2._ rifles, cannons and grenades.
2、 Gunpowder made warfare all over the world very different, 3._(affect) the way battles were fought and borders were drawn throughout the Middle Ages.Gunpowder somehow remained a monopoly of the Chinese until the 13th century, 4._ the science was passed along the ancient silk trade route to Europe, w
3、here it became 5._ deciding factor in many Middle Age skirmishes.By 1350, rudimentary gunpowder cannons were commonplace in the English and French militaries, 6._ used the technology against each other during the Hundred Years War. The Ottoman Turks also 7._(employ) gunpowder cannons with abandon du
4、ring their successful siege of Constantinople in 1453. The 8._(power) new weapon essentially rendered the traditional walled fortification of Europe, impregnable for centuries, weak and defenseless.During the Age of Exploration, Europeans used 9._(gun) and cannons to expand their vast trade networks
5、 and powerful empires. Gunpowder would be taken all across the globe as Europeans used this powerful advantage 10._(conquer) and enslave many in places like The Americas and Africa.二、指南针的演变The advent of the compass was a great 1._(contribute)of the Chinese people to world civilisation. The compass i
6、s a simple instrument 2._(consist) of a magnetic needle that can be turned 3._(flexible) and a compass with a scale to indicate the direction of the earths magnetic field.The earliest instruments that could indicate direction were called Sinan, 4._ appeared around the Warring States period, when nat
7、ural magnets were polished into the shape of 5._ spoon and placed on a graduated square engraved plate to give a general indication of direction.Later on, it was discovered that by rubbing a magnet against an object such as a steel needle in one direction several 6._(time), the needle could also be
8、magnetised, so that it could point more accurately than the Sinan, and thus the compass 7._(invented). In the Song dynasty, an instrument was also invented to indicate direction, 8._(call) the compass fish, which floated on water.9._ the Southern Song Dynasty, people assembled the magnetic needle an
9、d the dial into a single unit, named the needle dial, also called the meridian dial, compass and so on. Our compass spread to Europe and the Arabian region around the 10._(twelve) century, greatly contributing to the development of world navigation and human society.三、书法Calligraphy, literally “beaut
10、iful writing,” has been appreciated 1._ an art form in many different cultures throughout the world, but the stature of calligraphy in Chinese culture is unmatched. In China, from a very early period, calligraphy was considered not just a form of decorative art; rather, it 2._(view) as the supreme v
11、isual art form, was more valued 3._ painting and sculpture, and ranked alongside poetry as 4._ means of self-expression and cultivation.How one wrote, 5._ fact, was as important as what one wrote. To understand how calligraphy came to occupy such a prominent position, it is necessary 6._(consider) a
12、 variety of factors, such as the materials used in calligraphy and the nature of the Chinese written script as well as the esteem in which writing and literacy are held in traditional China.One of the 7._(early) recorded instances concerns the first-century emperor Ming of the Han, who, upon hearing
13、 that his cousin was on his deathbed, dispatched a messenger to obtain a piece of his writing 8._ he passed away. By so doing, Emperor Ming was hoping to be able to “commune” with his relative, even after death, through the traces of his 9._(personal) embodied by 10._(he) calligraphy.四、郑和下西洋The Chin
14、ese admiral Zheng He must 1._(make) quite the impression when the 300 ships under his command arrived at a new destination. The biggest vessels, known as “treasure ships,” were by some estimates 2._(long) than a soccer field. Their rigging was festooned with yellow flags, sails dyed red with henna,
15、hulls painted with huge, elaborate birds. Accompanying them were an array of support boats, 3._(include) oceangoing stables for horses, aqueous farms for growing bean sprouts to keep scurvy away, and water taxis for local transportation. The 15th century 4._(citizen) who received him in what are now
16、 Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, Kenya, and Yemen had never seen anything like it.They came 5._(bear) luxuries, from tools (axes, copper basins, porcelain) to cloth (fans, umbrellas, velvet) to food (lychees, raisins, salted meats). 6._ return, they received tribute goods to carry ba
17、ck to China, including spices and precious stones andon a few notable occasionsostriches, elephants, and giraffes.Almost 7._ century before Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus made voyages that kicked off the era of European colonialism, Zheng spent three decades plying the waters between China a
18、nd the East Coast of Africa, 8._(set) up diplomatic relationships that would reshape Asian life. His seven expeditions challenged 9._ humans could do at sea, pushing the limits with their boats size, 10._(complex), and capacity for long-distance travel.五、后裔射日 Angrily, Hou Yi grabbed one magic arrow
19、out of his quiver and aimed carefully. The arrow flew straight into the heart of the most boastful sun. Quickly, that sun 1._(drop) down from the sky, burning up in a ball of fire. When he hit the ground, the sun turned into a huge black crow with a three-foot wingspan, and then he died. The earth i
20、mmediately felt 2._(cool). Then the Grand Archer stalked the 3._ (remain) suns.Having witnessed Hou Yis powers, the other suns became 4._(frighten), and they scattered across the country. However, one by one, the Grand Archer tracked them down. Each time he killed one of the suns, the earth cooled 5
21、._(far).He shot the second sun and billowing clouds reappeared in the sky. He shot the third sun and mist curled around the high mountains. He shot the fourth sun and dewdrops formed like pearls on every leaf. He shot the 6._(five) sun and springs bubbled out of the rocky hills.He shot the sixth sun
22、 and rivers rippled with leaping carp. He shot the seventh sun and 7._(branch) sprouted lush green foliage. He shot the eighth sun and buds blossomed on the trees. He shot the ninth sun and rice grass pushed up tender new shoots. Then Hou Yi vowed to find 8._ very last sun and bring him to justice.B
23、y now, the land had cooled so dramatically 9._ it was comfortable for the peasants. They wanted Hou Yi to quit, but no one dared approach him. 10._, before the Grand Archer could spend his last arrow, a brave boy sneaked up behind him and stole the tenth shaft.六、盘古开天Pangu is an ancient Chinese deity
24、 considered to be the first living being and 1._(create) of the world. Emerging from an egg 2._ (contain) the entire cosmos, his birth released the universe.Pangu is comprised 3._ the Chinese characters pn (盘), meaning to “coil” and g (古), meaning “ancient.” 4._ he was inside the egg containing the
25、entirety of the universe, Pangu slept in a curled up position due to space limitations. Pangus name, therefore, denotes both his ancientness 5._ the unusual circumstances of his birth.Pangu is an important figure to 6._ number of minority ethnic groups in China, and each has their own oral version o
26、f his creation myth. Modern versions of the myth can 7._(trace) back to Xu Zheng, an ancient Chinese author and government official 8._ lived during the Three Kingdoms period, who was the first person 9._(record) it in writing. In all versions of the myth, Pangu and the universe are described as eme
27、rging from an egg; there are discrepancies, however, as to how Pangu manages to free 10._(he) and how the universe is formed.七、女娲补天Nwa is sometimes referred to respectfully as w hung which translates literally as Empress Huang. Nwas mother is the goddess Huaxu 1._ became suddenly pregnant when she w
28、as wandering the universe and stepped in a footprint 2._(leave) by the god of thunder, Leigong. Fuxi is seen 3._ the inventor of hunting, cooking, and the Chinese writing system.One version of the story says that after she was done, she was so tired 4._ she lay down to rest and died from exhaustion.
29、 5._ version says that while she was working, she discovered there wasnt enough stone to fix the sky, so she sacrificed 6._(she) to use her body to fill the last bits. Either way, order was restored to earth and humanity was able to live 7._ (peace) once again. Although she did her best, Nwa couldnt
30、 get the sky and earth to align exactly the way it had before. The earth became permanently tilted and thats 8._ its said that all of the rivers in China run in a Southeastern direction.Nwa is an important figure in popular culture. Though many temples dedicated to Nwa and her brother Fuxi can 9._(f
31、ind) throughout the Chinese-speaking world, her most important temple is located in Hebei Province and is seen as the ancestral shrine of all humans.March 18th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Nv Wa, so every year from March 1st 10._ 18th of the lunar calendar; people from Shanxi, Hebei, Sha
32、ndong and Henan Provinces come to She County on a pilgrimage to Nv Wa.八、敦煌莫高窟1._(carve) into the cliffs above the Dachuan River, the Mogao Caves south-east of the Dunhuang oasis, Gansu Province, comprise the 2._(large), most richly endowed, and longest used treasure house of Buddhist art in the worl
33、d. It first 3._(construct) in 366AD and represents the great 4._(achieve) of Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th century.The group of caves at Mogao represents 5._ unique artistic achievement both by the organization of space into 492 caves built on five levels and by the production of more than 2
34、,000 painted sculptures, and 6._(approximate) 45,000 square meters of murals, among 7._ are many masterpieces of Chinese art. For 1,000 years, from the period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) 8._ the Yuan Dynasty (1276-1386), the caves of Mogao played a decisive role 9._ artistic exchanges betw
35、een China, Central Asia and India. The paintings at Mogao bear 10_(exception) witness to the civilizations of ancient China during the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties.九、飞天Flying Asparas, the symbol of Dunhuang art, are scattered in all the 500 1._(grotto) of Dunhuang area. They are an embodiment of Gan
36、dharva, the God in charge of holy songs and dances, and Kimnara, the God in charge of 2._(entertain).They, husband and wife, were 3._ (original) God of entertainment and God of songs and dances in Indian mythology and were 4._(late) converted to the Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils by Buddha. Resting in fl
37、ower pedals 5._ flying in the heavenly paradise, Gandharva was responsible to spread scent in the Buddhist world, present flowers to Buddhas, and offer treasure; while Kimnara was responsible 6._ music and dance in the Buddhist world. He was not permitted 7._(fly) in the heaven.Later on Gandharva an
38、d Kimnara 7._(mix) together, without distinguishable gender and duty. They became one integral part as Flying Asparas. _ present, the one playing music in early stage is called Paradise Musician; the _ one playing music instrument singing and dancing is called Flying Asparas Musician.十、兰亭集序The Lanti
39、ng Xu (Preface of the Orchid Pavilion) or Lanting ji Xu is a famous work of calligraphy by Wang Xizhi (301 CE to 363 CE), 1._ (compose) in the 353 CE. Written in elegant semi-cursive script and underpinned by deep philosophical thinking, it is among the best known and often copied pieces of calligra
40、phy in Chinese history and also 2._ famous piece of Chinese literature. It is revered as the best running calligraphy. Wang Xizhi is respected 3._ Shu Sheng, “Sage of Calligraphy” or “Super Master of Calligraphy”.Lanting Xu 4._ (contain) 28 vertical lines and 324 characters. According to legend, the
41、 5._ (origin) copy was passed down to successive generations in the Wang family in secrecy until the monk Zhi Yong , dying without an heir, left it to the care of a disciple monk, Bian Cai . Emperor Tai Zong of Tang Dynasty (599 CE to 649 CE) heard about this masterpiece. He sent messengers on three
42、 occasions to retrieve the text, 6._ each time Bian Cai responded that it had been lost.Finally Tai Zong dispatched Xiao Yi who, disguised as a wandering scholar, 7._ (gradual) gained the confidence of Bian Cai and persuaded him 8._(show) him the Preface of the Orchid Pavilion. Thereupon, Xiao Yi se
43、ized the work, revealed his 9._(identify), and took it back to Tai Zong. Tai Zong loved this masterpiece very much and ordered the top calligraphers such as Y Sh-nn ), Ch Su-ling, Fng Chng-s, and Ouyng Xn to trace, copy, and engrave into stone for posterity. Tai Zong treasured the work so much 10._
44、he had the original interred in his tomb, Zhao lin , after his death. The authentic Lanting Xu has not been seen since then.十一、丝路花雨The dance drama Flower Rains Along The Silk Road is a mammoth national dance drama created on the 1. (base) of the Silk Road and Dunhuang murals.The first rehearsal of t
45、he drama 2. (hold) in February 1979, and was performed 28 times in Beijing on October 1, 1979 3. (celebrate) the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.The drama won the First Prize of Creation and the First Prize of Performance awarded by the Ministry of Culture. In 1980,
46、 193 touring performances of the drama were put on the stage across the country, 4. (cause) a sensation both at home and abroad. The drama was praised as 5. milestone in Chinese dance drama and called Swan Lake of the east.In 1982, it was performed on the most 6. (glory) theater in the world, La Scala Theater, becoming the first Asian group 7. (perform) in the worlds top theater.In 1994, it received the Golden Award during the competition of Classic Dance
