1、小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,
2、policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisher watchchildphotodiary dayfootbookdress toothsheepboxstrawberry thiefyo-yopeachsandwich manwomanpaperjuice watermilkricetea 二、一般现在
3、时一般现在时的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。特别注意：当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it 或是名词单数)时，要在动词后加-
4、s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如： I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如： He d
5、oesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s 的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以
6、 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymake lookhavepasscarry comewatchplantfly studybrushdo 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One.3.
7、 We(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. they(like) the World Cup?teach 6. Whatthey often(do) on Saturdays?7. your parents(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I(take) a walk together every evening.10. There(be) some water in the b
8、ottle.11. Mike(like) cooking.12. They(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always(do) your homework well.15. I(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao(do) not like PE.18. The child often(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai
9、 and Su Yang(have) eight lessons this term. 20.What day(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)5. We go to school every morning.(改为
10、否定句)6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he likes going fish
11、ing? 3. He likes play games after class. 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. 三、现在进行时1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.3. 现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为
12、： 疑问词 + be + 动词 ing?动 词 加 ing 的 变 化 规 则1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run- running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmake golikewrite_ski readhavesingdance putseebuylove livetakecomeget stopsitb
13、eginshop 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy(draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls(sing) in the classroom.3. My mother(cook) some nice foodnow.4. Whatyou(do) now?5. Look. They(have) an English lesson.6. They(not, water) the flowers now.7. Look! The girls(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaugh
14、ter doing? She(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We(have) supper now 10.Helen(wash )clothes? Yes, she is. 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework. (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2. The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3. Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)4. Tom is reading
15、books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)四、一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天） 等。二、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do.三、否定句：在 be 动词（am, is, are）后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not
16、going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be 或 will 提到句首，some 改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。Wha
17、t do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空。1.
18、 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihave a picnic with my friends. Ihave a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。Whatnext Monday? Iplay basketball.Whatyou do next Monday? Iplay basketball. 3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 your mothergo shopping this? Yes, she. Shebuy some fruit. 4.你们打算什么时候见面。What timeyoumeet?5. Nancy is
19、 going to go camping.（改否定）Nancygoing to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）Igojoin them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线
20、部分提问） sheafter school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) going to see a play the day after tomorrowPEP 小学英语重点句型语法总结人教版 PEP 教材在小学阶段涉及的重要语法知识主要有 7 种：to be 句型、there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词 can 引导的型、be going to 句型等。现以 5-8 册书为例，简要总结如下：一 to be 句型：用于介绍个人
21、情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中 58 册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter.2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Wha
22、ts your favourite fruit/food?7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is.11. Whats the date?12. This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the h
23、ospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?二 there be 句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：T
24、here is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第 5册的 Unit 5 和 Unit 6 中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any panda
25、s in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加 s 或 es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词 do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如： usually often sometimes never always 等。该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit2&3，第 6 册Unit1&2, 第
26、 7 册 Unit4,5,6, 第 8 册 Unit2 中。如：Book5:1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays.2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont lik
27、e grapes. Book6:1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season
28、 do you like best? I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter? Book7:1. How do you go to school, Sarah?2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No,
29、she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do?7. Where does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the v
30、apour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that?Book8:1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel?I feel sick. How does Amy feel?3. You look so happy. You look sad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行
31、的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在 Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be 动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第 6 册 Unit4, 5, 6 中。如：1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in
32、 the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas.4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping.5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.9. Is she counting insects? No
33、, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词 did。该句型分布在第 8 册 Unit3&4 中。如：1. What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Di
34、d you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6. Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3 中的：What would you like
35、for lunch? Id like some六 情态动词 can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5 册Unit4 和第7 册Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed?No, I cant.4. Can you use a computer?Yes, I can.Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan P
36、ark? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will 和 be going to 句型，主要以 begoing to 句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going to Book7:1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing?He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan?She is going to go there at 9:00 am
