1、连词一、并列连词：（一）连词的概念：连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。（二）并列连词的分类： 表示意思转折的连词But, yet, however，still,while表示因果关系的连词For, so, therefore,since 表选择的连词or, eitheror, neithernor，otherwise表示并列的连词And， not onlybut also, bothand, as well as例句：Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。 Shell be back either
2、this week or next week. 她将在这周或下周回来。 I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。（三）并列连词的用法：1、 并列连词and和or：and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：a. 两个并列的动词： We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。b. 名词、形容词等：This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef? c. 两个并列的分句（句子）： I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数
3、。and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。or可连接分句，表示“否则”：Dont drive so fast or youll have an accident. 别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:but和yet的用法： The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。 It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折-“但是”
4、或“然而”。a. however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。b. still: Its raining; still Id like to go. 天在下雨，但我还是要去。词组all the same:She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes. 她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。3、表示因果的连词： for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前
5、面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。 The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。 She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。 so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车 therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思-“因此”，可放句前：He ha
6、d gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。 4、both. and 的用法 A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 【难点】5、就近原则： 1）neithernor Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member. 2）not onlybut also Not only you but also he likes football. 3）eitheror Either Jim or Peter is rig
7、ht. 4）notbut Not Jim but Peter broke the cup. 6、as well as的用法: I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。 【基础练习】（一）根据句意选用and, but, or, so, while, for填空。1. The ground is wet, _ it rained last night.2. Its a fine day today, _ everyone is busy.3. This is our first less
8、on, _ I dont know all your names.4. Take an umbrella with you, _ youll get wet.5. Do you understand what I said _ do you want me to explain it again?6. We have classes in the morning, _ we dont have classes in the afternoon.7. She is a doctor _ I am a teacher.8. Use your head, _ youll find a way.9.
9、They went to the zoo yesterday, _ they didnt see any animals.10. I must go now, _ its getting dark.11. Be careful, _ you will fall off the tree.12.Excuse me. Do you have a table for two? Im sorry, _ there arent any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?13. Never give up, _ youll make it.14.
10、She was very thirsty, _ she drank some water from the river.15. You must work hard, _ youll fall behind。一. 选择最佳答案： ( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater _ a cotton one. A. but B. or C. and D. not ( ) 2 Either Mary _ Lucy told him to come to see us. A. or B. and C. with D. nor ( ) 3 Hurr
11、y up, _ well be late for the film. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( ) 4 Be quick, _ well be late. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _ we couldnt see any more monkeys. A. but B. so C. and D. for ( ) 6 _ Li Ping _ Wu Fang _ League members. A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is C. Both;
12、 and; are D. Neither; or; is ( ) 7 You can _ stay at home _ go out to play. A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and ( ) 8 _ Wei Hua _ Ann_ very busy. A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are ( ) 9 _ Monday_ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then. A. Either; or B.
13、 Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and ( ) 10 _ my brother_ sister are doctors. A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or二、从属连词：1分类： 从句种类主要从属连词 时间从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 条件从句 if, unless 目的从句 in order that, so that 结果从句 sothat, suchthat, so that, so 原因从句
14、because, as, since 让步从句 although, though, even though(if), while 方式从句 as if, as though 地点从句 where, wherever 比较从句 than, as说明that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。2引导时间状语从句的连词(重点)：when: Dont get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。while: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。as: He smiled as he
15、 passed. 他经过时笑了笑。before: It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。after: Ill tell them after you leave. 我将在你走后告诉他们。until, till: I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。since: How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？whenever: Whenever it is possible, they play
16、outside.一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。3引导条件状语从句的连词(重点)：1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导： if: If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home. unless: I wont write unless he writes first. 我不写信，除非他先给我写。2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：(难点)You will always have a home as long as I have anything. 只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。I will cal
17、l you as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给你打电话。4引导目的状语从句的连词：（重点）in order that: I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday. 我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。5引导结果状语从句的连词：1）结果状语从句主要由sothat和suchthat 引导： sothat: He was so f
18、at that he couldnt get though the door. 他胖得连门都过不去了。 suchthat: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet. 吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.6引导原因状语从句的连词： because: Because it rained he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。 as: As youre sorry, Ill forgive yo
19、u. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since: Since you will go there, I will go too. 既然你要去，那我也去。7让步状语从句的连词：although / though: Though / Although it is not large, the room was light . 房间虽然不大，采光却很好。 even if: Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。8引导方式状语从句的连词as: You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。
20、like: She cant draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。as if / as though: He looked about as if looking for something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。9引导地点状语从句的连词：（难点）where: Ill drive you where youre going. 你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。wherever: Well go wherever you say. 你说哪里我们就到哪里。everywhere: Everywhere he went, he was introduced
21、 as the current US champion. 不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。no matter where: Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are. 不管在哪里你都要带着手机。10引导比较状语从句的连词：than: You sing better than I do. 你的歌唱的比我好。as: Thats not so simple as it sounds. 那事并不像听起来那么简单。11 引导其他从句的连词：1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：
22、that: She always complains that he is down on her. 她老是抱怨他看不起她。 whether: I dont know whether you like flowers. 我不知道你喜不喜欢花。2）that和whether 还可以引导表语从句：that: The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有真正去努力。whether: The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否应当推荐他。【基础练习】（一）选择所给的连词填空：when, be
23、cause, but, before, if, so.that, as.as, notuntil, and, after, or, since1. Hurry up, please! _youll be late for school.2. She _go to bed _ her mother came back.3. Yesterday Jim didnt go to see the film, _he must go over his lessons.4. The students were talking about the sports meeting _ the teacher c
24、ame in.5. I was _tired _I couldnt walk any more.6. This building is _ tall _ that one.7. Tom was ill yesterday, _he still went to school as usual.8. He asked me _I would go there with him.9. We have studied here _ 1994. 10. The child had studied English for two years _he went to middle school. 11. _
25、the boy finished his homework, he went to bed. 12. Study hard on your subjects, _youll do well in the exam.（二）选择最佳答案：( )1. Liu Ming told us _ his class were excited by the news. A. when B. how C. that D. before( )2. My father didnt come back _ he finished all the work. A. until B. while C. if D. as
26、soon as( )3. More people came _ I had expected. A. as if B. so that C. since D. than( )4. He cant decide which to choose _ theres no difference between them. A. but B. so C. because D. and( )5. Life today is easier _ it was hundreds of years ago. A. than . as C. what D. when【中等题】（一）并列连词1. That was a
27、 long_ dull talk.A. so B. and C. so that D. or2. _ the parents_ their children wanted to move to the country.A. Both, as well as B. Neither, nor C. Either, and D. Both, also3. He wont live in town, _will his wife.A. either B. neither C. also D. too4. Charlie took the job,_ he did it very well.A. so
28、B. yet C. and D. so that5. My grandfather is in his eighties, _he is still in good health.A. or B. but C. so D. for （二）从属连词1. I asked him _dog it was.A. whose B. which C. whos D. where2. They go to concerts of modem music_ they really like it.A. because B. if C. though D. after3. Find out_ they are going this evening and ask_ may join them.A. whether, that B. where, whetherC. what, if D. where, why4. His talk was_ dull_ we all got bored.A. as, as B. very, thatC. so. as D. so, that5. Mother asked Charlie_ lie had stayed out so late.A. how B. why C. when D. where
