1、Unit 1 FriendshipPeriod 1 Warming up and Reading comprehension课前自主学案一、重点单词1 adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦2 vt. 不理睬；忽视3 adj. 松的；松开的4 adv. 在户外；在野外5 adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的 n 德国人；德语6 vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n雷；雷声7 adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地8 n. 能力；力量；权力9 n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布10 adj. 积满灰尘的二、重点短语1 合计2 （使）平静下来；（
2、使）镇定下来3 关心；挂念 4 经历；经受5 记下；放下；登记 6 故意7 在黄昏时刻8 为了9 遛狗10 变松11 一连串的；一系列；一套 12 热衷于，迷恋三、课文预习1. Annes family had been in their hiding place for _before they were discovered.A. only one year B. over two years C. at least three years D. about a year and a half2. Ann chose the diary as her best friend mostly
3、because _.A. she could write down a series of facts in it. B. she hated being laughed by other people.C. she could share everything including feelings and thoughts with it. D. the diary could help her from being caught by Nazis.3. Anne said that she had grown so crazy about nature because _.A. she h
4、ad been outdoors for long. B. she had always been interested in nature.C. her parents told her a lot of interesting things about nature.D. she was no longer able to go outside for a long time.4. The real reason why Anne didnt dare to open the window is that _.A. the moon was too bright. B. it was ra
5、ining and cold outside.C. she was afraid of dark night. D. her family might be discovered and caught by Nazis.5. We can know that the family were caught by Nazis in _.A. about June 1945 B. about February 1945.C. about December 1944. D. about November 1944.Period 2 language Points知识探究与发现1. go through
6、 经历, 经受The country has too many wars. 经历Id like to have you the book. 浏览Mother the drawer looking for the sweater. 仔细查看2. hide: hid, hid/hiddenhide away 躲藏, 隐匿hide away + 地点状语 hide +宾语 + away hide away + 宾语They were afraid and .The thief hid away in a friends house.She hid her money away.3. set down
7、 放下; 记下; 登记Why dont you set your ideas down on paper?你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢?I will set down the story as it was told tome.我要把这听来的故事原原本本地记下来。I everything that happened then.You should set down the key language points in your notebook.set off 动身, 出发, 引爆set out 出发, 着手干(to do)They set off/out at down and arrive
8、d there at about 10:00 am.The little boy dare not set off the fireworks.George set out to improve his handwriting. 约翰开始努力改进他的书法。set up 创建, 建立The government has set up a committee to inquire into the problem.政府成立了一个委员会调查这个问题。4. series (单复同形)There is a television series on this channel every night. 电视
9、连续剧a series of + n. (pl) 一连串的; 一系列; 一套a series of good harvests/ questionsHe saw a series of white arrows painted on theroad.他看见马路上画有一连串的白色箭头。Theres been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.近来在这一路段发生了一连串事故。5. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so l
10、ong that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故, 我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。1) I wonder if 我不知是否 I wonder if you can help me repair my bikeits because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that是强调句。强调句的构成: It is / was +被强调部分 + that/ who 即学即练: 对句子划线部分进行强调I came a
11、cross them in the club two days ago.强调主语： 强调宾语： 强调地点状语： 强调时间状语: 被强调部分也可以是从句。 He went back to his hometown when the war was over. 2）outdoors adv. 在户外;在野外 反义词: indoors 户外, 野外Children usually prefer playing outdoors. outdoor adj. 户外的, 野外的 (作定语置于名词前) an outdoor sport / game 户外运动indoor a. 屋内的,室内的(置于n之前)
12、indoor flowers 室内花卉3) grow/be crazy about 热衷于迷恋 be crazy to do sthThe boy is crazy about skating.4) do with与有关；处理, 对付The man is difficult to do with.have something to do with 与有些关系 have nothing to do with 与没有关系have a lot/much to do with 与有很大关系6. stay awake 1) stay 使保持某种状态I stayed awake through the s
13、tormy night. He stayed single all his life. Stay seated!2) awake 醒着的 Is he awake or asleep? 他睡着还是醒着?awake为表语形容词, 不做定语。类似词有: afraid, alive, alone, asleep, etc.7. in order to do 为了(做什么事) so as to do (不用于句首)He works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是为了养家糊口。He got up very early in order to
14、catch the first bus.他起的很早是为了赶上头班车。 in order that+句子In order that everybody should hear him, he spoke loudly. 他大声说话，为了使大家都能听见。8. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.1)用too much, too many, much too 填空a) You have wasted too much time. b）You have given me too much. c) The
15、 schoolbag is heavy. I have put too many books in it. d) The dress is _ long for me.e) There is very little room in the house because it has far_ furniture.f) Its _ hot.g) I have _ homework to do, so I have no time to go there.2）dare v. 敢, 敢于 具有情态动词和一般动词两种用法 在肯定句中的dare, dares, dared之后, 不定式一般加to。He d
16、ares to do most things.He dared to do that and something even worse. 在否定句中和疑问句中的dare之后, 不定式一般不加toWe could see he dared not tell the truth. Dare she tell them what she knows?How dare you say so?Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather?Exercisea) He dares not tell his parents about his
17、 failure in the exam.（改错） b) No one _ go into the old house at night. c) _you _drive that car without asking your parents permission?d) I wonder how he _ that to the teacher A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared saye) The little girl _ go down-stairs alone when her parents are out .
18、 A. dares not to B. dares not C. dare not to D. dare not f) She is a bit shy and _ stand up and answer the teachers questions. A. dares not B. doesnt dare to C. dare not to D. dares not to9. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 还有一次，就在五个月前的一个晚上，我碰
19、巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。 (=Another time some months ago, it happened that I was upstairs one evening when the window was open.)句中happen的意思是“碰巧”。happen 作“碰巧”解时，常见结构为：1) happen to do something碰巧做；偶然做You dont happen to know his name, do you?你会不会碰巧知道他的名字？2) happen to be doing something 碰巧在做When I went to visit him,
20、 he happened to be going out.= When I went to visit him, it happened that he was going out.我们去看他时，他碰巧正要出去。3) happen to have done碰巧做过She happened to have heard the news.(= It happened that she had heard the news.)她碰巧听到了这个消息。4) It (so) happens that碰巧It just so happens that I have her phone number righ
21、t here.真是无巧不成书, 我这里正好有她的电话号码。10. entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地 同义词：completelyI admit it was entirely my fault.Im not entirely happy with that idea. 我对那个主意十分满意.11. power n.1) (人的)能力, 精力, 力量do everything in ones power to help 尽力帮助out of / beyond ones power 能力所不及Knowledge is power. 2) 权利, 权限the power of
22、the law (法律) come into power 握权 in power 当权, 执政12. It / This is the first / second time that +主语+have / has done.It / This was the first / second / third time that + 主语+ had done.意为“某人第几次做某事” 1) It is the second time that Tom _ to Beijing.2) It was the third time that I _ to the super star.3) Im not
23、 familiar with the town. It is the first time that I _. 4)He told me it was the fourth time that he _ (犯同样的错误).13. face to face 面对面地 (在句中作状语) face-to-face a. 面对面的 (作定语)We are talking face to face.We have a face-to-face interview.拓展：hand in hand 手拉手地 side by side 肩并肩地 back to back 背对背地arm in arm 臂挽臂地
24、 step by step 逐步地 one by one 一个一个地heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地14. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是必须亲身体验的。本句中，it是形式主语，looking through 是真正主语。类似结构：Its no use talking with him. He is too stub
25、born. 跟他谈也没用。他太固执了。Its no good eating too much before going to bed. 睡觉前吃得太多没有好处。Period 3 GrammarDirect Speech & Indirect SpeechDefinition引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。 直接引语:直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)间接引语: 用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)问题：直接引语转换为间接引语时，要有变化，如何变化? n 句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化 (一)人称的转变He said, “I am very sorry. ” S
26、he said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” “You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.n He said that he was very sorry. n She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. n My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对
27、待，要符合逻辑。(二)时态的转换n “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. n She said she was very glad to visit our school. n Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” n Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. n Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” n Mother
28、 asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Conclusion n 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :n 一般现在时 一般过去时 n 现在进行时 过去进行时 n 现在完成时 过去完成时 n 一般将来时 过去将来时 n 一般过去时 过去完成时 n 过去完成时 不变 n 过去进行时 不变 (三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化n nowthen n todaythat day n yes
29、terdaythe day before n last week(month).the week(month)before n tomorrowthe next (following)day n next yearthe year before n two days agotwo days before n thisthatn thesethose n herethere n comego n bringtake (四) 从句时态无须改变的情况n He always says, “I am tired out. ” n He always says that he is tired out.
30、n He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” n He will say that he will try his best to help me. n He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” n He told us that he went to college in 1994. n He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” n He said that when he was a child, he us
31、ually played football after school. n Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” n Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. n He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” n He said that practice makes perfect. n He said, “She must be a teacher. ” n He said that she must be a
32、teacher. n The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ” n The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. Conclusion n 1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候 n 2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 n 3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 n 4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 n 5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时 n 6. 当引语是谚语、格言时 n 7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, wo
33、uld, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时 (五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 陈述句 n He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” n He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. n He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” n He told us that he would give us an examinat
34、ion the next Monday. n 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that 一般疑问句 n He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” n He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. n He said, “You are in
35、terested in English, arent you?” n He asked whether I was interested in English. n间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 特殊疑问句 n He said to me，“Whats your name?” n He asked me what my name was. n He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” n He aske
36、d us how many car factories had been built in our country. n原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 选择疑问句 n He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” n He asked me whether I spoke English or French. n I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” n I asked him whether he would take bus or tak
37、e train. n 用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 祈使句如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. 如：The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” add upcalm down be concerned aboutgo throughset downa series ofon purpose at duskface to face
38、no longersuffer frompack upget along withfall in love with join in The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.“Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us. The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what,
39、 how或that来引述。如：“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me. He told me what a beautiful house it was. He told me that it was a beautiful house.直接引语与间接引语专练I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how2. Joyce, ple
40、ase dont open the window. Pardon? I _ open the window. A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. told you not to3. He _ they didnt start early they wouldnt catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay
41、how much B. I paid how much C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 6. The doctor asked me what _ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 7. He asked the boy where _. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother8. They said at last that they _ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 9. The teacher said that doubt _
