1、 九年级英语总复习资料一、被动语态： 1.总述： 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 巧记为：主动、主动、主语去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 巧记为：被动、被动、主语被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 现以teach
2、为例说明被动语态的各种时态的构成。 一般现在时之被动语态的动词形态： amisaretaught 现在被教 一般过去时之被动语态的动词形态： wasweretaught 过去被教 一般将来时之被动语态的动词形态： willshall betaught 将来被教 歌诀：被动语态be动词，体现时态是关键；过去分词跟后面，被动语态才完全。3.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some computers were stolen last night. 昨晚，一些电脑被盗了。 (不知道是谁偷的) The window was broken yesterday. 昨天，
3、窗户被打破了。 (不知道是谁打破的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 （没必要说出执行者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours a day for sleep must be guaranteed. 应用歌诀：谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要； 动作受者要强调，被动语态运用到。 4.主动语态变被动语态的方法： (1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，是代词时，改宾格为主格。 *(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)
4、(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，是代词时，改主格为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. =He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. =The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀：宾变主语主变宾，by宾短语随后跟。关键谓语动词动，be和“过分”来使用。 5.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成
5、被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成。 歌诀：情态动词变被动，要牢记住三部分，情态加be加“过分”。例如：We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired by us in two days. You ought to take it away. =It ought to be taken away by you. They should do it at once. = It should be done by them at once.二、动名词简述：形式为V-ing，是具有动词性质的名词。如：I li
6、ke swimming.与不定式一样，除了不用作谓语动词，可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。1、动名词的用法1)作主语：Swimming is good exercise. 2)作宾语：He enjoys fishing. 3)作表语：Teaching is learning. （教学相长。） 注意：当动名词作主语和表语时，一般是可以和动词不定式互换的。Swimming is good exercise.=To swim is good exercise. Teaching is learning. =To teach is to learn.要强调的是当动名词和动词不定式用作主语时，谓语动词
7、只能用单数形式。如：Reading books widens our eyes.（阅读开阔了我们的眼界。） To tell a lie is wrong.（说谎是错误的。）2、区分“动名词”和“现在分词”He likes walking.（动名词）My habit is walking after dinner.（动名词）He is walking.（现在分词）*原则：当碰到Be+V-ing结构时，能换位的为动名词，不能的为现在分词。如：Walking after dinner is my habit.的表达也是对的。而上句则不能表达，所以是现在分词。3、学习中应当注意的几个问题初中常见的只能
8、接动名词为宾语的动词。avoid(避免) mind(介意) finish(完成) miss(错过) consider(考虑) enjoy(享受)如：I must avoid doing such a thing. I finished reading the book. We are considering taking a trip to Europe.虽然是同一动词，但后接的动名词与不定式的意思有很大差别的动词有五个stop,regret,try,forget and remember。 口诀：动名表前不定后，停止后悔图记忆。stop（停止）后跟动名词，表示“停止做某事”；跟to+动词原形
9、，表示“停止正在做的事，而去做别的事”。 如：Stop smoking, please. 请不要吸烟。We are tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。forget（忘记）后面跟动名词，表示“忘记做过某事（以前做过）”；跟to+动词原形，表示“忘记去做某事（以后要去）”。如：I forget doing homework this morning. 我忘记今天早上做过作业了。 I forget to do homework this morning. 我忘记今天早上做作业了。 remember（记住）后跟动名词，表示“记得以前做过某
10、事”；跟to+动词原形，表示“记得以后要去做某事”。 如：I remember posting the letter today. 我记得今天把信寄走了。 Please remember to post the letter today. 请记住今天要把信寄走。 同一动词后的不定式和动名词可以互换的动词。like/love （喜欢、爱）hate/dislike （恨、不喜欢） begin/start （开始）continue （继续） 如：It began raining/to rain. He likes studying/to study with us. We continued loo
11、king/to look for the missing boy.而like还常用于would like to do something句型，表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如：I would like to have some chips. 我想要吃些薯条。begin如果本身是进行时态，其后面只能接不定式。 如：Its beginning to rain. （T） Its beginning raining. （F） 三、现在分词和过去分词简述：英语中的分词分两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的。 The boiling water is hot.（开水很烫。）正在烧
12、的水 She has a smiling face.（她有一张微笑的面孔。） 过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例-）： You can use the boiled water to make tea.（你能用开水来泡茶。）沸过了的水，在瓶中 Where is my lost key?（我丢失了的钥匙在哪里？）在语义上，现在分词有 “令人”的含义；过去分词则有“感到”的意思：This is an interesting movie. Im interested in this movie.在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语与有关分词有“发出动作”的关系，就用现在分词。如：Dont keep the v
13、isitor waiting.(别让客人一直在等。）如果宾语和有关分词有“承受”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了。如：Where did you get your book printed?（你去哪里打印你的书？）四、 宾语从句：由疑问词引导的宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的疑问词分为两类：疑问代词(what、whom、who、whose、which) 疑问副词(when、where、why、how)。语序：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句一律用陈述语序, 即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如：1.Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives ？ 2.Please
14、 tell me what your name is .时态 1. 如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时, 宾语从句的时态可根据实际表达的需要来确定。如：1). Jenny knows the man a kite at that time.（fly） 2). I know that he computers well. 我知道他电脑玩得很熟。2. 如果主句是一般过去时, 宾语从句用过去时态的某种形式。如：1). Jenny knew the man a kite at that time. （fly）2). I knew that he computers well. 我知道他电脑玩得很熟。3.
15、 若宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等，从句不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。如：1).He said time money.(be)2).He told the girl that leaves green in autumn.(turn)3). When he was still a boy, he knew that the earth around the sun. (move)五、（问路和指路）1. 问路时应首先说一声：“Excuse me.”（打扰了）2.问完路后，千万不要忘记向对方说句“Thank you for helping me.” 或“Thank you.”3
16、.问路时经常用到“向左(右)拐”这样的表达，英语对此有两种说法，即turn left (right)或turn to the left (right)。表示“在左(右)边”，英语用介词on或at均可。基本句型：1. Excuse me, can you tell me where the railway station is? 打扰一下，请问火车站在哪儿?2. Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the train station? 劳驾，请问去火车站怎么走?3. Excuse me, could you tell me which is the
17、 way to the nearest hospital? 劳驾，请问去最近的医院怎么走?4. Excuse me, would you please show me the way to the post office? 请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?5. Excuse me, would you mind telling me the way to the police station? 劳驾，请告诉我去警察局怎么走好吗？6. Excuse me, how can I get to No. 1 Middle School? 劳驾，请问去一中怎么走?7. Excuse me, is this t
18、he right way to the Peoples Park? 打扰了，请问去人民公园走这条路对吗?8. Excuse me. Could you tell me if there is a Yutan Middle School near here? 打扰了，请问玉潭中学是否在这附近？9. Excuse me. Do you know how I can get to Yutan Middle School? = Excuse me. Do you know how to get to Yutan Middle School? 请问，你知道怎样去玉潭中学吗?指路的方式1. Go alon
19、g this street, and is on you left.2. Go down this way, and turn left at the first crossing, and youll find is right there, on your left.3. is behind (near, next to, on the left of) 4. You can just take No. 111 bus, and get off at the second station. And youll see it.六、.情态动词must, may , might, could,
20、may , cant表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同 must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could可能，也许(20%80%的可能性) cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零) The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because He likes listening to pop music. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all
21、, he is boy!七、定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常位于被修饰词之后，被修饰的词称作先行词。e.g. 1). I like music that I can dance to. 是先行词, 是关系代词。 2). He is the man who I met yesterday. 是先行词, 是关系代词。句型构成规则：先行词(人) +关系代词who/that +从句；或先行词(物) +关系代词that/which +从句 把主句和从句连接起来 who / that在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。下面的例句是由which, tha
22、t和who引导的定语从句。请仔细观察，补全结论部分所缺内容。1. China is a country which / that has a long history.2. This is the book (which / that) my mother bought me yesterday. 3. The man who / that is standing by the door is her brother. 4. I like the boy (who / whom / that) I met at the party.【结论】1. 观察例句可知 which引导的定语从句修饰的是_(人/物)。who引导的定语从句修饰的是_(人/物)。 2. 由例句1和3可知，which和who在定语从句中可以作_语； 例句2和4可以看出，which和who在定语从句中还可以作_语。在从句中作宾语的关系词 (可以/不可以)省略。
