1、选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the LandPart A 重点词汇1. devote vt. 把. .献(给);把 . .专用于; 专心于转化:devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;关爱 devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 用法:devote ones life/oneself to (doing) sth 把用于; 献身;致力;专心2. convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服转化: convinced adj. 坚信;深信;确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的 convincingly adv. 令人信服地;有说服力地用法:convin
2、ce sb of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事convince sb that . 使某人相信3. attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到转化: attainable adj. 可获得的,可达到的近义词:obtain, acquire, get, earn, get4. assumption n.C 假定;设定;(责任的)承担; (权利的)获辑转化: assume vt. 假定,认为;承担(责任) assuming conj. 假如,假设为真用法:make assumptions/an assumption about . 对.做假
3、设on the assumption that . 假定.,假设.5. expand vt. & vi. 扩大;増加 vt. 扩展;发展(业务)转化: expansion n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大用法:expand into . 扩大成.,发展成为.辨析:expand, extend, spread6. estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n. 估计;估算用法:estimate sth. at . 估算某物为.be estimated to do sth. 被估计为.It is estimated (that). 据估计.7. comprise vt.(不用于进行时)包括;包含;由.组
4、成 用法:be comprised of 包括;包含;由.组成(或构成) 类似表达: be made up of/consist of . .The class is comprised mainly of British and French students.这个班级主要由英国和法国的学生组成。8. reality n.现实;实际情况;事实转化: real adj. 真的;真实的;真正的 really adj. 事实上;真正地;真实地 realistic adj. 现实的;实事求是的用法:become a reality 变成现实in reality 事实上;实际上bring . back
5、 to reality 使.回到现实face/accept reality 面对/接受现实9. instance n.例子;实例;事例用法:for instance 例如;比如10. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)转化: deep adj. 深的 adv. 在深处;至深处;深深地 deeply adv. 很,非常;强烈地,深深地 deep deepen vi.&vt. 加深,(使)变深;增长(知识),加深(理解)用法:in depth 全面;深入;详细 at a depth of. 在.的深处Part B 重点短语1. deep down在内心深处;本质上;实际上Deep d
6、own, Yuan Longping is still very much a farmer at heart.在内心深处,袁隆平还是一个很有农民情怀的人。2. in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响生长在土地上的农作物,转而又影响消化他们的动物和人类。3. far from 几乎相反,远非;远离 表示具体距离时用(away) from不用far fromHowever, this is far f
7、rom the case. 然而,事实远非如此。I know a good Chinese restaurant not far from here。我知道有家不错的中国餐馆离这里不远。Part C 重点句型1. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻(种子),农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。【析】句中现在分词Using his hybrid rice 作原因状语,twice as large as before是倍数表达。 (1)倍数 +形容词/副词的比较级
8、+ than.英语中的倍数表达法 (2)倍数 + as +形容词/副词的原级 + as.(3)倍数 + the + 名词+ of.注意:三倍以上用times表示,两倍用twice或者double表示。2. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.然而,最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损,甚至更危险的是,会对
9、人们的健康造成危害。【析】句中的have been finding是现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并将持续下去。现在完成进行时用法:(1)表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作。(2)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作。(3)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在(可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内)重复发生的动作。标志:1. 句中常有延续性动词;2. 时间点前有sincePart D 课标词汇、短语1. shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺2. tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理3. crisis n. ( crises) 危机;危急关头4. boost
10、vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励5. characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的6. intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的7. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 克服;解决;战胜8. output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt. (output, output)输出9. domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的; 家庭的10. consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费11. generate vt.产生;引起12. soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土13. celebrity n.名誉;名
11、人;名流14. grain n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒15. vision n.想象:视力;视野; 影像16. salty adj.含盐的;成的17. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城的18. bomb n.炸弹 vt.轰炸;对投炸弹19. extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机20. chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的;化学制品;化学品21. wheat n.小麦22. flavour (flavor) n.味道;特点;特色23. nutritional adj.营养(物)的nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的nutrition n.营养;滋养24. po
12、verty n.贫穷;贫困25. organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的26. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的27. essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的28. mineral n.矿物;矿物质29. alternative n.可供选择的事物.可供替代的;非传统的30. grocery n.食品杂货店;31. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源32. entirely adv.全部地;完整地:完全地33. aspect n.方面;层面Part E 单元语法 主语从句(The Subject Clause)概念:在复合句中充当主语的句子,
13、叫做主语从句。句子结构:“主语从句(引导词+主语+谓语.)+谓语动词+句子其它.”What he said is of great importance . 他所说的很重要。主语从句引导词:1)that引导主语从句,本身无词义,在从句中不作成分,但不可省略。 That Tom passed the exam made his parents happy. 汤姆通过了考试,这让他父母很高兴。2)whether引导主语从句,意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分,不可省略,位于句首时不能用if。Whether we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather
14、.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气。3)what 引导主语从句,意为“.的事,”在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,不可省略。What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation .(what 在从句作主语)去太空旅行所需要的就是仔细的准备。What they want is a good book.(what 在从句作宾语)他们想要的就是一本好书。4)其它特殊疑问词引导的主语从句:注意特殊疑问词引导的主语从句要用陈述语序。 Who will do it doesnt matter.谁要做这件事没关系。Which plan is better w
15、ill be announced later.哪个计划更好稍后宣布。Whose book it is is unknown.它是谁的还书不知道。When the meeting will be held hasnt been decided .会议什么时候举行还没有决定。Where we will go for a picnic is still a problem . 我们要去哪里野营仍然是个问题。Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle .恐龙为什么灭绝了仍然是个谜。How gold was found there is not clear.金子是如何
16、在那里被发现的现在还不清楚。(三)主语从句it 做形式主语 为了避免主语显得过长,可以用it 作为句子的主语,把主语从句移到句子的末尾。1 . that 引导主语从句,it 作形式主语常用句式:1 ) It +be +adj(certain,likely,surprising,.+ that 从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考的很好。注意以下几个形容词常用虚拟语气句式:“It is +adj(strange奇怪的,natural 自然的,necessary 必然的,important重要的)+ that 从句”(从
17、句谓语动词用“should +动词原形”,should 可省略)It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that .真奇怪,他竟然那样对待他父母。It is important that students should attend all the lectures.所有的学生都应该去听课,这是很重要的。2)It +be +n (a /no wonder 奇怪/难怪,an honor荣 幸,a pity/a shame 遗憾,+that 从句)It is no wonder that you are so tir
18、ed.难怪你这么累呢。It is a wonder that you have been walking for hours. 令人奇怪的是你一直走了好几个小时。3)It + be +过去分词(known,said,reported,thought.)+ that 从句It is well known that practice makes perfect.众所周知熟能生巧。注意:It is suggested/proposed/recommended(建议,提议),desired(要求)+that 从句,从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”,should 可省略。It is sugg
19、ested that the meeting (should ) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules .强烈要求每个学生都应该遵守学校纪律。4)It happens/happened that 从句(碰巧.) It happened that she was out when he called.他打电话时她碰巧不在家。2 .whether 引导主语从句,it 作形式主语常用句式:1)whether 与or not 直接连用It
20、 makes no difference whether or not he will come .他是否来无关要紧。2)whether 与表示选择的or连用It makes no difference whether he comes or leaves.他是来还是去无关要紧。 3)与or not 不直接连用,whether/if 都可It makes no difference whether/if he will come or not. 他是否来无关要紧。3.特殊疑问词(who,when ,why ,where,how. )引导 主语从句,it 作形式主语常用句式:It makes n
21、o difference where we will have the meeting. 我们在哪开会都无所谓It hasnt been decided who will give us a speech.谁要给我们做演讲还没有决定。It is hard to understand why there is gravity .为什么有引力很难理解。(四)主语从句注意:1.主语从句的语序:陈述语序Whose book it is is unknown.它是谁的还书不知道。2.主谓一致:单个的主语从句作主语,主句的谓语动词用单数。When the meeting will be held hasnt been decided.会议什么时候举行还没有决定。Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.恐龙为什么灭绝了仍然是个谜。3.主语从句,表示“是否”,位于句首时只能用 whether。Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气。