1、人教版八年级上册英语 Unit3单元知识点总结Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister. 知识点1. laughvi. 笑、发笑(出声的大笑)例:We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好 / 不要高兴得太早laugh at 嘲笑、因而笑例:Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑n. 笑;笑声smil
2、e:v. 无声的微笑smile at“向微笑”例:He smiled at me. 他朝我微笑2. thoughconj. 虽然;纵然;即使;尽管 = although例:Though it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了adv. 不过,可是,然而 常用于句末,用逗号隔开例:Jim said that he would come, he didnt, though. 3. hard-working adj. 努力工作的,勤奋的例:Hes a hard-working boy. 他是个勤奋的男孩hard work、work hardhar
3、d work 名词短语 辛苦的工作 hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词work例:What hard work it is! 这是多么辛苦的工作啊!work hard 动词短语 努力工作 hard是副词,修饰动词work例:He always works hard. 他总是努力工作4. carev. 在意、担忧、关心词组:care about 关心;在意care for 喜欢;照顾例:Your mother truly cares about you. 你妈妈确实关心你。不可数名词 小心;注意词组:take care 当心,小心 = be careful take care of 照顾 = lo
4、ok after例:You should take care of yourself.5. wild adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的be wild with joy 欣喜若狂be wild to do sth. 渴望做某事6. calmadj.镇静的,沉着的n. 平静 v. (使某人)镇静,安静calm /still /quiet /silentcalm 镇静的,平静的 指不受干扰时的宁静,平静,如海洋的平静用于人时,指沉着,镇定,安定例:When we face danger, we should keep calm.still 不动的,静止的,寂静的 仅仅指物理上的安静状态例:The baby
5、kept still when she was taking photos.quiet 安静的 静止的,指寂静的状态,没有吵闹或指人的,文静,也可指活动的信息例:Be quiet,everyone.The teacher is coming.silent 沉默的,无言的 主要用于人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。例:We shouldnt keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions.7. as 像一样as在不同的语境中,有许多不同的含义(阅读理解出现频率较高)prep. 作为;以为职业例:He finds a job as a
6、n editor.adv. 像一样;如同例:I can run quickly. My sister can run as quickly.conj. 和一样;像例:It isnt so easy as you think. 这不像你想的那么容易conj. 当时候例:As I was coming here.I met your brother.conj. 按照例:Do as you are told.conj. 因为,由于例:As it was raining,I stayed at home.as的词组: as soon as possible 尽快地 as if 好像 such as 比
7、如as for 关于 至于 the sameas 和一样8.in some ways 在一些方面关于way的词组:by the way 顺便说一下 lose ones way 迷路on ones way to在某人去的路上 in the way 挡路in a way 在某种程度上 go the wrong way 走错路9. look the same 看上去一样look different 看上去不同 look like 看起来像例:Mary looks like her mother. 玛丽看起来像她的妈妈10. both adj./pron./adv. 两个都 用在be 动词后,行为动词
8、前例:You are both too young. / They both speak English.Both of . +名词复数(复数谓语)bothand 两者都 (复数谓语)反义词组:neithernor 两者都不 (谓语单复数按照就近原则)11. more than one+n. 不止一个 作主语时 谓语用三单more than 超过,多余 = over12. not as/soas 不如,和不一样 注意:中间省略号的部分要+形容词和副词的原级例:as tall as例:Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘英不如她的妹
9、妹擅长体育。13. be the same as 和一样be different from 与不同的例:My friend is the same as me. 我的朋友和我一样14. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词例:I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友能使我开心15. He always beats me in tennis.beat/win 都是动词 赢beat+人win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词例:We won the football game. Li li beat all the runner
10、s in the 100-metre race.16. stop 停止stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事17. serious adj 严肃的,稳重的例:My math teacher is very serious in class.我的数学老师在课堂上很严肃nothing serious 没有什么严重的事例:There is nothing serious with you. 你的病没有什么大不了的be serious about 对.认真例:Is she serious about giving up her job? 她
11、说要辞职时认真的吗?18.as long as 只要;既然1)只要 引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词时,其从句用一般现在时表将来例:You will get good grades as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,就会取得好成绩2)既然 引导原因状语从句例:As long as you want to stay at home, lets play chess at home.既然你想呆在家里,那就让我们在家下棋吧19.bring out 使显现;使表现出例:I want to bring out the meaning of the poem
12、.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义bring out 出版;生产例:The company is bringing out a new sports car.这个公司正生产一种新型跑车bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/ 最坏的一面展现出来例:Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.请告诉我怎样把最好的一面展现出来20.reach for sth. 伸手取某物 例:He reaches for the box, but he is too short.她伸手取这个盒子,但是他太矮了reach是及物动词 到达,
13、抵达例:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京?Reach/get to /arrivereach 及物动词,后面直接跟地点arrive 和get 是不及物动词,当后面跟地点时,一定要加介词具体如下:arrive不及物动词,表示到达、抵达某地(尤指行程的终点)in+大地方at+小地方例:I arrived in Xian yesterday. reach及物动词,直接接宾语,无须介词,和arrive一样,属正式用语例:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京?get 不及物动词 只是它多用于口语 get to 到达例
14、:How can I get to the railway station?如若是地点副词,则不需用介词arrive home get home语法 形容词和副词的比较级形容词:修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词 1. 系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)之后要接形容词例:He looks happy today. 2. 形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等复合不定代词时,须放在其后例:Would you like something hot to drink?3.the +部分形容词 一类人the
15、young the old the rich the poor4.只能作表语的形容词:afraid 害怕 alone 独自的asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的alive 活着的 well 健康的 ill 病的 frightened 害怕的 例:The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 5.只能作定语的形容词:little 小的only 唯一的wooden 木质的elder 年长的 例:My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误)6. 貌似副词的形容词:lonel
16、y 独自的friendly 友好的lively 生动的lovely 可爱的7. 复合形容词:snow-white 雪白的 English-speaking 说英语的 full-time 全日制的 well-known 众所周知的 kind-hearted 善良的 man-made 人造的take-away 可以带走的 ten-year-old 十岁的副词:用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等的词 大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,其构成方法见下表:大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly; careful-carefully以-y结尾的形容词变-y为-i, 再加lye
17、asy-easily; busy-busily以le结尾的形容词去掉-e, 再加-yterrible-terribly; gentle-gently以辅音+e结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely; safe-safely以元音+e结尾的形容词去掉-e, 再加-lytrue-truly注意:形容词good的副词形式是well high; fast; late; early等形容词和副词同形 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词 如:friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的 lively生动的 ugly 丑陋的 lonely 孤独的;寂寞的too.to. 与 so.that.,e
18、nough to do too/so 后面跟形容词或副词, to 后跟动词enough放在形容词副词之后that 后面跟从句 too + adj.+ to do sth. (“ 太以致不”) 是否定的结构, 用于简单句 adj.+enough to do sth. (足够做.) 用于简单句so + adj .+ that + 从句 (“如此以致”) 用于复合句例:He is too young to dress himself. 他太小,不会自己穿衣服。(太. 以致不能.) =He is so young that he cant dress himself. 他如此小,不会自己穿衣服。(如此
19、.以致.) =He is not old enough to dress himself. 他不够大,不会自己穿衣服了。(够.以致能.) 形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(不作比较),修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really比较级 较 更 (两者/同类别之间进行比较)最高级 最 (三者或三者以上作比较)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则变化 在原级词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级 highhigherhighest 以e结尾的词,直接加-r 或-st largelargerlargest 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母再加-er
20、或-est bigbiggerbiggest 辅音字母 + y 结尾的词,先变 “y”为 “i”,再加-er 或-est happyhappierhappiest 大部分双音节词和所有多音节词 在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级slowly-more slowly-most slowly beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad(坏的)ill(有病的)worseworstold(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多
21、的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注:older 指年龄大小elder 长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语)例:My father is older than my mother.例:My elder brother is a driver.farther 距离更远further 抽像的例:I want to study English further.比较级的用法1、两者之间的比较,句中有明显的标志词than例:Tom is taller than John2、Which/Who is + 比较级
22、, A or B ?例:Which is easier, maths or English?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语:Much (的多) 、a lot(的多)、even(更)、still(更)、a bit(一点儿) a little例:This city is much more beautiful than that oneToday is even hotter than yesterday.4、数量 + 比较级 than 例:My father is three years older than my mother.5、比较级+ and + 比较级 越来越例:Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热6、The + 比较级,the + 比较级 越,就越例:The more, the better. 越多越好 The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多,你就越容易变胖