1、必修5重点单词和短语汇总Unit11. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put down: 放下；写下，记下 put off: 推迟；延期 put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.
2、g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论）e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。【习惯用语】 draw a conclusion 作出结论 come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 3. defea
3、t vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。 conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”, e.g. conquer nature 征服自然 overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困难4.
4、attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料 be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护e.g. The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her. 女皇有个好医生照顾她。e.g. Dr. Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院照顾她。e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 妈妈不得不照
5、顾她生病的儿子。 attend to处理，注意倾听e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 你能及时处理这件事吗？e.g. I may be late I have got one or two things to attend. 我可能会迟到。我有些事要处理。5. expose暴露 expose sb./sth. to sth. He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。揭露 He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。 The crime of the corrupt of
6、ficials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。6. blame v. 责备；谴责；把归咎于 n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任 blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人 The police blamed the traffic accident on jack
7、s careless driving. be to blame for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任He is ready to take the blame for what had happened. put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人7. in addit
8、ion: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, whats moree.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我额外付了100元。e.g. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语，他不得不学第二语言。 区别: in addition to, except, besides, beside, apart from in addition to：除之外，还有，表示递进关系。e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunc
9、h in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 except: 除之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. besides 表示“除了以外，还有”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。 beside : 在旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily
10、 sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。 apart from有两种含义：1）相当于besides.意为“除以外（还包括）”e.g. Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2）相当于except.意为“除以外（不包括）”e.g. I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。 同义句转换1）He speaks French as well as English
11、. = He speaks French in addition to/besides English.2) Apart from the salary, its not a bad job. = In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job.8. absorb vt.专注，聚精会神e.g. be absorbed input ones heart into集中精力做某事e.g. I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。e.g. Absorbed
12、 in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。 吸收，把吸收入（absorb.into.）e.g. Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。 e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。e.g. The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could g
13、ive him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。重点句子精讲1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。 neither.nor.既不也不，连接句中两个相同成分。I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。Neither Jim nor his
14、 parents have seen the film.Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。 cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正 n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的.,.)e.g. The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。 e.g. When I left the hospital I was completely cured. e.g. That nasty shock cured him of hi
15、s inquisitiveness for ever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。e.g. This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治. a cure for sth.治疗的方法;解决问题，改善困境e.g. Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法? e.g. The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.2. So many thousands of terrified p
16、eople died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句，“So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当”。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time, each time, the last time, next time, the moment, the minute, immediately, instantly等。E
17、very time/Each time I express an opinion, she argues back.每当我发表意见时, 她总是反驳。I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。The last time I saw him, he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时
18、，请代我向他致以最好的问候。拓展延伸(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)Its (high) time that.从句动词用过去时或should动词原形。e.g. Its high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。3. With this extra evi
19、dence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。 announce vt.(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等) announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事 announce that.宣布；通知 It is announced that.据宣布 e.g. Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorr
20、ow.请通知你们班明天不上学。e.g. It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。 (2) (事情)显示；预告e.g. The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。拓展延伸announcement n.宣布；口头通知 announcer n.播音员Unit2重点词组：1. keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2. consist of由组成
21、3. leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏 4. divide into 分成 5. prepare to 准备 6. compare A with B 与比 7. compare A to B 把A比作B 8. asked the boss on the phone 通过电话 9. work out 做出；解决；设计出；计算出；锻炼；发展，进行；work on对.起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于 work in 在工作 work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄 10. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一个带家具的房子有所有的
22、现代方便的设施 11. familiar with熟悉 12. worried about the time available担心时间不够13. make a list of 列出关于的清单 14. on special occasions 在特殊的场合 15. the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服 16. set the world time设置世界时间 17. on either side of the line 在线的两端 18. fall asleep入睡 19. with delight 十分喜悦的词句精讲1. consist vi
23、.由.组成, 在于, 一致 consist of=be made up of 由组成;由构成1) Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。2) True charity doesnt consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。 2. 区别: separate . from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来） divide.into 把分开 （把整体分为若干部分）debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思；argue指提出理由或事实
24、，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点；discuss指一般讨论,谈论；quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵3. refer to 1)提及，指的是 e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考；查阅；询问 e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.e.g. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers
25、. 3) 关系到；关乎 e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.e.g. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书4. to ones surprise (prep) “to ones + 名词” 表 “令某人”，常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等。e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entir
26、ely unfit for sale. To Johns great relief they reached the house at last.5. . found themselves united peacefully “find +宾语宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”重点用法 leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone不管;撇下一个人leave aside搁置 leave behind遗忘;遗留6. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解词汇激活 break away from摆脱，脱离 break in闯入；插话 break i
27、nto闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)break off中止；折断；打折 break out爆发；突然发生 break through突破；冲垮break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离7. take the place of代替,取代 take place发生；举行 take ones place就位；代替某人in place of (= instead of)代替 in place在适当的位置out of place不得其所，不适当地 in the first place首先 from place to place到处；各处8. influence 1) v. 对产生影响 e.g. What
28、 influence you to choose a career in teaching? 2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school. 3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils. 13. There is no need to do没有必要做某事There is no doubt that 是毫无疑问的14. It is/seems/that 从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成Unit31、ack
29、v. & n. 缺乏；缺少的东西(1)v.(2)n.(3) 2、tolerate vt.容忍；忍受容忍，忍受3、instant adj.立即的，立刻的；n.瞬间，刹那(牛津P1058)I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出她了(1)(2)in instant need of help急需援助重点短语详解1. expect (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事 hope to do something 希望做某事2. overcome ones shortcomings 克服缺点 overcome enemy 压倒
30、, 制服be overcome with/by sth .不堪 (通常指感情，常用被动语态）She was overcome by fear. 她吓得要命3.First impressions.第一印象 impressions: n. C 印象;感想 impress 1) v. 使(某人)印象深刻He impressed me unfavorably. 我对他印象不好注意:使（某人）印象深刻，常用这个句型be impressed by/at/with sth 对留下深刻印象，惊叹通常用于被动语态,不用于进行时,常用于下列结构:The teachers were most impressed b
31、y your performance in the exam.2) v.使(某人)铭记impress sth on sb /impress sb with sth3）impressive 给人深刻印象的, 感人的an impressive scene 感人的场面an impressive ceremony 给人深刻印象的典礼4. take up 由take组成的短语：take office就职 take apart拆开 take in 吸收，留宿 take it easy别着急 take back收回 take down取下,记下take notes作笔记 take away拿走 take a
32、im瞄准take out拿 take notice of注意 take it for granted想当然的认为take hold of抓住 take steps to do sth采取措施做某事take sb as., 把某人当作 take advantage of利用 take a deep breath深呼吸5. remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事1）remind sb. to do sth 提醒某人做某事6. constant adj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的(1)constantly adv. 经常地，反复地 7. as a result (of) 因此r
33、esult from 起因于 result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)8. suffer from: 患有(疾病等);为所苦,因而吃苦头。suffer from the war / the flood遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难9. keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep away from 不接近;避开 keep back 留在后面,不上前;隐瞒keep off 不接近,挡住 keep out (of) 使在外keep up 跟上;赶上;保持
34、keep up with 跟上;不落人之后10. previous (adj)1) 在前的,早先的a previous engagementa previous experience2) 过急的,太快的You are previous in making the decision.11. transport n.运送/输；交通工具 v.运送/输transport from to 从输送到12. surrounding (1) adj. 周围的，附近的.(2) pl. 环境（自然环境）environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神环境。 13. 辨析: beat, hit与strikebeat
35、指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.14. lack n 缺乏,不足,没有 (a) lack ofShe showed a lack of humor.for lack of因缺乏lack 动词lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的be lacking in . 在不足15. 有关time的短语（看看）in on time: very quickly 立刻;马上all th
36、e time 一直, 始终at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次take ones time不要急，慢慢来at all times 无论何时,一直at one time 从前；一度at times 有时 behind the times 过时的,落伍的for the time being 暂且, 眼下 from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或 On time 按时once upon a time 从前at the same time 同时）Unit4重点单词详解acquire vt.获得；取得；学会(1)acquire a knowledge of.获得的知识acquire a
37、habit of.养成的习惯acquire a taste for.开始喜欢上(2)acquisition n. 获得；得到acquired adj.已取得的；后天获得的inform vt.通知；告诉(1)(2) information n. U 通知，消息，情报，信息case n. 情况；病例；案例in any case无论如何，总之in case以防(万一)in case of万一，如果发生in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装)in that case如果那样的话；在那种情况下as is often the case这是常有的事accuse vt.指控，指责，把归咎(于)accus
38、e sb. of sth. 控告/指责某人做某事charge sb. with sth. 指控/控告某人某事demand n. 要求，需要；vt.强烈要求(1)be in (great) demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfy ones demands满足某人的需求(2)demand to do sth.要求做某事demand that.should do.要求(从句用虚拟语气，should可省略)approve v. 赞成；认可；批准(1)(2)delighted形容词 a. 高兴的,快乐的(+at/with/by)+to-v+(that)assist1. 帮助,协助(+with/
39、in) 及物动词 vt.2. 支持,促进 不及物动词 vi.(1) 帮助,协助(+with/in)(2) 参加(+in)(3) 到场,出席(+at)concentrate及物动词 vt. 集中;聚集,集结O(+on/upon)不及物动词 vi.1. 集中;聚集,集结Q2. 全神贯注;全力以赴(+on/upon)She couldnt concentrate on a book very long. 她不能长时间专心读一本书。1. assess 及物动词 vt.(1) (为征税)估定(财产)的价值(+at)(2) 确定(税、罚款、赔偿金等)的金额(3) 对(某人、财产等)征税;处(某人)以罚金;
40、命(某人)支付某种费用(+on/upon)(4) 征(税);处(罚款)assess a tax of $ 300 on somebody 向某人征税三百元(5) 对.进行估价,评价process名词 n. C1. 过程,进程2. 步骤;程序;工序;制作法形容词 a.经过特殊加工的;处理过的senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的be senior to比年长/职位高重点词组1. be curious about 对感到好奇2.be to do 必将 / 将要 / 应该3.go out on a story 外出采访4. on ones own 独自，*自己 of ones own 自己的
41、5. concentrate on 集中精力于6. be of interest = be interesting 有趣的7. bring with 随身携带8. have a nose for 对非常敏感9. depend on 依赖10. a trick of the trade 职业诀窍11. accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb. with sth. 指控某人做某事12. so as to do sth.(句中) 为了13. be supposed to have done 理应当 / 被认为做过某事14. look forward to (doing) sth.
42、 盼望做某事15. be eager to do sth. /for sth. 渴望做/16. get the wrong end of the stick 完全搞错了17. tell the whole truth 说出全部真相18. ahead of 在前头19. set (out)to do/ set about doing 着手做某事20. pass on to 把传递给21. make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会，预约22. polish the style 润色语言风格23. be / get absorbed in 专心于，集中精力于24. in
43、turn 依次，逐个地25. defendagainst 为某人辩护26. note down 记下27.cover sth. / interview sb.报道某事 / 采访某人28. do some research on 对做调查29. work on 从事30. last of all 最后31. on purpose / by accident 故意地 / 偶然,意外地32. arrange an interview (with sb. )安排采访33. stick to 坚持34. A rather than B A而不是B35. account for 解释36. through
44、 sb.s analysis 通过某人的分析Unit5重点单词讲解：aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助with the aid of 在的帮助下，在援助下in aid of 用以援助;作为援助之用 ,作为对的帮助 give aid to 给予帮助give aid to developing countries 援助发展中的国家first-aid the wounded 救护伤员 first aid 急救；急救护理 , 救护站aid in vt. 帮助；帮助（在.给予帮助）I aid him the matter. 我在这事上助他。 first aid（对伤患者的）急救1. temporary adj.时暂时的；临时的temporary storage 暂时存储器；暂时库容；中间存储器temporary work 临时工作；临时工程temporary shelter 临时避难所；临时收容中心；临时安置所；临时庇护站 temporary construction 临时建筑工程；临时结构，临时构筑物temporary job 临时性工作2. fall ill 生病3. injury n.损伤；伤害brain injury
