1、七年级下册语法归纳(一)情态动词一、Can情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:1.表示能、会,指脑力或体力方面的能力。例如:Jim can swim, but I cant.吉姆会游泳,但我不会。2.表示可能,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。、例如:HanMeicantbeintheclassroom.韩梅不可能在教室里。Canhecomeheretoday,please请问他今天能到这里来吗3.表示可以,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:CanIhaveacupoftea,please请问我可
2、以喝一杯茶吗Youcangoout.你可以出去了情态动词can的基本句型1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如: They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。2. ¥3. 否定句型为:主语+cannot(cant/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示某人不能(不会。不可能)做。其中cant是cannot的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。4. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型。一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示某人会(能。可以)做吗.其肯定答语用Yes,主语+can.作答;否定答语用No,主语+cant.作答。(注意:答
3、语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。)例如:-CanyousinganEnglishsongforus你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗-Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略Ican)-CanIskate我可以滑冰吗-Yes,youcan.可以。-Cansheclimbhills她能爬山吗-No,shecant.不,她不能。拓展:特殊疑问句句型为:a.Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:-WhocansinginEnglishinyourclass你们班上谁会用英
4、语唱歌 -Lilycan.莉莉会。b.特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many,howmuch等。例如:-Howmanyboatscanyouseeintheriver你能看见河中有多少只船吗-Onlyoneboat.仅有一只。c.特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what,where,when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture你能在图画中看到什么-Icanseesomebirdsandtwobigtreesinit.我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。(中考模拟
5、 )Look! Someone is cutting a tree on the moon.It be true, Granny. Mum says there is no air there.A. cantB. mustnt C. mayD. should解析:根据there is no air there判断出月亮上根本不可能有人在砍树,所以表示不可能。答案选A。|(中考模拟)The boy can play_chess well, but he cant play_ piano.;the;/ C./;theD./;/解析:play后面跟表示球类(运动)的名词时,中间不用冠词the;而跟表
6、示乐器的名词时,中间应用定冠词the。答案为C。按要求改写句子。 can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句) can play basketball well. (一般疑问句) _ he _ basketball well can play the violin.(变成一般疑问句) _ she _ the violin cant sing. They cant dance. (合并成一句) They _ sing _ dance. 5.She can sing and dance. (否定句)She _ sing _ dance.keys: not; play;3. Can
7、 ;play;t; or;5cant; or二、would like 的用法#would like用来表达意愿,意为“想要”,相当于want, 用法亦同want,但比want委婉。would 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,可与人称代词缩写为d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。用法:1) 后接名词或代词,表示具体“要”某样东西want/would like sth. 想要某物 Id like some noodles2)want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事 ,常用于有礼貌的提出邀请、请求或建议。 Id like to play the piano 我想
8、要弹钢琴。 3)want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 I would like him to help me. 我想要他帮助我。4)would you like some你想要一些吗(委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语)该句型常用于征求对方意见。特别注意该句型中要用some,而不用any,以表示说话人希望得到肯定回答。 肯定回答:Yes, please. 否定回答:No, thanks. 5) Would you like to do sth你想要/愿意做某事吗(向对方有礼貌地提出建议或邀请)该句型中like可以换成love。肯定回答:Yes, Id like
9、/love to. 是的,我愿意。否定回答:Sorry, + 原因。或 Id love to, butWould you like to go shopping with us 你想要/愿意和我们一起去购物吗Yes, Id like/love to. 是的,我愿意。Sorry, I have a lot of homework to do. 对不起,我有很多作业要写。 Id love to, but I am too busy.我非常愿意,但是我太忙了。练习:1. -Tim and I will visit the exhibition(展览) this weekend. Would you
10、like to join us-_A. Well done. B. thats right. C. youre welcome. D. Id love to.2. #3. -Would you like some milk-_A. Yes, please. B. The same to you. C. Help yourself. D. My pleasure.4. -Would you like some more rice-_. I eat too much.A. No, thanks B. Yes, thank you C. Id love to D. Yes, please5. She
11、 would like her mother _ to the park with her on Sunday.A. to go B. go C. going D. goes! we stay at home watching TV tonight -No. Id like _ and see a film. go (二)时态集锦一、一般现在时一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作。标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/night/ in the morningon weekends主语是第三人称单数主语不
12、是第三人称单数、肯定句主语+动词s+其他主语+动词原形+其他否定句主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他主语+dont+动词原形+其他一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其他?Do+主语+动词原形+其他动词第三人称单数的构成:(用于第三人称单数、可数名词的单数和不可数名词的一般现在时中)1、直接加s: looklooksreadreadsplayplays stopstops2. 在字母s, x, ch, sh, o后加es: missmisses fixfixeswatchwatches washwashes gogoesdo-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-es: carr
13、ycarries studystudieshurryhurriescrycries4. 特殊的have has练习1.(浙江省)Ilikesoftandgentlemusic.It_nice.AissoundedBsoundedCsoundsDsounding2-Can your father drive-Yes,he _to work every dayA. |B. is driving written likes playing soccer very much and he _ about one hour playing it every day.A. spent B. will sp
14、end C. has spent D. Spends Bill isnt rich enough, he often _ money to the poor. A. will give B. was giving C. gives D. Gave5. We often_(play) in the playground.6._you _(brush) your teeth every morning.7. What_(do) he usually_(do) after school?8. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.keys:
15、 5play ; brush;7. does; do ;二、 现在进行时 1. 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作 Please dont make so much noise, Im studying. Lets get out. It isnt raining any more. !2. 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动
16、作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的. 现在进行时的时间状语主要有:now,these days(目前),this week,at the moment(此刻)等,有时句首有“Look!”、“Listen!”或“Its+时刻”等词、句存在。肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词(主语在前be在后,现在分词跟着走。)否定句:主语 + be + not + 现在分词一般疑问句: be + 主语 + 现在分词)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他动词现在分词的变化见下表:词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加ingplay玩pla
17、ying do做doing go去going see看见seeing jump跳jumping sing唱singing ski滑雪skiing以不发音的e结尾去e加ingmake做making take拿到taking dance跳舞dancing like喜欢liking come来coming write写writing have有having close关closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母?双写最后一个辅音字母再加ingswim游泳swimming sit坐sitting begin开始beginning run跑running get得到
18、getting put放putting jog慢跑jogging练习:1. Listen!They_inthenextroom.A.singB.issingingC.aresingingD.weresinging2. Itseightoclock.Thestudents_anEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving3. -Mary,couldyouhelpme-Waitamoment.I_.A.readabook B.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTV D.amcookingdinner.4. Look at the
19、_ !Its _ heavily nowArain;rain Braining;rainingCrain;raining Draining;rainy _ a Chinese class today. They _ an English class now.A. arent having; are having B. dont have; haveC. arent having; have D. dont have; are having三、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:He bought the computer five years ago.这电脑是
20、他五年前买的。It was then a small fishing village那时它只是一个小渔村。(2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作:We often played together when we were children我们小时候常在一起玩。注:表过去习惯性的动词,也可用used to或would:He used to go to work by bus.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。2.时间状语与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:yesterday(昨天),lastnight(昨晚),lastweek(上个星期),fourdaysago(四天前),in2002(在2002年),justn
21、ow(刚才),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天)等。如:Hewenttotheparkyesterday.她昨天去了花园。通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。1) Be型(即系动词原型be+表语其他)。否定句Dont + be+表语+其他。2)Do型(即系动词原形宾语其他)。 否定句Dont +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。3)Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他) 否定句一般在宾语后加not。4)No+ V-ing型(用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事“)练习:1. My mother said t
22、o me, “Tom, _ in bed.”A. not read B. doesnt read C. dont read D. didnt read2. _ your homework here tomorrow, Lucy.A. Bring B. Brings C. To bring D. Bringing3. _him the secret, will youA. Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling4. 完成句子。_ a good child!要做一个好孩子。(Be)5. 禁止吸烟!_ (No smoking!) 禁止垂钓
23、!_ (No fishing!)(五)形容词的用法形容词修饰名词,用以说明事物或人的性质或特征,是英语中最常用的词性之一,通常在句中作定语、表语等。考点一:形容词作定语,用于修饰名词例:Martha is a _ girl. She always smiles and says hello to others.shy B. friendly C. crazy D. healthy考点二、形容词作表语,放在连系动词(be/ look/ feel/ sound等)后,构成系表结构,即“连系动词+表语”,说明主语怎么样。例:The flowers smells _ and I like it very much.A. well B. good C. bad D. badly考点三:易错点:一些形容词和定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物,相当于一个名词;另外,形容词前可用very, too,a little等