1、(2018江苏扬州)五、任务型阅读（共10空；每空1分，计10阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Beyond its influence on health, not getting enough sleep can lead to car accidents or other mistakes. Here are what sleep researchers have found about how to sleep.How much sleep do we actually need?It is known th
2、at all of us naturally need no less than eight hours of sleep per night. When we sleep below six hours per 24, were at an increased risk of health problems. Some of us think we can make up any of those hours lost during the week on the weekends. Sadly, there is no storage system for sleep in the bra
3、in.Can we train ourselves to need less sleep?As a study in 1964, a 17-year-old boy named Randy Garden stayed awake for 264 hours. How many people could do anything close to that without dying?When you are reading this, you might say you usually get six hours of sleep and feel just fine. Sleep expert
4、s often compare people without enough sleep to drunk drivers: They dont get behind the wheel thinking theyre probably going to kill someone.Can we drink coffee instead of sleeping?Coffee can keep us awake. Remember, too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy cycles. So limit coffee and avoid
5、 caffeine for hour to six hours before bedtime.Does a sense of purpose connect to sleep quality?A new research suggests a kind of strong connection between purpose in life and sleep. People who have a greater sense of purpose usually have better physical and mental health, which in turn explains the
6、ir higher-quality sleep. Perhaps developing a sense of purpose in life could be as useful at improving sleep as the healthy habits above.How to sleepIntroductionNot getting enough sleep can influence our health and _56_ many mistakes.Findings from _57_ researchersHow much sleep do we actually need?
7、Eight hours of sleep a nigh is _58_ for all of us. Sleeping less than six hours a day can _59_ the risk of health problems. It is _60_ to make up the lost sleeping hours during the workweek.Can we train ourselves to need less sleep?People without enough sleep would insist that they were _61_, but we
8、rent doing well at all.Can we drink coffee instead of sleeping? Using coffee instead of sleeping might lead to sleep _62_. Drink proper amount of coffee at proper _63_.Does a sense of purpose connect to sleep quality? A sense of purpose in life is closely _64_ with sleep quality. People with a great
9、er sense of purpose may sleep _65_.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。睡眠不足不仅影响健康，也会导致交通意外事故和其他失误。专家们从我们实际需要多少睡眠、我们能否训练少睡、饮咖啡能否代替睡眠和目标感与睡眠质量等方面说明我们应该怎样拥有好的睡眠。【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从我们到底需要多少睡眠；我们可不可以不睡觉而喝咖啡；目标感与睡眠质量有无关系三个方面阐述睡眠不足除了影响健康之外，还会导致车祸或其他的错误。56. cause 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“not getting enough sleep can lead to car accidents
10、or other mistakes(睡眠不足还会导致车祸或其他错误)”，可知此题考查lead to意为“导致”，相当于cause. 故答案为cause.57. sleep 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Here are what sleep researchers have found about how to sleep(下面是睡眠研究人员发现的睡眠方式)”可知答案为sleep.。58. necessary 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“It is known that all of us naturally need no less than eight hours of sleep pe
11、r night(众所周知，我们每个人每天晚上当然需要不少于8小时的睡眠)”可知此题该句的同义句：Its necessary for all of us to sleep eight hours a night./ Eight hours of sleep a night is necessary for all of us.形容词necessary意为“必要的”。故答案为necessary. 59. increase 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“When we sleep below six hours per 24, were at an increased risk of health
12、problems(当我们每24小时睡不到6小时，我们的健康问题风险就会增加)”可知此题考查词形转换。increased形容词，意为“增强的”，其动词形式为increase. 根据“Sleeping less than six hours a day can _59_ the risk of health problems”中的can可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故答案为increase.60. impossible【解析】 推理判断题。根据文中“Some of us think we can make up any of those hours lost during the week on t
13、he weekends. Sadly, there is no storage system for sleep in the brain(我们中的一些人认为我们可以弥补周末一周中所损失的任何时间。不幸的是，大脑中没有睡眠储存系统)”可推知 “It is _60_ to make up the lost sleeping hours during the workweek.”意为“在一周的工作时间里，要弥补失去的睡眠时间是不可能的”。故答案为impossible.61. fine 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文中“When you are reading this, you might say
14、you usually get six hours of sleep and feel just fine.(当你读这篇文章的时候，你可能会说你通常只有6个小时的睡眠，感觉很好)可知答案为fine.62. problems 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy cycles(喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环)”可推知“Using coffee instead of sleeping might lead to sleep _”句意为“不睡觉而喝咖啡可能导致睡眠问题或睡眠混乱”。故答案为proble
15、ms.63. time 【解析】推理判断题。 根据文中“Coffee can keep us awake. Remember, too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy cycles. So limit coffee and avoid caffeine for hour to six hours before bedtime(咖啡能让我们保持清醒。记住，喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环。因此，在睡前的几个小时到六个小时内，不要喝咖啡和咖啡因)”可推知“Drink proper amount of coffee at proper
16、 _63_.”句意为“在适当的时间喝适量的咖啡”。故答案为time.64. connected 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Does a sense of purpose connect to sleep quality(目标感与睡眠质量有关吗)？”可推知“A sense of purpose in life is closely _64_ with sleep quality”句意为“生活中的目标感与睡眠质量密切相关”。故此题考查短语connect to/ with意为“与有关”，其同义短语为“be connected with”。故答案为connected. 65. better 【解析
17、】细节理解题。根据文中“People who have a greater sense of purpose usually have better physical and mental health, which in turn explains their higher-quality sleep(目标感较强的人通常有更好的身心健康，这反过来解释了他们高质量的睡眠)”可推知“People with a greater sense of purpose may sleep _65_”句意为“目标意识较强的人睡得更好”。故此题考查well的比较级better. 故答案为better.六、读写
18、综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共20分)(2018广东)A. 信息归纳 (共5小题，每小题1分，共5分)请阅读一张“共享小图”(一种新型社区图书馆) 的海报，根据所提供的信息，完成信息卡，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。Its a Mailbox . Its a Bird House .No. Wait. Its a Library!Sunshine Park Has A Little Free Library!Bryan Lim is excited to be the director of the Little Free library for our neighbor in Sunshi
19、ne Park Community! The way it works is simple: u We bring to the library a number of good books that we hope will interest our neighbors.u You stop by and take whatever catches your eyes.u You return and bring other books for the library whenever you can.u Books are always a gift. Never for sale! Jo
20、in us for our small opening at 9 am on March 25th, 2018. Call 9051 6601 or email bryan beautiful-gathering. com for more information! Take a book! Leave a bookMore about Little Free Library:The idea was started in 2009 in Hudson, Wisconsin, when Todd Bol placed a homemadewooden box in his front yard
21、. The box looked like a one-room schoolhouse. Inside were dozen or more books free for the taking. It was put there in memory of Todds mother a teacher who loved reading. She had died several years earlier. His neighbors and friends loved it, so he built several more and gave them away. Later, more
22、people joined Todd in starting the project called Little Free Library. In 2017, there were more than sixty thousand Little Free Library in over eighty countries around the world. Information CardThe name of the community this Little Free Library serves81.The opening date of this Little Free Library8
23、2.The place where Todd Bol placed his first wood box83.The job of Todd Bols mother84.The number of the countries which had Little Free Library in 201785.体裁应用文话题人际关系词数290【主旨大意】本文为应用文。主要介绍了在美国Hudson, Wisconsin一处花园内的免费小图书馆的由来及使用情况。81. Sunshine Park Community! 由Bryan Lim is excited to be the director of
24、 the Little Free library for our neighbor in Sunshine Park Community!可知。82. On March 25th, 2018 由Join us for our small opening at 9 am on March 25th, 2018.可知。83. In Todd Bols front yard 由The idea was started in 2009 in Hudson, Wisconsin, when Todd Bol placed a homemade wooden box in his front yard.
25、可知。84. A teacher 由It was put there in memory of Todds mother a teacher who loved reading. 可知。85. Over 80 / eighty Countries. 】由In2017, there were more than sixty thousand Little Free Library in over eighty countries around the world.可知。第四节 摘录要点 根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息，每空不超过三个单词。（共5小题，计10分）(2018湖南湘西) Do you
26、 often think of life in the future? Will we study at home? Will we fly to the moon easily? Everyone may have his or her views（观点）about that. Life in the future will be very different from life today. Between then and now, many changes will take place, but what will the changes be? There will be chan
27、ges in our food. Maybe no one will eat meat. Instead, people will eat more and more fruit and vegetables. People will stay away from junk food. People will be much healthier. Computers will be smaller and much more useful. Maybe we will even put the computer into our pockets. There will be at least
28、two computers in every family. And computer studies will be one of the most important subjects at school. Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work can be done by robots. People will work fewer hours than they do now. And they will have more free time for sports, watching TV
29、 and traveling.Life in the futureFoodPeople will eat more healthier food.People will 76 from junk food.ComputersComputers will be smaller and much more useful. We will even put them 77 .There will be at least 78 in every family.Computers studies will be one of the 79 at school.WorkRobots will do mor
30、e work, and people will have enough time for sports, 80 and traveling.体裁说明文话题未来生活词数175【主旨大意】本文是说明文，主要介绍了未来生活的变化。76. stay away 77. into our pockets 78. two computers 79. most important subjects 80.watching TV 76. stay away 根据第二段的倒数第二句话People will stay away from junk food.可知答案。 77. into our pockets 根据
31、第三段的第二句话Maybe we will even put the computer into our pockets.可知答案。 78. two computers 根据第三段的第三句话There will be at least two computers in every family.可知答案。 79. most important subjects 根据第三段的最后一句话And computer studies will be one of the most important subjects at school.可知答案。 80. watching TV 根据最后一段的最后一句
32、话And they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and traveling.可知答案。(2018湖北十堰)第三节：阅读短文，根据其内容补全下面表格，每空答案不超过两个词。（每小题1分） Nowadays, the attraction of the latest election products drives most people crazy. People own more e-procucts such as smartphone, ipad and so on. They check their smartphon
33、es from time to time and have less communication.It is believed that smartphones are of great importance in our life. To begin with, it offers us convenient ways to communicate with each other. Using it, we can make friends with people around the world with common apps such as QQ，WeChat. Besides, sm
34、artphones make our life more colorful. We can enjoy ourselves through videos, music, photos and Internet surfing. Yet, it does have some negative effects. Firstly, smartphones take up ones spare time, which reduces face to face communication, and makes people gradually lose the ability of communicat
35、ion in their real life. In addition, using smartphones too much is harmful both mentally and physically, which affects peoples daily life. Therefore. It is important for us to make a wise choice of using smartphones. Whenever possible, remember to take our time to have a face-to-face talk with our f
36、amily and friends. Certainly it will help build a warm and close relationship. Say “No” to Smartphone Addiction(上瘾)Advantages of smartphonesTo begin with, it 66 us with convenient ways to communicate with each other.Using it, we can make friends with people around the world.Besides, we can enjoy our
37、selves 67 videos, music, photos and Internet surfing.Disadvantagesof smartphonesFirstly, smartphones take up our spare time and make people gradually lose the 68 of communication in their real life.In addition, using smartphones too much is 69 both mentally and physically. In a word, it is important
38、 for us 70 a wise choice of using smartphones.体裁议论文话题社会生活词数188【主旨大意】本文从两个方面阐述了电子产品智能手机的出现，为我们的生活带来很多方便，同时，也给我们的生活带来了负面影响，因此，我们要明智地使用智能手机。66.offers/provides 67. through 68. ability 69. harmful 70. to make (2018山西)(D) 请阅读下面短文，在下面的横线上填入与文章意思最相符的内容，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。61-64小题每空填一词，65小题所填不超过5个汉字。 According t
39、o the traditional Chinese custom, 2018 is just the year of Dog. Ranking as the eleventh animal in the Chinese zodiacthe Shengxiao, Dog is a symbol of loyalty(忠诚) and honesty. Self-mocker (自嘲)Words and phrases including dogs(Gou in Chinese) are commonly used by young people when telling jokes about t
40、hemselves. For example, you can say “Valentines Day has nothing to do with me since I am a single dog.” It is believed that dog-related words and phrases usually have good humour. Close relationshipAmong some young people, adding “dog” to a friends name has the meaning of a close relationship. One o
41、f the most famous examples in China is that the actor Lin Gengxin is called Lin Gou by his close friends and beloved fans. Easy to raiseKids with pleasant names are easy to bring up, according to an ancient Chinese saying. Parents in the countryside prefer to give nicknames including Gou Sheng and G
42、ou Dan to their kids in the hope that they are as easy to be raised as dogs. Metaphor (隐喻)Since dogs are considered to have many good qualities ( 品 质 ), the word is included in more than 10 Chinese metaphors. For example, “serve like a dog or a horse,” is used to describe someone who is ready to wor
43、k hard for the people who have powers.Symbol Dog is a loyal and 61 animal.Self-mockerThe dog-related words and phrases are commonly used by young people when telling 62 .Easy to raiseParents hope that kids can grow up as 64 as dogs by giving nicknames to them.MetaphorPlease translate “Serve like a d
44、og or a horse.” into Chinese. 65 (不超过5个汉字)Close relationshipAdding “dog” to a persons name 63 that you have a closer relationship with him or her than others.体裁说明文话题语言与文化词数242【主旨大意】短文介绍了与dog相关的单词、短语、俗语以及人们在日常生活中包括称呼某人、给孩子起名字等的时候，也选用“dog”的原因。61. honest 空格后面是名词animal，可知此处填形容词，且该词与空前 loyal（忠诚的）并列。根据第一段
45、最后一句 Dog is a symbol of loyalty and honesty 可知，该空填 honest，它是名词honesty（诚实）的形容词形式。62. jokes 根据句意可知空白处所填词是动词 tell 的宾语。根据第二段的第一句Words and phrases including dogs (Gou in Chinese) are commonly used by young people when telling jokes about themselves.，可知空白处填名词joke的复数形式。短语tell jokes意为“讲笑话”。63. means 根据句意可知空
46、白处填动词。根据第三段第一句中“has the meaning of a close relationship”，可知空白处用meaning的动词形式mean。再根据题干中主语是动词 ing 形式，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，故填 means。64. easily 由 asas 可知，空白处填形容词或副词的原形。又因为该空修饰动词短语 grow up，因此，此空填副词。根据第四段最后一句话“they are as easy to be raised as dogs”可知，空白处填形容词easy的副词形式 easily。65. 犬马之劳(力)/ 效(尽)犬马之劳(力) 这道题考查翻译句意，最
47、后一段的最后一句话“is used to describe someone who is ready to work hard for the people who have powers.”是对这句话的解释，意为“为有权势的人努力干活/拼命工作”，再结合字数要求可知该句应译为 “犬马之劳(力)/ 效(尽)犬马之劳(力)”。六、(2018浙江台州)任务型阅读 (本题有5小题，每小题1分;共计5分)假如你是Greenhill School的交换生，你参与了该校的一个科学实验。请根据以下实验过程补全英文实验报告。What You Need:clear glass traywarm waterlarge cup with 200 ml of hot waterlarge cup with 200 ml of cold waterred and blue liquid food coloringWater in MotionDirections:Fill the tray with warm water.Set the tray on top of the two cups, with the hot cup under one
