1、Mainly RevisionObject Clauses宾语从句一教学任务一教学任务 复习宾语从句复习宾语从句 二教学重点二教学重点 1.1.宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念 2.2.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词 3.3.宾语从句中的语序宾语从句中的语序 4.4.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化 5.5.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3教学难点教学难点 1.if与与whether的区别的区别 2.when与与if 引导的宾语从句和状语从句引导的宾语从句和状语从句 3.宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换 We know him We know
2、 he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come
3、 tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .2.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。充当句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作定语）（谁
4、的，作定语）2)Could you tell me why the train is late?（为（为什么，作状语）什么，作状语）3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，（谁，作主语）作主语）注：注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句二二.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词3.由从属连词由从属连词 wheth
5、er,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.I want to know if/whether she is right.They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not.if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 表示表示“是否是否”之义，在句中之义，在句中不充当句子成份。不充当句子成份。if/whether可互换可互换,但但whetheror not为固定搭配为固定搭配.看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains,Ill stay at home.I want
6、to know when he will come back.When he comes back,please tell me.想一想：想一想：when和和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？点？whenwhen和和if if 既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导状语从句状语从句。在宾语。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现主将从现的的原则原则。1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he
7、 is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whetherHelen says that she will learn French next year.Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get to the bus
8、 station on time.三三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，主语在前，谓语在后谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。.He canHe hashe went toWhat happened to youWhats wrong with you 说一说说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。Which is the way to the station Can you tell me/I want to kn
9、ow/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g.Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back
10、.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相
11、互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现
12、在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）现在时态。（特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the
13、 moon.My parents told me(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比比一比 I dont know where I should go.Tell me how I can do it.I dont know where to go.Tell me how to do it.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词+to do 的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主 (2).主(间间)宾从主练一练1.I dont know what I shall do next.(变为简单句）I dont know next.2.John didn
14、t decide which book he would buy.(变为简单句）John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?(变为复合句）Can you tell me the bus stop?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5.(变为复合句）Can you tell Lucy the MP5.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换What to dowhich book to buyhow I can get to how she can use.Find out the mis
15、takes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?wasiswhose六六.课堂检测课堂检测C.whowasthegirlD.whothegirl.Choose the right answers.BDBBDB宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwheth
16、erwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结由由从属连词从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 wh
17、ere,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由由从属连词从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,wha
18、t及连接副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）5.Do you know _.（地球和月亮，哪一个比较小）6.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）7.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿）8.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站）9.Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）who could answer the question whom they are waiting
19、 for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(i
20、f)he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句
21、的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go visit the Great Wall.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特
22、殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语
23、 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.注注 意：意：will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(pla
24、y)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9
25、.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the
26、 east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken has been risesdid将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I
27、will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doin
28、g his homework.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.Thanks
