1、present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework 例句：例句：1.I have cleaned my room.我已打扫了房间。2.He hasnt finished his homework.他还没完成作业。3.Have you read this novel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,I have.是的，看过了。No,I havent.不，没看过。4.We have studied English for two years.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.They havent seen each o
2、ther since 1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？(在上述句型中,我们可以看到在现在完成时中，用到了动词的一种新的形式-过去分词过去分词,有关过去分词的构成我们在下面给大家归纳一下。)现在完成时现在完成时一一.构成构成:have/has+done(过去分词过去分词)过去分词过去分词(pp)其变化方法和动
3、词过去式基本相同。其变化方法和动词过去式基本相同。有部分不同，需要记好。有部分不同，需要记好。He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.过去分词的构成分为过去分词的构成分为规则变化规则变化和和不规则变化不规则变化两种：两种：规则变化规则变化:a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed,如play-played，work-worked，water-watered,finish-finished等;b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y 变成i 再加ed
4、,carry-carried study-studied等;c)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如:stop-stopped，shop-shopped等。不规则变化：不规则变化：见不规则动词表不规则动词表 点击点击不规则动词表 练习练习1：写出下列动词的过去分词：put-hear-come-make-hurry-watch-swim-be-talk-want-study-stop-take-see-like-抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.be-e 3.go-4.do 5.have-6.drink 7.give-8.eat 9.know-10.make
5、11.run-12.say 13.see-14.find 15.draw-16.get 17.hear-18.begin 19.buy-20.leavewas/were-beencame-comewent-gonedid-donehad-haddrank-drunkgave-givenate-eatenknew-knownmade-maderan-runsaid-saidsaw-seenfound-founddrew-drawngot-gotheard-heardbegan-begunbought-boughtleft-left二二:用法用法:1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在完成时表示过去
6、发生的动作,并对现在有影响。并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window.(窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet.(不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands.(手是干净的手是干净的)常与常与already(已经已经),yet(已经已经),just(刚刚刚刚),ever(曾经曾经)等词连等词连用用.already:常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑问句尾疑
7、问句尾.Sam got sick two days ago.Sam has been sick for two days.Sherry got her drivers license(执照执照)in 1999.Sherry has had her drivers license since(自从自从)1999.Arnold started to play tennis in Jan.Arnold has played tennis since Jan.Maggie moved to Hawaii in 1996.Maggie has lived in Hawaii for about 8 ye
8、ars.现在完成时现在完成时二:用法:2)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since(自从)he was born.Have you stayed here since(自从)3 oclock?常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+时间段since+时间点,since+句子since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHe has
9、 stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+从句从句She has taught English since he came here.for:(长达）长达）for+时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since,for 的用法的用法:Take notes 用for 或since填空1.Mr.Brown has had his TV _ 15 years.2.Ive taken driving lessons _ last month.3.My sister has had her cell phone _ a mon
10、th.4.My friends havent visited me _ my birthday.5.We havent used our car _ a long time.6.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years.7.Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old.forsinceforsinceforforsince 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词介词:already(已经):用于肯定句I have already posted the letter.yet(已经):用于否定句,
11、疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚)They have just left.ever(曾经)Have you ever been to Beijing?never(从不)I have never seen him.before(以前)Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来)Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达)Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days/weeks/years(在过去
12、的)recently(最近)I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止)So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just
13、，already,before,yet,never,ever 等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如：I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just lost my math book.助动词助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有用于其
14、他所有人称。人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。不规则变化则须单独记忆。2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如如for、since 等引等引导的时间状语。（导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks f
15、or three years 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻,since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.对划线部分提问都用对划线部分提问都用How longSince have/has been(to)表示表示“曾经到过某地曾经到过某地”，说话时
16、此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人表示某人“已经去某地已经去某地了了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。不在这里。He has been to Beijing.他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，
17、强调去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的现在的情况情况。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now,等具体等具体的时间状语。的时间状语。共同的时间状语有
18、：共同的时间状语有：this morning,tonight,this summer,before,already,等。等。现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for,since,ever,never,just,already,yet,in past years等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。I saw this film yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去。）（只说明动作发生在过去。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）She has returned from Par
19、is.（她已从巴黎回来了。）（她已从巴黎回来了。）She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。）（她是昨天回来的。）He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。)注意：注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：）时，不能使用现在完成
20、时，要用过去时。例如：（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但但不能说不能说“He has left for three years.”如果要表达如果要表达“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时
21、。使用一般过去时。He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is+一段时间一段时间since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句”It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“一段时间一段时间have/has passed+since+一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间
22、动词转化为表延分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的续的动词或者表状态的be+名词形容词或副词名词形容词或副词介词短语等。介词短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch(get)a cold borrow come/go/become have have a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish
23、 begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago.He caught a cold three days a
24、go.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句be in schoolbe in the army自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书.I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years.I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been
25、 dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has bee
26、n on for an hour.一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时现在完成时；但；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做
27、那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast?Yes,I have.When did you have it?At seven thirty.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two
28、months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?()1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you()2.I have wa
29、tched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()4.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead BCBD()5.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She
30、will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()6._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go()7.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you()8.How long have you _ the football team of
31、the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on AACD()9.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone()10.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has heBCDD
