1、情态动词情态动词n1.常用情态动词的基本用法常用情态动词的基本用法ncan,could 能,会n(could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。)n1)表示脑力或体力上的能力表示脑力或体力上的能力n Nobody can stop the development of science.n 谁也无法阻止科学的发展。nShe can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。nHe could hardly support his family before he found the new
2、 job.他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。nI could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr.Smith.我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。n2)表示客观上的可能性表示客观上的可能性n You can borrow this useful book from the library.n 你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。nA more suitable person than him for the job can not be found.不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。nNow people can
3、 skate on the lake.n 现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。n When the storm stopped,the plane could take off.n 当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。n3)表示主观上的允许nCan I ask you some questions about it?n 我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?nYou can not leave here till I come back.n 直到我回来你才能离开。nSuch kind of thing cant happen any more later.n 这类事以后不准再发生了。Could you te
4、ll me how to get to the airport?n 您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?nCould I be forgiven my negligence?n 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?n4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧nHow can/could you be here?你怎么会在这儿?nShe couldnt/cant be so stupid to do that.n 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。n He couldnt/cant be over seventy.n 他不可能有七十多岁了。n另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。
5、这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如:nCould you speak a little slowly?n 您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?nIm afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment.n 恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。nI could come earlier if asked.n 如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。nWe would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.n如果您能为我们提供帮助
6、的话,我们将不甚感激。You could have done better if you had worked harder at it.如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。nmay,might 或许,可能,可以n(might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)n1)可能性 n I may be busy from tomorrow on.n 从明天起我可能会忙起来。nI wondered if they might agree with the idea.n 我想知道他们是否会同意这种想
7、法。n2)表示允许 nMay I come in?我可以进来吗?nId like to have a smoke here if I may.n 如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。nThe librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days.n 图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。n3)may间或用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的n 状语从句中:nMay you succeed in winning the first prize in the game.n 祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
8、nMay you continue in your efforts and achieve greatern successes.祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。n4)might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于n 虚拟语气的结构中:nI could not convince him,try as I might.n 我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。nThey left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train.那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。nIf you had made better use
9、of your time,you might have learned more.假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。n注意注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免n使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。例如:n May I come in?Yes,please.请进。n我可以进来吗?Sure./Certainly.请进。n Please dont.请不要进来。n No,you mustnt.不行。nmust 应该,必须,一定n1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事 nWe must protect peoples rights.n 我们应该保护人民的利益
10、。nEveryone must be loyal to his motherland.n 每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。nYou must serve the people when you grow up.n 你们长大成人时应该服务于人民。n2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事nWe must speed up the pace of our economic reform.n 我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。nYou must hurry up or youll be late.n 你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到的。n在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have to却表示由于某种客观
11、原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化形式。如:I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。nHe has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten.n 他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。nWell have to reconsider the whole thing.n 我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情。n注意:注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用
12、mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to,因为mustnt意思是“绝不能、一定不要”,而没有“不必”的意思。例如:nMust we hand in our exercises today?n 我们今天必须交作业吗?nYes,you must.是的,必须交。n No,you neednt(or,you dont have to).n 不,不必今天交。n3)表示禁止(用于否定句)nYou must not speak ill of others.n 你一定不要说别人的坏话。n Cars must not parked here.这里禁止停车。nSmoking must no
13、t allowed in the office.n 严禁在办公室吸烟。n4)表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;n对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have+过去分词。例如:nYou must be tired after working so long.n 你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。nIt must be that naughty boy crying outside.n 肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。nIt must have rained last night for it is so wet outside.n 外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。nI didnt see you in class yesterday.You must have beenn absent.我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。Thank you!