1、2020年北师大新版英语必修一（含教师版）Unit1 Life Choices第一讲 目标一掌握：Unit 1 Topic Talk & Lesson 1 & Lesson 2 词汇词组及句子的辨析及使用目标二语法突破：Infinitives 不定式【目标一Unit 1 Topic Talk&Lesson 1 & Lesson 2 词汇/词组/句子的辨析和使用】 Topic Talk1. 教材P6 previous adj. 以前的；早先的(只用在名词前)(1)previous to. 在.之前(该短语多作状语，其中to为介词)(2)拓展previously adv. 先前；以前preciou
2、s adj.宝贵的，珍贵的(3)完成句子There were no women in the committee _（在.之前）1976, but now women are in a majority.老师常常告诫我们时间比金钱更宝贵。Our teachers often told us that _ _ _ _than money.2. 教材P6 confidence n. 信心，自信 (1)常见搭配 lack confidence 缺乏自信have confidence in. 对.有信心(2)拓展confident adj. 自信的；肯定的confidently adv.自信地，大胆地
3、常见搭配be confident about. 对.有信心be confident of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握be confident that. 确信. (3)单句语法填空Its necessary for us to help develop the _ (confident) of the disabled, which is the first step for them to succeed.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she
4、was so confident _ her skills.Lesson 13. 教材P8 various adj. 各种各样的，不同的(1)拓展 vary v. 变化；相异variety n. 不同种类；变化；多样性(2)常见搭配 a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的vary from . to . 由.到.不等 vary with 随.变化vary in 在.方面变化(3)单句语法填空Many people were absent for _(vary) reasons.Opinions on this matter vary _ person _ perso
5、n.4. 教材P8 convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的(1)常见搭配 be convenient to. 对.很方便 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的。(2)拓展 convenience n. 方便；省事inconvenience n. 不便；麻烦 inconvenience adj. 不方便的(3)完成句子They abruptly disappeared into a _(就近的) hole in the wall.你方便的时候来看我。Come and see me when _ _ _ _ _.5. 教材
6、P100 challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向.挑战；对.质疑(1)常见搭配 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 face/meet a challenge 面对挑战，应对挑战 a challenge to (to为介词) 对.的挑战(2)易错提示 challenge 作及物动词时，本身已含有“向.”“对.”之意， 因此其后不需要再加介词to。向某人挑战 challenge to sb. () challenge sb. ()(3)完成句子The economy of this country _ _ _ _.(正面临着另一个挑战)When I said I
7、ran faster than her, she _ _ (向我挑战) to a race.6. 教材P9 set out to do sth. 开始/着手去做某事 (1)set out sth. 阐明某事 set out for someplace 出发去某地(2)拓展set off 出发；动身；引爆set about 着手；开始做.set aside 留出；不顾；把.置于一边set down 记下；放下；登记set up 开办；建立；设立set sail 扬帆启航set foot in 涉足be set in 故事发生在；以.为背景(3)完成句子You will be anxious if
8、 you set _ for a dinner late.You can set _ a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.7. 教材P100 all in all 总而言之，一般来说 (1)拓展in all 总计，合计at all 根本，究竟all alone 独自all around 周围，到处all at once 突然all through 一直All the same 仍然，还是all along 自始至终all over浑身，到处(2)完成句子You shouldnt have scolded the boy _ a
9、ll, who is only a child _ all. _ all, he made only three mistakes _ all. _ _ _, you were wrong.8. 教材P9 I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that Im interested in after school. (1)句子考点剖析 本句so that (表示目的)为了/以便，引导目的状语从句。 例：为了能通过考试
10、，人人都在努力学习。 Everyone is working hard so that they can pass the exam. (表示目的) 另外，so that还可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此/所以”。 例：他说得很慢，这样我就听懂了。 He spoke slowly so that I understood him. (引出结果) (2)辨析比较：so. that/ such. that(如此.以至于.)引导的结果状语从句so+形容词或副词+that 从句注意：当so. that/ such. that结构中的so/such位于句首时，主句要倒装。例: 他说话声音很大，每个人都能
11、听清楚。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.形容词+a/an+可数名词单数many/few +可数名词复数much/little+不可数名词such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句形容词+可数名词复数形容词+不可数名词(3)完成句子John has _ little money _ he cant buy the book.Mike is _ honest a man _ we all believe him. =Mike is _ _ _ _ _ we all believe him.9. 教材
12、P9 I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. (1)句子考点剖析 本句keep 意为“使.处于某种状态”，常用于“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。 该结构常见形式： Keep +sb./sth. +形容词/副词 Keep +sb./sth. +介宾短语 Keep +sb./sth. +现在分词(表示动作或状态的持续) Keep +sb./sth. +过去分词(表示被动或状态的持续) (2)单句语法填空Im so sorry to have kept you _ (wait) for half an hour.Ple
13、ase keep me _ (inform) of the latest news while Im away.10. 教材P9 On the plus side, I get to travel a lot to different countries for matches and of course, hearing people cheer you on is great ! (1)句子考点剖析 本句 hearing people cheer you on 在句中作主语，cheer you on 在此结构中作宾语补足语。一般来说，v.-ing 作主语表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。单个
14、的v.-ing 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。结构：感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语，在该结构中，宾语补足语的形式除了do以外，还有doing和done，其中do表示主动动作且指动作发生的全过程(在被动语态中，不带to的宾补变为主语补足语时，要还原不定式符号to)；doing表示主动且动作正在进行；done表示被动且动作已经完成。 (2)完成句子_(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.My father noticed me _ (stay) indoors all the week
15、and he suggested I get close to nature.Lesson 211. 教材P12 suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受折磨 vt. 遭受；经历(其后常跟抽象名词)(1)常见搭配 suffer from 受.之苦，患.病 suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒 suffer from the loss of memory 患失忆症 suffer from a headache /toothache 头疼/牙疼 suffer=experience 经历 suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦/困难 suffer a de
16、feat/ a loss/ punishment 遭受失败/损失/惩罚(2)拓展 sufferer n. 受苦者；患病者suffering n. 折磨；苦难；痛苦(3)单句语法填空Japan _ (suffer) serious damage caused by the terrible earthquake.Though _ (suffer)the flood, the villagers did what they could to fight it.12. 教材P12 stress n. 压力；重音；强调；紧张；重要性 vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于(1)常见搭配 under stres
17、s 在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on 强调.(2)拓展 stressful adj. 焦虑不安的stressed adj. 有压力的；紧张的 (3)语法填空After a _(stress) week of work, all the employees were extremely _(stress) and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently _ stress.13. 教材P12 reduce vt. 缩小；减少；降低 (1)常见搭配 reduce to 减少到(具体数目) reduce b
18、y 减少了(净减百分比) reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默 reduce sb. to doing sth. 使某人沦落到做某事 (2)拓展 reduction n. 减少；缩小；减价；折扣 (3)语法填空I will place an order for your products if you reduce the price _ 50%. That is to say, you must reduce it _ 10 yuan for every one.There has been slight _(reduce) in unemployment
19、 so far.14. 教材P101 remove vt. 移动；搬开 vi. 迁居；搬家(1)常见搭配 remove sth. from sp. 把某物从某地搬走(移开) remove sb. from sth. 把某人从某机构中开除 remove from . to . 从.搬到. remove sb. from school. 勒令某人退学remove ones doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼 (2)辨析：remove & moveremove除去；搬走remove the dictionary from the desk 从课桌上拿走词典move移动move the
20、desk 移动桌子 (3)写出下列句子中remove的含义He removed his jacket when he arrived home. _If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. _He was severely criticized and removed from his post. _15. 教材P101 seek vt. &vi. ( seek-sought-sought) 寻找；探索(1)常见搭配seek after/for 寻找；追求seek to do sth. 试图/设法
21、做某事seek ones advice/help 寻求某人的建议/帮助seek out. 挑选出；物色seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某事seek ones fortune/fame 追求财富/名誉 (2)单句语法填空_(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days, they finally found one.The couple have sought help _ their marriage go-betweens.16. 教材P101 Well, shy people can find social sit
22、uations very stressful-going to parties, for example. (1)句子考点剖析 本句 find social situations very stressful 是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中的宾语补足语可以使现在分词(短语)、形容词、副词、名词、动词不定式(to be可省略)和介词短语。 例如：I found it a boring film. (名词短语作宾语补足语)我发现这部电影很乏味。(3)语法填空When I entered the office, I found the computer _ (stole).He was
23、fired(解雇) because he was found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.17. 教材P101 Ah.theres another thing- in French lessons I cant stand talking in front of the class. (1)句子考点剖析 stand 后接动词时，要用动词的v.-ing形式。 常见后跟v.-ing形式的及物动词有：避免延期错过avoid miss put off/postpone建议完成练习suggest finish practice喜欢想象禁不住enjoy imagine cant he
24、lp承认否定嫉妒admit deny envy逃避冒险原谅escape risk excuse 忍受保持介意stand keep mind (2)语法填空I dont mind _ (meet) people in small groups.He can finish _ (read) the novel today.【目标二语法突破：Infinitives 不定式】一、 动词不定式的形式基本形式：“to+动原”否定形式：“to” 前加“not”疑问形式：“疑问词+to+动原”被动形式：“to be+过去分词”完成形式：“to have+过去分词”二、 动词不定式的时态和语态时态主动语态被动语
25、态一般式to writeto be written完成式to writeto have been written进行式to be writing完成进行式to have been writing三、 动词不定式的句法功能（一）动词不定式作主语1.不定式短语在句首作主语To know oneself is difficult.人贵有自知之明。2.用it作形式主语Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。【注意】当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。To re
26、spect others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。（二） 动词不定式作表语His wish is to become an astronaut.他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。【注意】有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 She is to blame.她应该受到责备。（三） 动词不定式作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 （1）不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。 Father likes to listen to music in silence.父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。【必背】可接不定式作宾语的动词有：口诀助记： 三个希望两答应 hope wish
27、want agree promise 两个要求莫拒绝 demand ask refuse 设法学会做决定 manage learn decide 不要假装在选择 pretend choose （2） 在feel, find, make, think,consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。 （3）在表示“希望、打算”等动词（如hope,expect, intend
28、, mean, want等）的过去式后， 可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.我原想来拜访你的，但没来成。【提示】表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达。 I had expected to meet him here last night.我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。2.作介词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。The teacher made no comments except to tell him to w
29、ork hard.老师除了叫他努力学习外，未做任何评价。3.作形容词的宾语不定式作形容词的宾语有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的 逻辑宾语。 （1）句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able,afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined,disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad,lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, re
30、ady, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised,willing等。 I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse.很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下。 （2）句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy,hard, cheap,expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible,interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。This problem is easy to solve.这个问题很
31、容易解决。【注意】在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。The river is dangerous to swim in.在这条河里游泳很危险。（四）动词不定式作宾语补足语1.在表示感觉的动词后作宾语补足语，并且不定式都不带to。这类动词有：see,hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。I heard them sing yesterday.昨天我听见他们唱歌了。【注意】转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。notice和watch没有被动语态。We saw the c
32、ar stop.The car was seen to stop. 我们看见这辆车停了下来。2.在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词有：make,let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel 二听：hear,listen to 三让：let,have,make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look atShe made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。3.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：co
33、nsider,think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be+形容词或名词”结构，think, consider, find后的tobe常可省略。We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。4. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love,like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。 Id prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。5
34、.动词advise,allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage,persuade, permit, remind,request, order, warn, cause等后面，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。We dont allow such things to happen again.我们不容许这种事情再发生。【注意】hope,demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。【必背】这些带介词的短语动词有： call on号召arrange for安排long for
35、盼望wait for等待depend on依靠rely on指望（五）动词不定式作定语1.主谓关系The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。2.动宾关系On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写。【注意】由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。She has a child to take care of.她有一个孩子要照看。3.同位关系He broke his promise to wr
36、ite to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。4.修饰关系Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。（六） 动词不定式作状语1.表示目的Im saving up to buy a computer.我在存钱买电脑。【注意】有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.为了吸引注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。2.
37、表示结果He got to the station only to find the train had gone.他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。【必背】不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。（1）so. as to doWould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle？把你的自行车借给我好吗？（2）such. as to doWe are not such fools as to believe him.我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。（3）enough to doHe didnt run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不
38、够快,没赶上火车。（4）only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸自己的脚。（5）too. to doHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。【注意】too.to.结构中的形容词如果是eager,pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。The boy was too eager to get a geography book.那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。3
39、.表示原因I was a fool not to listen to you at that time.我当时不听你的话，真是傻瓜。4.表示条件A man would be blind not to see that.一个人如果看不到这点，那他就是瞎子。四、动词不定式的几种常见结构（一）不定式的复合结构（二）be+不定式结构（三）疑问词+不定式结构（四）with/without+名词+不定式结构（五）It is +形容词+ for/of sb + to do结构（六）分裂不定式动词不定式to do通常是不拆开的，但偶尔也可在不定式符号to和动词原形之间插入一个副词，构成分裂不定式。（七） 用作
40、独立成分的不定式【必背】用作独立成分的不定式：to tell you the truth说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with首先to be brief简言之to make a long story short长话短说to be exact精确地说to say nothing of姑且不说to conclude总而言之to be sure诚然，固然to do him justice说句对他公道的话so to speak可以这么说（八）用主动式表示被动含义的不定式（九）表示虚拟语气的不定式完成式（十）用于感叹句五、不定式巩固练习1.Skilled workers al
41、so combine various hardwoods and metal _ (create) special designs. 2.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only_(find) it didnt fit.3.I was really annoyed _(learn) that they started out without me.4.For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _(eat)!
42、5.It took years of work _(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 6.The driver failed_(see) the other car in time.7.My job is _(clean) the room three times a week.8.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. (改错题)9.If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better _(control) your stress, as you probably are under
