1、一、名词（名词分可数名词和不可数名词）可数名词：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；l 一般在前面加a；l 以元音开头的单词前用an：（元音字母有Aa，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu）an apple an English book 特殊记：an hour a university student2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则例词一般情况+sbooks, cups, catsdogs, birds, armsdays, players以-s,-sh, -ch, -x结尾+esbuses, boxes, watches大多数以-o结尾的名词+estomatoes, potat
2、oes少多数以-o结尾的名词+spianos, photos, zoos以辅音字母加y结尾把y改成i再加escities, libraries以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加esknives, leaves不规则名词的复数1. man-men, woman-women ,policeman-policewomen，tooth-teeth, foot-feet, child-children2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： sheep, deer, fish, people不可数名词(没有复数，前面不加a/an)：如，hair，rice，bread，milk, water
3、, tea, money, medicine, beef名词所有格的形式：单数人称名词末尾加 s mothers Mikes以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加 girls students 不以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加s childrens mens 二、人称代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits三、动词动词主要表示动作，小学
4、的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。注意：be动词的用法：I跟am，you/we/they跟are，is连着he/she/it,单数is，复数都用are。动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数过去式现在分词learnlearnslearnedlearningstudystudiesstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddoinggogoeswentgoingrunrunsranrunningswimswimsswamswimminghavehashadhaving三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks, learns, says结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+e
5、spasses, washes, teaches, goes，watches结尾为辅音字母+y变y为i+esstudies, flies动词的过去式加ed以e结尾，加ed以辅音字母加y结尾，先变y为i再加ed以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词特殊lookedwashedpassedlikedlivedstudied stopped, plannedmake-made sing-sang fly-flew win-wonbuy-bought take-took eat-ate see-sawget-got am/is-was are-were leave-left现在分词情况变化规则例
6、词一般情况+ingdoing, asking以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加inghaving, taking, writing, living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加inggetting, setting, putting, sitting，planning动词的时态动词时态是表示时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：1.一般现在时：work/works2. 现在进行时：am/is/are working3. 一般过去时：worked4. 一般将来时：am/is/are going to work1.一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性
7、的动作或目前的状态(结构：动词用原形或三人称单数)。常与时间副词连用：sometimes, always, often, usually, every（day，weekend，month，year）, on Sundays, on the weekend等。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHe works.ItSheHe do
8、esnt work.It sheDoes he work? it特殊疑问句：What do you usually do?2.现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作(结构：am/is/are+动词ing )。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now, look, listen等。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I am working.We are working.Im not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?T
9、hey are working.They arent working.Are they working?SheHe is working.ItSheHe isnt working.It she14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。自来水是主要的饮用水，饮用水源受到污染，会直接影响我们的身体健康。Is he working? it特殊疑问句：What are you doing now?3、米饭里面的主要成分是淀粉。米饭淀粉遇到碘酒，颜色变成蓝色，这种蓝色物质是一种不同于米饭和淀粉的新物质。3.一般过去时答：当地球运行到月球和太阳的中间，如果地球挡住了太阳射向月球的光，便发生月食。通
10、常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。(结构：动词用过去式 )。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last（day，weekend，month，year，night, Sunday）in 1998等。21、血液中的细胞好像运输兵，负责运输吸入的氧气和产生的二氧化碳。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句4、咀嚼馒头的外皮也可以感觉到甜味吗？为什么？I worked.1、世界是由物质构成的。我们身边的书、橡皮、电灯、大树、动物、植物包括我们自己都是由物质构成的。We worked.在铁制品表面涂上油漆或菜油，用完铁制品后擦干放在干
11、燥的地方等。I didnt work.答：这个垃圾场不仅要能填埋垃圾，而且要能防止周围环境和地下水的污染。We didnt work.3、月球是距离地球最近的星球直径大约是地球的1/4，质量大约是地球的1/80，月球体积大约是地球的1/49，月球引力大约是地球的1/6。Did I work?一、填空：Did we work?You worked.You didnt work.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.Did they work? She He worked. ItSheHe didnt work.It sheDid he work? it
12、特殊疑问句：What did you do yesterday?4.一般将来时(结构：am/is/are + going to +动词原形 或者will +动词原形)表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next（weekend，month，year）,the day after tomorrowBe going to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.Were going to work.Im not going t
13、o work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to work.Are they going to work?SheHe is going to work.ItSheHe isnt going to work.It sheIs he going to work? itYoure going to w
14、ork.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?特殊疑问句：What are you going to do tomorrow?/what will you do next week?情态动词can的用法：基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I can swim.We can swim.I cant swim.We cant swim.Can I swim?Can we swim?You can swim.You cant swim.Can you swim?They can swim.They cant swim.Can they swim?Sh
15、eHe can swim.ItSheHe cant swim.It sheCan he swim? it特殊疑问句：What can you do?四、数词1.表示数目的词称为基数词112的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319的基数词： thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090的基数词： twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seve
16、nty, eighty, ninety2129的基数： twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.百位数：one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, four hundredfive hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine,seven
17、 hundred and eight, eight hundred and one千位数：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five2 表示数目顺序的词称为序数词1. 英语序数词第1-19除了first, second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。 注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth的拼法特殊。2. 十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如： twentytwentieth, fortyfortiet
18、h五、介词方位介词in, on, at, under, to, over, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between时间介词in, on, at, after（.之后）, before, fromto, past, between（.之间）其它of, by（.交通方式）, with（和）, into, out off, for, about（关于）,in+月份/季节/年份 如：in May， in spring，in 2013， in the morning/afternoon/eveningin+地点 如：in t
19、he park in Shanghai on+星期/日期等具体时间 如：on Monday in October 22ndat+具体时刻或地点 如：at 9:00 at home 六、形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er, 如：taller, longer+est, 如：tallest, longest以e结尾+r, 如： larger+st, 如： largest以重读闭音节结尾的词双写最后一个字母再+er, 如: bigger, fatter，hotter，thinner双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：biggest, fattest ,hottest，thin
20、nest以辅音字母加y结尾的词把y改为i再+er, 如：busier, earlier，happier，funnier把y改为i再+est, 如：busiest, earliest,happiest,funniest不规则的词：good/well many/much farbettermorefartherbest most farthest比较级的用法如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He is thinner than me.My hands are bigger than yours.Jim is as tall as his father.( Jim和他爸爸一样高
21、。)Litter Water Drop goes higher and higher.(小水滴越飞越高。)The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is.（山越高，空气就越稀薄）最高级的用法：Which do you like best, basketball, volleyball, or football? 篮球，排球，足球，你最喜欢哪一种？Who is oldest of the three boys? (三个男孩，谁最老？) 七There be 的结构There be表示 “某处有某物”, 肯定句： There is/was a T
22、here are/were 一般疑问句: Is/Was there ? Yes, there is/was. No, there isnt/was. Are there? Yes, there are/were. No, there arent/werent.否定句： There isnt/wasnt . There arent/werent.1.Some 和 any 一般情况下， some用于肯定句中， any用于否定句和疑问句中。如： There is some milk in the bottle. There arent any pictures on the wall. Is the
23、re anything new in todays newspaper?2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则： There is a pen and two pencils in the box. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.3.特殊疑问句：1) Whats in the basket? There are some eggs in it.2) How many students are there in your class? There are fifty students.八“Wh”的疑问句1. What1
24、) Whats this/that? 2) Whats your name? 3) What are you doing? 4) What do you like? 5) What did you do? 6) What does he/she do? 7) What do you usually do on the weekends? 8) What are you going to do? 9) What colour is it? 10) Whats the weather like? 11) What time is it? Whats the time? 12) What day i
25、s it today? Whats the date? 13) What would you like? 13) What can you see? 14) What subjects do you have this term? 15) What lessons do you have in the morning?How 1) How are you? 2) How old are you? 3) How do we go to the park? 4) How many apples can you see? 5) How much are they? 6) How about? 7)
26、How far is it from here? How long is it? How often do you go to the park ? How heavy are you? How big is it? How tall are you?Who Who is that? Whos that boy in/with?Whose 1)Whose is this bike? 2)Whose bike is this? 3) Whose bag is bigger, yours or mine?Which 1) Which one? 2) Which is longer, yours o
27、r mine? 3) Which season do you like best?Where 1) Where is the book? 2) Where are you from?Why Why?九电话用语 Can I speak to +某个人 ？ This is/Its +某个人. Please hold on.There is a call for you. Is that + 某个人（+speaking）？ 十缩略形式I am=Im you are=youre he is= hes she is=shes it is=its we are=were they are=theyre a
28、re not=arent is not=isnt do not=dont does not=doesnt did not=didnt can not=cant there is=theres I will=Ill who is=whos what is=whats where is=wheres let us=lets Id like=I would like 十一. What/How about +动词 ing like+动词ing am/is/are+动词ing Thank you for +动词 ing Lets+动词原形 can +动词原形 Its time to+动词原形 to+动词原形 Its time for +动词 ing十二.书写格式：什么时候大写：关于月份/星期/名字的单词首字母大写，标点符号: 句末的句号用“.”（小圆点）26个英文字母大小写（手写体）26个英文字母大小写记忆法大写字母：全部占满上两格头上有辫上两格，下面有尾下两格；无辫无尾中间格，f 和 j 占三格。小写字母：（看情况）
