1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 教案教学内容分析直接引语和间接引语是中等职业教育国家规划教材Unit3的语法。作为英语语法体系中的一版块,在职业英语教材中属于必讲语法点。而且,在日常生活中，我们常常需要引用或转述别人的话，在作为一种特殊的叙述形态,直接引语能给文本创造出“逼真”的叙述效果。鉴于直接引语和间接引语的实用性，再考虑到职业学校学生就业的特点，因此,我们很有必要探究:如何简捷、高效地进行直接引语和间接引语的教学，使学生掌握并正确运用直接引语和间接引语的转变，并提高语言表达能力。Teaching Aims：1 Train the students sp
2、eeking ability.2 Learn and master Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.Teaching Important Points：1.Improve the students speeking ability.2.直接引语和间接引语的相互转化 Teaching Difficult Points：1.直接引语转化为间接引语时在时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词等方面的变化。2. 直接引语为陈述句、祈使句、一般问句、特殊疑问句时转化为间接引语的变化。Teaching Aids:多媒体和幻灯片Teaching Procedures：St
3、ep I Greeting and speech Greet the students as usual and the student who is on duty give a speech before class.Step II Lead-in 把Michael Phelps的头像用大屏幕呈现给学生，让学生猜出这个人是谁，并讨论这个游泳冠军的体貌特征，然后让学生踊跃发言。用Michael Phelps 描述自身体貌特征的话引出间接引语，从而导入直接引语和间接引语的教学。Step III Introduction一、介绍直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号,叫
4、直接引语。间接引语用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。二、直接引语与间接引语相转化时应注意的变化。1）句式结构上的变化（借助多媒体分步讲解以下三种句式的变化）A 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接，that无实际意义,可省略;“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.变成间接引语要把I换成she,把dont换成didnt.Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.B 一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用
5、陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether.“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?”, they asked him.变成间接引语时在They asked him后加if，把is变成was.They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.C 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。They asked him “ When do you harvest the wheat ?”变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问词when放在第一位,后用陈述句语序,把harv
6、est变成harvested.They asked him when he harvested the wheat然后让学生小组讨论如下练习，并从每个小组选出一名学生进行回答，即巩固以上所学知识，又练习了学生的表达能力。1.He said,“I want to see you.” 2.He said to me,“I have left my book in your room.” 3.She said to us,“Please sit down.”4.He said,“Don,t make so much noise,boys” 5.He said,“Are you interested
7、in English?” 6.He said,“Did you see him last night? 7.He asked me,“Why did you come so late?”2）时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。主句的谓语动词为现在时的时候，从句的时态不变。当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。时态一般在原有的时态上往前推一个时态。用表格清晰地展示给学生。 直接引语时态 间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语变
8、间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变直接引语间接引语 can could maymight shall/willShouldwould needntdidnt have to mustmust ought toOught to借助多媒体再做练习，采取小组打分的形式，即巩固以上知识，又激励了他们学习的热情。提醒学生三种特殊的情况。1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teacher said to us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
9、The teacher said to us : “Light travels faster than sound .”The teacher said that light travels faster than sound .2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如 ：She said: I went to England in 1998.”She said she went to England in 1998.3如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在当天当地，那么直接引语中的 come、here、 tomorrow、this morning、to
10、day、yesterday等不必改变My friend says:” I will come here tomorrow.”My friend say that she will come here tomorrow3）人称的变化。学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化；若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致,如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称；如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。可以概括为“一主、
11、二宾、三不变” 。 例如：She said:“ I am hungry”. She said she was hungry.Mum said to me:“ You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.” Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .Mr. Smith said，“He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker. He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He sai
12、d his brother had failed in the exam.让学生做下列巩固练习题。He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”He asked Mary how _mother was then.My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good studentHe said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.4）另外还有其他一
13、些变化，用表格形式展示给学生，便于记忆。直接引语 间接引语指示代词 this thesethat those时间状语now, today ， this week ，yesterdaylast weekfour days ago tomorrow ，next monththen, that day that weekthe day before the week beforefour days beforethe next day the next month地点状语 herethere方向性动词come bringgo takeStep V Summary把以上知识用表格的形式小结，能起到复习巩固，把复杂的知识简单化，使繁杂的知识结构一目了然。Step VII HomeworkDo the practice of Page35
