1、语法互动语法互动(十五十五)宾语从句和宾语从句和定语从句定语从句 中考要求中考要求熟练掌握宾语从句和定语从句的构成和用法。熟练掌握宾语从句和定语从句的构成和用法。宾语从句宾语从句 考点一考点一 引导词引导词 1在在that 引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以可以省略。省略。The radio says(that)it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。收音机报道说明天要下雨。2连接代词连接代词which,what,who,whom,whose等或连接副词等或连接副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问
2、句作宾语的从句时,等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时,从句改用从句改用陈述句语序陈述句语序。如:。如:Could you tell me _ to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?3whether 或或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时,句时,从句改用陈述句语序从句改用陈述句语序。I wonder _ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。what he said if/whether考点二考点二 时态时
3、态1当主句为一般现在时、现在进行时或当主句为一般现在时、现在进行时或 现在完成时现在完成时,从句从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。根据语境可以使用任何时态。Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。I am wondering when Christmas father sends me a gift.我一直想知道圣代老人什么给我送的礼物。我一直想知道圣代老人什么给我送的礼物。He has told that hell leave for New York t
4、omorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2当主句为一般过去时时,从句要用相对应的过去的时态当主句为一般过去时时,从句要用相对应的过去的时态(过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。We asked what Jean did just now/was doing then./would do next/had done by the time the meeting was over.我们问我们问Jean刚才做了什么刚才做了什么/那时正在做什么那时正在做什么/接下来接下来将会做什么将会做什么/会议结束
5、之前做了什么。会议结束之前做了什么。3当从句表述的是当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要使用时,宾语从句要使用一一般现在时。般现在时。Lisa asked whether light _ faster than sound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。Polly said no news is good news.波利说没有消息就是好消息波利说没有消息就是好消息。travels/goes 1陈述句改为宾语从句时语序不变,即仍用陈述陈述句改为宾语从句时语序不变,即仍用陈述句语序。句语序。He is a good boy.The te
6、acher said.考点三考点三 语序语序 The teacher said(that)he was a good boy.2一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述句语序。句语序。Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder if/whether _When did he leave?I dont know.提醒提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。结构的简单句。I do
7、nt know what I should say.I dont know what _he works hard to say I dont know when he left.1人称的变化人称的变化考点四考点四 直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语 一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新She said,“I am tired.”她说:她说:“我累了。我累了。”She said that _ tired.The headmaster said to us,“You must study hard now.”校长说:校长说:“你们现在一定要努力学习。你们现在一定要努力学
8、习。”The headmaster told us that _ had to study hard then.she was we 2引导词和语序引导词和语序语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语引导词引导词语序语序陈述句陈述句that(可省略可省略)不变不变一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether疑问句语序改为疑问句语序改为陈述句语序陈述句语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问句wh-类词类词疑问句语序改为疑问句语序改为陈述句语序陈述句语序直接引语改为动词不定式时,需将主句中的直接引语改为动词不定式时,需将主句中的say to sb.改为改为tel
9、l/ask sb.,构成构成tell/ask sb.(not)to do sth.句型句型3.时态的变化时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律一般是:一致。其规律一般是:一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句4指示代词、时间和地点状语等的变化指示代词、时间和
10、地点状语等的变化thisthatthesethosenow_ todaythat daytonight_this week(year,term)_yesterday_last week(year,term)the week(year,term)beforetwo years ago_tomorrowthe next(following)daynext week(year,term)the next week(year,term)here_语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句then that night that week(year,term)the day bef
11、ore two years before there引导定语从句的关系代词有引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose,whom),which,that。关系代词的基本用法:关系代词的基本用法:考点一考点一 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法 定语从句(概念?)定语从句(概念?)作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作定语作定语指人指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:1.1.当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which/th
12、at were planted last year.2.2.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)作宾语可省略)The man(who/that/whom)I talked with is our teacher.A person who/that steals
13、things is called a thief.The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词如介词提前则不能省提前则不能省)The man(whom/who/that)I spoke to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I spoke is Mr.Li.I know the girl whose mother is a te
14、acher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语3.whose多指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定多指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose指物时可与指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。Whose 用用来代替来代替 his/her/their/its.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.4.that
15、 指人指人/物,作主语或宾语物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)作宾语可省略)A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that/which can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that/who/whom)I told you about.(作主语,不可省略。)(作主语,不可省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)5.which 指物,作主语或宾语指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省 略略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These a
16、re the trees which/that were planted last year.This computer(which/that)he is using ismade in China.Is this the library(which/that)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?指物,只用指物,只用 which(作主语,不可省略。)(作主语,不可省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)(作宾语,可以省略。)6.that和和which在指物的情
17、况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下但在下列情况下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。(1)先行词为先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much,none等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行词被序数词或最
18、高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl(that)drove the car?Who(that)broke the window will be punished.(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are
19、 200 people(that)didnt know the thing.根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子1The girl _ very _(个子很高个子很高)is Johns sister.2We like music _(让我们轻松的让我们轻松的)3He likes the places _(天气暖和的天气暖和的)4The watch _ (我昨天买的我昨天买的)was lost.5I will never forget the days _(我们生活我们生活 在一起的在一起的)考点过关考点过关who is tallwhich/that makes us relaxed whe
20、re its warm that/which I bought yesterdaywhen we lived together 语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句.根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子1你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗?你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗?Could you tell me _ _ _ _ _ in China?2我确信他会准时到达。我确信他会准时到达。I am sure _ _ _ _ _3你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。Your mother wants to know _ you have reached school safely.4我不知道他们住在哪儿。我不知道他们住在哪儿。I dont know _ _ _5科学家说地球绕着太阳转。科学家说地球绕着太阳转。Scientists said _ _ _ _ _ _ _howlongyouhavebeenwill arriveon time if/whetherhe语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句wheretheylivethat the earth movesaround thesun