1、1 结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important
2、 to learn.(1).主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault(错）错）.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its+n
3、.+to doIts our duty _ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains 句型句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is useful for us to read m
4、ore after school.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.1.It is very important for us _ English well.A learn B learning C to learn D learned2.爬那棵高树对于你来
5、说太危险了。dangerous for you _ _ that tall tree.It isto climb（2008甘肃兰州）甘肃兰州）(2).表语表语My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis1.I want to go home.The workers decide to finish the work.考点二：宾语考点二：宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse（拒绝）（拒绝）,learn,want,try，choose,decide,agree（同意
6、，赞成）（同意，赞成）,hope,plan,would like，need,like,wish,seem,forget,start,begin等等2.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/consider(考虑）考虑）/find it+adj.+to do 3.常跟疑问词常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词不定式作宾语的动词:He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.
7、I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补二看二看 watch see look at 三三使使 let make have 一一听听 listen to hear四注意四注意:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等notice五感觉五感觉:I made him do his work.He was
8、 made to do his work(by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He
9、 is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)1.不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓
10、关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。He had no mo
11、ney and no place to live(in).他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.注意：注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：如：He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very exc
12、ited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there.To look at him，you would like him(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上）（写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（写）to write onto write withI came here t
13、o see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truthTo tell the truth,I dont agree with you.关于小品词关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2
14、).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.1.had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.Why(not)do sth.?/Why dont you do sth?3.prefer to do/prefer doing4.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B5.prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B6.would rather(not)do sth.7.would r
15、ather do A than(do)B8.would rather+句子（过去式）句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）要做要做1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern
16、part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is st
17、ill on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,
18、made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish
19、B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made13.I would rather starve to deat
20、h than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of
21、 new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains
22、_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while sh
23、e was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told hi
24、m _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charl
25、es Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
