1、Unit Four The use of non-predicateTeaching aims: Students should be able to 1) master some basic information about non-predicate 2) write different sentences with non-predicate非谓语动词不定式 Infinitive 现在分词 Present Participle过去分词 Past Participle 动名词 Gerund使用非谓语动词可达到简洁的效果如何缩小城乡差别对于政府而言是个棘手的问题。The widening
2、gap between cities and rural areas should be bridged. This is a pressing issue for our government.How to bridge the widening gap between cities and rural areas is a pressing issue for our government.一、不定式不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。 分为带TO 和不带TO两种形式。（一）作主语1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.2.
3、把小孩送到寄宿学校有助于培养独立性和交际能力。To send children to a boarding school helps cultivate independence and social skills.（一）作主语1.鼓励妇女回家做全职太太是荒唐的。It is ridiculous to encourage women to go home to be full-time housewives.2.政府有必要制定更加严厉的法律和法规来打击涉毒犯罪。It is imperative for the government to constitute more rigid laws a
4、nd regulations to fight against drug-related crimes.二）作宾语1.新政府决定制定更多严厉的法律和法规来遏制急剧上升的犯罪率。The new government decides to constitute more rigid laws and regulations to curb the soaring crime rate.2.旅游业的发展有助于保护我们的文化遗产，提供更多的就业机会。The development of tourism helps preserve our cultural heritage and create mo
5、re job opportunities. 三）作表语1.解决垃圾问题的一个对策是禁止使用一次性产品。One of the solutions to the rubbish problem is to ban disposable products.The best way to. is to.2.The main reason to be vegetarian is to reduce animal suffering. 成为素食者的主要原因是要减少动物遭受的痛苦。四）作补语1.我很荣幸邀请您到我家度周末It is a great pleasure for me to invite you
6、to spend the weekend with us at my home.2.海外留学背景令我们比别人具有优势。An overseas study background enables us to have an advantage over others.五）作定语1.政府有义务保护公民的身心健康。Governments have a duty to protect the moral and physical health of their citizens.2.鼓励人们早点退休是减轻就业压力的有效方法。To encourage people to retire early is a
7、n effective means to ease the tension of employment. 六）作状语（目的、结果、原因）1.为了保持健康，我们应该养成更健康的饮食习惯和锻炼模式。In order to stay healthy, it is advisable for us to adopt and maintain healthier patterns of eating and exercise.2.我现写信向你表示我衷心的谢意，感谢在澳洲旅游期间你对我的热情款待。I write this letter to express my heartfelt for your ho
8、spitality during my visit to Australia. 二、动名词一）作主语1.吃肉也增加得心脏病的危险。Eating meat also increases the risk of heart disease.2.照料宠物可以培养小孩的交际能力。Taking care of a pet can help children develop social skills. 二）作表语这个项目的目的是减少空气污染。The aim of the program is reducing air pollution.三）作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词：finish, avoid, en
9、joy, appreciate, practise, delay, deny, risk, postpone, imagine我们恭候佳音。We all appreciate hearing from you again.四）作定语如果你想提高写作能力，建议你多做写作和阅读练习。If you wish to improve your writing ability, you are advisable to do more writing and reading practice.三、现在分词一）作表语1. 网上冲浪浪费时间Surfing the Internet is time-consum
10、ing.2. 有些电视节目是误导人的。Some TV programs are misleading. 二）作定语困扰我们政府的迫切问题是越来越多的青少年吸毒。A pressing issue vexing our government is that a growing numbers of youth take drugs. 三）作状语在部队服役，女性能培养独立、自信、自尊、自信。Serving in the army, females can develop independence, self-confidence, self-respect and self-reliance.四）作
11、补语我觉得就业形势令人沮丧。I find the employment situation frustrating. 四、过去分词一）作表语没有严格的纪律，孩子们不太可能举止得当和有修养的人。Without strict discipline, children are unlikely to be well behaved and well-bred. 二）作定语根据新颁布的规定，许多司机被处罚。Many drivers are penalized according to the newly issued regulations.三）作状语由于深受大量网络色情和暴力的影响，有些青年误入歧途
12、。Deeply influenced by excessive violence and pornography on the Internet, some teenagers err from the right path. 四）作补语我们要妥善处理核废料。We should have the nuclear waste well disposed of.Ex Translation1.为了改善我们的生活环境，我们必须马上行动起来。To improve our living environment, we need to take actions immediately.2.给小孩零花钱是有
13、益处的。It is beneficial to give children some pocket money.3.一些城市通过限制私家车和发展公共交通来缓解沉重的交通压力.(manage to do )Some cities manage to ease the pressure of heavy traffic by restricting private cars and developing pubic transportation.4.培养小孩独立性和自信心的最佳方法是给他们一份兼职The best way to foster a childs independence and se
14、lf-confidence is to give him (her) a part-time job.5.在动物园里，稀有动物可以享受更好的居住环境和专业的照料。Kept in zoos, some rare animals can enjoy better living conditions and professional care.6.我觉得心跳得很快。I feel my heart beating at high speed.7.太多游客涌入旅游景点对文物的保护构成潜在威胁。Too many tourists flooding into the tourist attractions
15、pose potential threat to the conversation of cultural relics.8.负责任的政府的主要任务是消除贫困、疾病和文盲。The main task of a responsible government is eliminating poverty, disease and illiteracy.9.跳槽给我们展示多才多艺的机会。Job-hopping offers us opportunity to exhibit versatile talents.Assignment Note-writingYour friend Jack has got his masters degree. Write a note to show your congratulations.Recent figures of crimes committed by young people is increasing in major cities throughout the world, discuss the possible reasons and solutions.7 / 7
