1、词法篇代词、冠词和介词2019届二轮复习语法专题经典品味洞察考向专题精析考点突破内容索引精选模拟强化训练经典品味洞察考向根据空格后的名词及上文中的根据空格后的名词及上文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容可知要用形容词性物主代词。词性物主代词。考点一代词.语法填空考点聚焦语法填空考点聚焦考向考向1人称、物主与反身代词人称、物主与反身代词1.On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it)mother.(2016全国全国)典题 试做it
2、s 答案 解析空格后面有名词空格后面有名词smog,故要使用形容词性物主代词。,故要使用形容词性物主代词。2.A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.(2015全国全国)答案 解析its句意为:现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的,奶牛的死也似乎给他句意为:现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的,奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。带来了好运气。It occurred to sb.that.某人突然想到
3、某人突然想到,固定句型,固定句型,此句型中此句型中sb.为宾语,应用宾格形式,故填为宾语,应用宾格形式,故填him。3.Now it occurred to (he)that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015广东广东)答案 解析him此题答案不唯一,要根据语境仔细揣摩。此处的此题答案不唯一,要根据语境仔细揣摩。此处的it如果指前面的如果指前面的suitcase的话,那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词的话,那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine,表示,表示“那个箱子是我那
4、个箱子是我的的”;如果指前面的;如果指前面的anyone的话,那么此空需要用的话,那么此空需要用I的宾格形式的宾格形式me,表,表示示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。4.Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its _(I).”(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案 解析me/mine根据语境可知,此处表示他根据语境可知,此处表示他(the new boy)摘下眼镜,故空格处指摘下
5、眼镜,故空格处指those glasses,作,作take off的宾语,且为复数形式,故填的宾语,且为复数形式,故填them。5.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.Then he took off,gave a big smile and said,“Thats cool.”(2012广东广东)答案 解析them根据句意可知此处应该填入指代根据句意可知此处应该填入指代leg的代词。句意为:抬起腿,让它的代词。句意为:抬起腿,让它(it)在空中
6、停一会儿。在空中停一会儿。考向考向2it及替代词及替代词1.Jonny:Keep holding your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.(2014辽宁辽宁)答案 解析it从空后的从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可知,这个地方就是可知,这个地方就是Miami,用用it指代前面提到的地点。指代前面提到的地点。2.Last year,my brother
7、and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination.(2014广东广东)答案 解析it句意为:在那个学生离开后,这位老师让另一位学生品尝泉水。句意为:在那个学生离开后,这位老师让另一位学生品尝泉水。another又一个,另一个。又一个,另一个。考向考向3不定代词不定代词1.After the student left,the teacher let student taste the water.(2010
8、广东广东)答案 解析another根据上文可知,空后的根据上文可知,空后的us指上文提到的指上文提到的“the man”和和“I”,故此处指这使我们,故此处指这使我们“两个人两个人”都感到很好。都感到很好。2.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy
9、the rest of the way home.Im glad I made the choice.It made of us feel good.(2011广东广东)答案 解析both考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知,此处要用可知,此处要用our,表示表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野我们能够开阔我们的视野”。.短文改错考点聚焦短文改错考点聚焦(每小题每小题1处错误处错误)考向考向1指代不一致指代不一致1.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowle
10、dge we cannot get from books.(2016全国全国)答案 解析our考查反身代词。根据句意,此处指考查反身代词。根据句意,此处指“我自己我自己”。2.At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.(2016全国全国)答案 解析myself3.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2016四川四川)由前面的由前面的When he came back可知,这束花是在可知,这束花是在“他的他的(h
11、is)”手里。手里。答案 解析his4.We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so,well live to regret it.(2015全国全国)our/the依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知,依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知,your与上下文相悖,结合句意与上下文相悖,结合句意应当改为应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。才能使句意通顺。答案 解析5.As I told you last time,I made three new friends here.,but Im afraid Ill lose
12、their friendship.What do you think I should do?If you were me,would you talk to him?Please help me and give me some advice.(2015四川四川)根据上文可知,此处指作者交的三个新朋友,故用根据上文可知,此处指作者交的三个新朋友,故用them。句意为:你。句意为:你会和他们谈吗?会和他们谈吗?them 答案 解析由句意可知,此处代替前面的单数由句意可知,此处代替前面的单数a beautiful park,故用故用it。6.Close to the school there w
13、as a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江浙江)答案 解析it根据句意及英语表达习惯,应当在根据句意及英语表达习惯,应当在parents前加上与主语前加上与主语Tom相一相一致的物主代词致的物主代词his。考向考向2代词的缺失与误用代词的缺失与误用1.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.(2015全国全国)答案 解析hissomething一般用在肯定句中,表示一般用在肯定句中,表示“一些事一些事”;anything一般用在疑一般用在疑问句和否定句中,表示问句和否定句中,表示“任何事任何事”
14、。2.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.(2015陕西陕西)答案 解析something根据句意可知,此处指的是花费很多钱,代指不可数名词,故用根据句意可知,此处指的是花费很多钱,代指不可数名词,故用much而非而非many。3.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.(2015四川四川)答案 解析much从后面的从后面的“they were like rain”可知,射出去的箭不止两支,因此应把可知,射出去的箭不止两支,因此应
15、把Neither改为改为None。4.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were like rain!(2014陕西陕西)答案 解析Noneset的主语的主语which指代指代a deep voice,而非,而非he,故应用宾格,故应用宾格him。5.He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town,and he was strong an
16、d powerful.(2013新课标全国新课标全国)答案 解析him由句意可知,由句意可知,us指的是前面提到的指的是前面提到的“我我”和和“她她”两个人,故应用两个人,故应用both。6.After thinking for some time,I let her copy my answers.But after the test,all of us were called to the teachers office.(2013四川四川)答案 解析both句意为:他拥有一个农场,这个农场看起来都快废弃了。句意为:他拥有一个农场,这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定是不定冠词,表示泛指冠
17、词,表示泛指“一个一个”,修饰可数名词单数。,修饰可数名词单数。考点二冠词.语法填空考点聚焦语法填空考点聚焦考向考向1表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词1.He owned farm,which looked almost abandoned.(2015广东广东)答案 解析aon the top floor在顶层。在顶层。2.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.(2014广东广东)答案 解析the由上文中的关键词由上文中的关键词twin,one可知这里
18、考查可知这里考查one.the other.(一个一个另另一个一个)的用法。故答案为的用法。故答案为the。考向考向2固定结构中的冠词固定结构中的冠词1.On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国全国)答案 解析the让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。
19、固定表达让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达for a while一会儿。一会儿。2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.(2016全国全国)答案 解析a空格之后为形容词的最高级形式,故填定冠词。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式,故填定冠词。3.The adobe dwellings(土坯房土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by
20、 even _ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国全国)答案 解析thea small amount of少量的,为固定搭配。少量的,为固定搭配。4.In the beginning,there was only very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always thinking that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended
21、 up today.(2013广东广东)答案 解析a此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。.短文改错考点聚焦短文改错考点聚焦(每小题每小题1处错误处错误)考向考向1冠词的遗漏冠词的遗漏1.But in that case,we will learn little about world.(2016全国全国)答案 解析theat the end of在在结束时,为固定搭配。结束时,为固定搭配。2.Every time he arrived home at end of the day,wed greet him at the door.(2016浙江浙江)答案 解析the此
22、处特指我们家的厨房。此处特指我们家的厨房。3.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016四川四川)答案 解析thein the countryside 在乡村,为固定短语。在乡村,为固定短语。4.Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean and the mountains are green.(2015全国全国)答案 解析thein a hurry匆匆忙忙,为固定短语。匆匆忙忙
23、,为固定短语。5.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江浙江)答案 解析aas a result结果,为固定搭配。故结果,为固定搭配。故as后应加后应加a。6.As result,the plants are growing everywhere.(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案 解析aat first 固定短语。固定短语。考向考向2冠词的多用冠词的多用1.At the first,I thou
24、ght I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国全国)答案 解析此处为泛指,不表特指,故删除此处为泛指,不表特指,故删除the。2.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案 解析表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。考向考向3冠词的误用冠词的误用1.He liked it so much that he quickly walked i
25、nto the shop.he turned around and found his parents were missing.Tony was scared and began to cry.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国全国)答案 解析thean average of.平均有平均有,为固定搭配。,为固定搭配。2.Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.(2014辽宁辽宁)答案 解析an结合语境和常识可知,有火灾发生消
26、防员才会来救火,故此处特指结合语境和常识可知,有火灾发生消防员才会来救火,故此处特指上文提到的上文提到的a fire,应用定冠词,应用定冠词the。3.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.(2014四川四川)答案 解析the“学到了印象深刻的一课学到了印象深刻的一课”,故用不定冠词表,故用不定冠词表“泛指泛指”;impressive以以元音音素开头,故元音音素开头,故a应改为应改为an。4.That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learn
27、t a impressive lesson about gravity!(2014陕西陕西)答案 解析anwith ones hands 用某人的手。介词用某人的手。介词with意为意为“用用”。考点三介词.语法填空考点聚焦语法填空考点聚焦考向考向1常见介词的考查常见介词的考查1.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat their hands.(2016全国全国)答案 解析with“for时间段时间段”表示持续一段时间。熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两
28、表示持续一段时间。熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。年多。2.The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.(2016四川四川)答案 解析for根据句意可知,此处表示根据句意可知,此处表示“驱车只有一小时的路程驱车只有一小时的路程”。“by交通工具交通工具名词名词”表示乘坐交通工具,为固定短语。表示乘坐交通工具,为固定短语。3.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the
29、 better-known city.(2015全国全国)by 答案 解析根据文意可知,奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候,不小心摔死了,因此根据文意可知,奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候,不小心摔死了,因此Johnson先生一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填先生一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下生活。故填without。4.One day,the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away,she fell over the hill and died.Then the Joh
30、nsons tried to make a living the cow.(2015广东广东)答案 解析withoutat a lower price以较低以较低的价格,故此处用介的价格,故此处用介词词at。5.Nick replied,“The only reason a man would sell salt(1)a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect
31、(2)_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”(2013广东广东)答案 解析forat 答案 解析a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle缺乏对缺乏对汗水和努力的尊重。汗水和努力的尊重。考向考向2介词短语中的介词介词短语中的介词1.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during th
32、e hot day:the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2015全国全国)at the same time意为意为“同时同时”,是一个常用的介词短语。,是一个常用的介词短语。答案 解析at2.When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.(2014新课标全国新课标全国)此处是一个固定短语此处是一个固定短语next to,意为,意为“挨着挨着”。答案
33、解析to考向考向3动词短语中的介词动词短语中的介词1.But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.(2016全国全国)go back to为固定短语,意为为固定短语,意为“回到,追溯到回到,追溯到”。答案 解析to2.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全国全国)我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。我们中的很多人早晨的注意力
34、要比一天中晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on专心于,集中于,为固定短语。专心于,集中于,为固定短语。答案 解析on3.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(2015广东广东)句意为:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中句意为:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或用牛奶换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换,根据句意可知,的意思是交换,根据句
35、意可知,Johnson先生用牛奶换其他的先生用牛奶换其他的食物。这里是用短语食物。这里是用短语exchange.for.,故填介词,故填介词for。答案 解析for4.Peter:OK.Dont laugh me.I may look funny.(2014辽宁辽宁)laugh at是固定搭配,意为是固定搭配,意为“嘲笑,取笑嘲笑,取笑”。答案 解析at5.I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged the reservation.(2014广东广东)联系空后的联系空后
36、的the reservation可以知道,可以知道,“我我”的信用卡已经为这次预订的信用卡已经为这次预订支付钱了。支付钱了。be charged for是固定搭配。是固定搭配。答案 解析for.短文改错考点聚焦短文改错考点聚焦(每小题每小题1处错误处错误)考向考向1介词的遗漏介词的遗漏1.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016全国全国)固定短语固定短语dream of doing sth.意为意为“梦想做某事梦想做某事”。答案 解析of2.We can lie on the
37、 grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.(2014新课标全国新课标全国)listen为不及物动词,后跟名词时应该加上介词为不及物动词,后跟名词时应该加上介词to。答案 解析to3.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.(2014辽宁辽宁)figure out制定出,为固定短语。制定出,为固定短语。答案 解析out4.If you hear the ala
38、rm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.(2014四川四川)wait为不及物动词,后面跟宾语时应加介词为不及物动词,后面跟宾语时应加介词for。答案 解析for5.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket,which was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner.(2014浙江浙江)search for 搜查;查找,为固定搭配。搜查;查找,为固定
39、搭配。答案 解析for考向考向2介词的误用介词的误用1.While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.(2016浙江浙江)on the top of.为固定搭配,意为为固定搭配,意为“在在的上面的上面/顶端顶端”。故。故in改成改成on。答案 解析on2.Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.(2015全国全国)with
40、the development of.为固定短语,意为为固定短语,意为“随着随着的发展的发展”。答案 解析with3.One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全国全国)玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的,故用介词玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的,故用介词in。答案 解析in4.My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classr
41、oom were made from glass.(2015浙江浙江)be make from和和be made of都意为都意为“由由制成制成”,但,但be made of是指是指从制成品中能直接看出原材料;从制成品中能直接看出原材料;be made from则不能直接看出原料。则不能直接看出原料。此处表示教室的三面都是玻璃制成的,能够看出原材料,故用此处表示教室的三面都是玻璃制成的,能够看出原材料,故用be made of。答案 解析of考向考向3介词的多用介词的多用1.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.(2016四川四川)go
42、 shopping去购物,去购物,go on shopping继续购物。继续购物。答案 解析2.My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陕西陕西)last week上个星期,前面无需加介词。上个星期,前面无需加介词。答案 解析3.Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015四川四川)动词动词help为及物动词,其后接宾语时无需加介词,故删除为及物动词,其后接宾语时无需加介词,故删除with。句意。句意为:请帮帮我,给我一些建议。为:请帮帮我,给我一些建议。答案 解析一、代词、冠词和介词在语法填空中
43、的考查一、代词、冠词和介词在语法填空中的考查1.代词在语法填空中考查指示代词、不定代词以及代词在语法填空中考查指示代词、不定代词以及it的用法时,无提示词;的用法时,无提示词;而考查人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的词形变换时,则常给出提示词而考查人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的词形变换时,则常给出提示词。应对策略应对策略(1)当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。要根据语境,看该空格是指人还是当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。要根据语境,看该空格是指人还是指物,是指男性还是女性,是单数还是复数。为了避免重复,指物,是指男性还是女性,是单数还是复数。为了避免重复,it,one(s),that,those都可以用
44、来替代上文出现的名词,要注意它们的不同用法。都可以用来替代上文出现的名词,要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词不定代词one,both,neither,nor,all,none,either,another等的用法等的用法。完全 解读(2)如果是物主代词如果是物主代词(表示某人的表示某人的),作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代,作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词;在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词;反身代词反指谁,它通词;在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词;反身代词反指谁
45、,它通常作主语和宾语的同位语,这时人称上应与主语或宾语保持一致;也可常作主语和宾语的同位语,这时人称上应与主语或宾语保持一致;也可作某些动词或介词的宾语,这时人称上需与主语保持一致作某些动词或介词的宾语,这时人称上需与主语保持一致。2.冠词是位于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它冠词是位于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填空中,重点考查冠词的基本用法。不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填空中,重点考查冠词的基本用法。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。应对应对策略策略在名词或在名词或“形容词名词形容词名词”前缺
46、少限定词时,要考虑冠词。不定冠词前缺少限定词时,要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指,可译作表示泛指,可译作“一个一个/件件/本本/座座/”等;定冠词等;定冠词the表示特表示特指,相当于指,相当于“这,这些,那,那些这,这些,那,那些”。另外要注意:特指上文出现的。另外要注意:特指上文出现的或谈话双方都知道的人或事物用或谈话双方都知道的人或事物用the;在序数词前、最高级前、独一无;在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前,用二的事物名词之前,用the。3.在语法填空中,常考表示方位、时间、地点、方式、原因、计量、材在语法填空中,常考表示方位、时间、地点、方式、原因、计量、材料等的介词,
47、以及习惯用语中的介词。料等的介词,以及习惯用语中的介词。应对应对策略策略如果句子中不缺少主语或表语,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词或代词如果句子中不缺少主语或表语,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词或代词前一定是填介词。其次,还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。前一定是填介词。其次,还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。二、代词、冠词和介词在短文改错中的考查二、代词、冠词和介词在短文改错中的考查1.高考短文改错中,对于代词的考查常会涉及人称不一致、代词混用或漏高考短文改错中,对于代词的考查常会涉及人称不一致、代词混用或漏掉代词等方面的错误掉代词等方面的错误。应对策略应对策略对于代词的考查,要注意以下几点:对
48、于代词的考查,要注意以下几点:(1)顺藤摸瓜,理清短文中代词的指代关系,注意联系上下文,还要注意人顺藤摸瓜,理清短文中代词的指代关系,注意联系上下文,还要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致等;称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致等;(2)注意人称代词格的误用,以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用;注意人称代词格的误用,以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用;(3)系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法;的各种用法;(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。2.短文改错中对于冠词的考查常涉及漏掉冠词、冠词错用与冠词多余短文改错中对于冠词的考查常涉及漏掉冠词、冠词错用与
49、冠词多余这三种情况。这三种情况。应对策略应对策略判定冠词的方法:判定冠词的方法:(1)根据泛指和特指。若泛指根据泛指和特指。若泛指“一个一个”,再根据单词的第一个音素来判,再根据单词的第一个音素来判定用定用a还是还是an;若特指,用;若特指,用the。(2)根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。3.短文改错中对于介词的考查常会涉及介词误用、漏掉介词或介词多余短文改错中对于介词的考查常会涉及介词误用、漏掉介词或介词多余的情况。的情况。应对策略应对策略(1)如果句子中不缺少主语或表语,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词或如果句子中不缺少主语或表语
50、,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词或代词前一定是缺少介词。代词前一定是缺少介词。(2)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。(3)不该用介词的短语中用了介词,如不该用介词的短语中用了介词,如 next year常写成常写成in next year。(4)某些及物动词短语中介词缺失,如某些及物动词短语中介词缺失,如look(at),listen(to),take care(of)等等。(5)有些及物动词多加了介词,如有些及物动词多加了介词,如 enter the room常写成常写成enter into the room,return my book常写成常写成return b