1、泌尿系脓毒症的诊疗和治疗泌尿系脓毒症的诊疗和治疗2023-4-302 2病例介绍女,87岁,2015-10-3因“右股骨粗隆间骨折”急诊入骨科,肝肾功能(-),拟限期行右股骨内固定手术,无糖尿病史10-9日上午,突发寒颤、高热39,意识模糊,RR 30bpm,HR 145bpm,Af律,BP 90/50mmHg,Lac 7mmol/L,肺部听诊(-),导尿为“脓尿”,ICU会诊2023-4-303 3辅助检查2023-4-304 4脓毒症流行病学Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:919242023-4-305 5Subjects of UrosepsisCountryPopu
2、lationUrosepsisUKPCNLAntibiotic:13.5%No antibiltic:33%IndiaPCNLAntibiotic:19%No antibiltic:49%TaiwanCommunity UTIESBL:41.7%Not ESBL:4.4%TaiwanESBL urosepsisCommunity:0Health-care:19.5%Hospital:14.4%KoreaComplicated pyelonehritisCommunity:19.2%Hospital:46%IsraelWomen,Complicated pyelonephritis13.3%Ni
3、colle,Crit Care Clin 29(2013)6997152023-4-306 6尿源性脓毒血症危险因素患者状况:糖尿病、低龄、女性和截瘫尿路解剖异常:神经源性膀胱及尿流改道结石特征:肾盂肾盏扩张和结石负荷过大术前:既往同侧PCNL史,肾盂肾盏梗阻扩张、肾造瘘管术中:肾盂尿培养阳性、结石培养阳性、多次肾穿刺和输血尿路感染诊断与治疗中国专家共识(2015版)Date of download:2/23/2016Copyright 2016 American Medical Association.All rights reserved.From:The Third Internatio
4、nal Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock(Sepsis-3)JAMA.2016;315(8):801-810.doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287Date of download:2/23/2016Copyright 2016 American Medical Association.All rights reserved.From:The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock(Sepsis-3)JAMA.201
5、6;315(8):801-810.doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287Sepsis 3.0脓毒症定义为针对感染的宿主反应异常引起的致命性器官功能障碍器官功能障碍定义为急性器官功能障碍,由急性感染引起的SOFA总分增加2分床边qSOFA评分,即意识改变、SBP100mmHg、RR22次/分能迅速鉴别那些需要入住ICU或住院期间可能死亡的患者感染性休克的诊断为明确的全身性感染并伴有持续性低血压,即使给予了充分的容量复苏,仍需血管活性药物维持MAP65mmHg且Lac2 mmol/L2023-4-301010Pathophysiology of Urosepsis:Dtsch Arz
6、tebl Int 2015;112:8372023-4-301111PCT refects bacteremia and bacterial load in urosepsisvan Nieuwkoop et al.Critical Care 2010,14:R2062023-4-301212PCT as an early diagnostic and monitoring tool in urosepsis following PCNLZheng J,Urolithiasis(2015)43:4147PCT 0.30ng/mlPCT 0.30ng/mlSensitivity 90.3%Sen
7、sitivity 90.3%Specificity 94.3%Specificity 94.3%2023-4-301313初始诊断和处理u EGDT方案 复苏目标:(1)中心静脉压812 mmHg (2)平均动脉压(MAP)65 mmHg (3)尿量0.5 mLkg-1h-1 (4)上腔静脉血氧饱和度或混合静脉血 氧饱和度0.70 或0.65u 控制感染源:根据感染部位给予经验性抗生素2023-4-301414Pathogen spectrum in urospesisTandogdu,World J Urol 2015,122023-4-301515ICU内尿路感染病原菌构成比汪海源,中华泌
8、尿外科杂志,2015(36):3802023-4-301616Bacteremic UTI in Korean elderly ptsChin,Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 52(2011)e50e552023-4-301717院内获得性urosepsis病原菌构成比Johansen,International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 28S(2006)S91S1072023-4-301818UTI in DM vs.non-DM females(DM)(DM)(non-DM)(non-DM)Garg,Jo
9、urnal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.2015,9(6):122023-4-3019192023-4-302020Resistance profile of antibiotics-GPIU 2015AntibioticsEurope(%)Asia(%)Africa(%)Americas(%)EuroAsiaAfricaAmericasAmx/BLI58709275CAZ+CIP38563367TZP34405067CAZ+GEN30522567TMP/SMZ56508663CAZ+TMP/SMZ30502567CIP59614722TZP+CIP
10、33325067LVX59575067TZP+GEN20265067CXM57567167TZP+TMP/SMZ20365067CTX52423156CIP+GEN31444425CAZ42713356CIP+TMP/SMZ37425025IPM813002023-4-302121Antimicrobial sensitivity in Korean elderly pts头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氨曲南在老年患者中具有显著差别!2023-4-302222Urosepsis经验治疗方案AntimicrobialDoseComment阿米卡星氨苄西林15mg/Kg q24h氨苄西林覆盖肠球菌头
11、孢曲松头孢噻肟2g q12h2g q6-8h未覆盖肠球菌头孢他啶1-2g q8h未覆盖肠球菌;覆盖绿脓杆菌氧哌嗪青霉素/他唑巴坦3.35g q6h肠球菌和绿脓均覆盖左氧氟沙星环丙沙星750mg q24h400mg bid有增加耐药趋势亚胺培南美罗培南Doripenem500mg q6h500mg q6h/1g q8h500mg q6h覆盖ESBL和绿脓杆菌厄他培南1g q24h覆盖ESBL,无绿脓覆盖氨曲南1g q12h覆盖肠杆菌科和绿脓杆菌万古霉素1g q12h敏感阳性菌Nicolle,Crit Care Clin 29(2013)6997152023-4-302323细菌培养结果2023-
12、4-302424病例总结帕尼培南可乐必妥ICU stay血/尿:大肠埃希菌2023-4-302525尿路真菌感染首选氟康唑或两性霉素B,肾脏排泄好,尿中浓度高不建议选择其他唑类:伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑;棘白菌素类:卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、阿尼芬净;两性霉素B脂质体等,以上抗真菌药不经肾脏系统排泄,尿中浓度低5-氟胞嘧啶亦可选择,警惕血液系统毒性,同时在肾功能不全时注意剂量有效性和安全性2023-4-302626Tigercycline as rescue treatment for MDR KP/AB urosepsisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY,May
13、 2009,p.1613JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY,Feb.2008,p.8178202023-4-302727抗生素治疗时间复杂性尿路感染 10-14天欧洲泌尿协会建议症状缓解后3-5天停药感染性肾囊肿 4-6周肾脓肿直至脓肿清除免疫缺陷患者需延长时间,具体不清2023-4-302828抗菌药物选择策略品种选择 根据感染部位、发病场所、既往用药史、耐药监测数 据等,给予经验性治疗 根据药代学特点,感染部位等选择二.给药剂量 上尿路,治疗剂量高限 下尿路,治疗剂量低限三.给药途径 上尿路,初始给予静脉 下尿路,口服四.给药次数 时间依赖性:一日多次:-内酰胺类和碳青霉烯类 浓度依赖性:一次一次:喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类尿路感染诊断与治疗中国专家共识(2015版)2023-4-302929外科手术指征解除梗阻引流脓尿或脓肿开腹手术指征:脓肿大于5cm产气肾盂肾炎真菌球其他手段:导尿管引流输尿管支架经皮穿刺置管2023-4-303030尿源性脓毒症诊治流程6hrs 1hrs6hrs 1hrs2023-4-303131Thanks for your attention!