1、英语动词的分类表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。e.g.The boy runs fast.The boy is a student.定 义下面哪些词不是动词？raise they write the be become remains shall myself will done can must burning second wonderful care for nothing until dreamed 目 录01动词的基本形式系动词行为动词助动词0203040506情态动词重点动词及词组 第一部分动词的基本形式PART 0101 1.一般情况下，直接在动词词尾+s 如getgets;take
2、takes（一）主语为第三人称单数的动词变化规则 2.以 sh,ch,o,s,x,结尾的动词，在词尾+es 如teach teaches;fixfixes;gogoes 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再+es 如study studies;trytries （a,e,i,o,u是元音字母，其他的21个都是辅音字母）4.特殊变化 have-has be-is do-does7takeExercise1.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式sitcarryfly/flies/carriesplaysscomesstudy/studiesswimssaydrinksbrusheswashes
3、readsteachsguesssnowslookplantwatchesfinishspasssesesseses8Exercise1.He _ teeth every morning.A.brush B.brushes C.brushing2._ he swim every afternoon?A.Do B.Does C.Doing3.My father _a new bike.A.have B.has C.having4.John _ like his father.A.look B.looks C.lookes9(二)动词的现在分词1.一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work-wor
4、king sleep-sleeping study-studying 2.动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e加ing take-taking make-making dance-dancing 3.以辅元辅结尾的，要双写末尾字母，再加ing cut-cutting put-putting begin-beginning stop-stopping swim-swimming shop-shopping sit-sitting get-getting(二)动词的现在分词4.以-ie结尾的动词变ie为y再加ing lie-lying tie-tying die-dying5.特殊 control-con
5、trolling travel-travel(l)ing picnic-picnicking12Exercise1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.is drawingare singingis cookingaredoingare having13Exercise6.They _(not,
6、water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,she is.arent wateringare dancingis listeningare havingIs washing(三)过去式和过去分词的构成方法1.一般情况下，直接在动词后加ed work-worked-wor
7、ked ask-asked-asked 2.动词以e结尾，直接加d like-liked-liked 3.以辅元辅结尾的，要双写末尾字母，再加ed stop-stopped-stopped prefer-preferred-preferred 4.以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再+ed carry-carried-carried5.特殊 control-controlled travel-travel(l)ed picnic-picnicked15Exercise1.Lee _ his mobile phone at home.A.leave B.leaves C.leaved D.
8、left2._ he _ a good rest?No,he didnt.A.Do,had B.Did,have C.Did,had D.Was,had3.As soon as he _,he _ to his family.A.arrived,writes B.arrived,written C.arrived,wrote D.arriveds,write16Exercise4.Mr.Black was late because he _ his way.A.losted B.lose C.loses D.lost5.When _ Jack _ school this morning?A.d
9、id,got to B.did,get to C.did,get D.did,got6.Will you please say it again?I _ quite _ you.A.didnt,hear B.dont,heard C.didnt,heard D.dont,hear17Exercise7.He went into the room and _ the door.A.lock B.locking C.locks D.locked8.What _ you _ last week?I bought a bag.A.did,buy B.did,bought C.do,buy D.do,b
10、ought9.It was raining hard when he _ home.A.got B.get C.gets D.was getting注意：掌握五种形式的变化规律I work in the factory.He works in the office.We are dancing together.I caught a cold last week.1)She has watered the flower.动词的五种形式自己填填看worksworkedworked workingwriteswrotewrittenwritinghashadhadhavingdoesdiddone
11、doing实义动词表示行为、动作或状态的词，具有实在的意义，又称 为 行 为 动 词。如：play,give,listen助动词帮助实义动词构成各种时态和句型的动词。如：do,does,did,will系动词用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词。如：be,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,become,get情态动词表示说话人情感和态度的词，后面接实义动词原形。如：can,may,must,need动词的 分类 第二部分 系动词PART 0202系动词 Link Verb 系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（通常为名词或形容词），构成系表结构
12、说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。e.g.I like music.I am interested in music.系动词They are students.He is ill.This kind of paper feels soft.This flower smells sweet.Keep quiet,pleaseHis advice proved right.Its getting dark.1）状态类系动词用来表示主语的性质或状态。意思“是”e.g.He is a teacher.He is ill.be动词口诀：我用 am，你用are is连着他她它 单数不可数记得用 is,复数
13、后面are,are,are。is他是一个男生。He is a boy.她是一个女生。She is a girl.它是一只小狗。It is a dog.The pencil is long.这只笔是长的。（某物）Kitty is thin.Kitty是痩的。（某人）The milk is white.牛奶是白色的。(不可数）areYou are a boy.You are friends.They are monkeys.My eyes are big.We are friends.用动词am,is,are填空(请注意大小写)1.Where _ Ann?She _ here.2.How old
14、_ you?I _ thirteen.3._ you Mr Read?Yes,I _.4.What _ your name?My name _ Fang Fang.5.What grade _ you in?I _ in Grade Two.isareamisAreisamisareamExercise1.They late.A.am B.is C.are2.You a student.A.am B.is C.are3.The cloud white.A.am B.is C.are4.I a student.You a teacher.A.am is B.am are C.is are5.We
15、 friends.A.am B.is C.are6.He my father.She my mother.They both doctors.A.is is are B.am is are C.is is ambe动词的否定句1.He is a teacher.He is not a teacher.2.They are twins.They are not twins.be动词后加notbe动词的缩写I am=Im You are=YoureHe is=Hes She is=We are=It is=They are=ShesWereItsTheyre否定形式的缩写：is not=isnt
16、are not=arent am not没有缩写形式！有Be动词的陈述句改为一般疑问句的基本步骤(1)He is Jack.She is Mary.找出be动词 将be动词放到最前面 首字母大写,原来的首字母改掉,其他照抄 句号改成问号is She Mary.Is she Mary.Is she Mary?Is he Jack?有Be动词的陈述句改为一般疑问句的基本步骤(2)I am Lucy.I am Mary.找出找出be动词动词 将将be动词放到最前面动词放到最前面 主语是第一人称I改为第二人称you,对应am改成are(my改成your)句号改成问号句号改成问号Am I Mary.Ar
17、e you Mary.Are you Mary?Are you Lucy?一般疑问句（Simple Quesiton）It is a fish.They are fish.This is your book.I am a student.My son is a teacher.This is a car.陈述句 一般疑问句Is it a fish?Are they fish?Is this your book?Are you a sthdent?Is your son a teacher?Is this a car?She _ from Canada.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_is
18、 缩写形式：No,she is not.Yes,she is.No,she isnt.Is she from Canada?2）感官系动词用来表示人体感官功能的动词，look，feel，sound，seem，taste，smell，这类动词加上形容词，表示人或事物的特征、性质或状态。e.g.She looks beautiful.This flower smells sweet.3）不及物动词转化，继续保持或处于原来的状态keep，remain，stay，stande.g.The weather remains cold.Keep quiet,please 天气依然很冷。4）变化类系动词loo
19、k,grow，get,fall,go,become,turne.g.His face turned red.The meat goes bad.5）主语终止动作证明是”prove，turn oute.g.The weather turned out to be fine.Exercise1.Peters mother _an engineer.2.The weather _colder and colder.3.The dish _ good.4.The story _interesting.5.The dish of yours _delicious.6.He _to be very sad
20、.7.This kind of cloth _very soft.8.She _rich within a short time.isturnssoundstastesseemsfeelsgrewsmellsExercise1.The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A.turned B.goes C.became D.went2.His voice_ as if he has a cold.A.sounds B.listens C.hears D.seems3.When I went home yesterday,it was _ dark.A.go
21、ing B.getting C.running D.coming4.You_ very pale.Do you feel sick?A.looked B.look C.looking D.are looked 第三部分 实义动词PART 0303什么是及物动词和不及物动词?实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把实义动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。1.不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整后面不需跟宾语的实义动词，用vi表示。如：My watch stopped.2.及物动词(transitive verb)后面必
22、须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，用vt表示。如：We planted many trees around our school.1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语 My watch stopped.It happened in June，1932.She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.I used to live in the countryside.The foreigners arrived（at our school this morning）.You must wait(for your turn).不及物动词只能用于“主谓”结构,但是可以加
23、任意状语。或者理解成：后面需要宾语时，必须加上相应的介词，如to,of,at，on,for 等。常见的不及物动词go,give，fail，happen,lie,rise,agree,look,succeed,die,rain,come,occur,sit,walk,run,sleep,listen,remain,belong,fall,exist,arrive,sail,hurry.主语+谓语（vi)+介词+宾语 I listened,but could hear nothing.Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.不及物
24、动词没有被动语态 The palace caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building_now.A.remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been remained表示主语本身的性质sell,wash,write，cut,open，lock，cook,shut1)The cloth washes well.2)The pen writes smoothly.3)The door locks tightly.常与_连用。well,badl
25、y,easily,smoothly2.及物动词后面必须跟宾语 A girl opened the door.He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.*及物动词常用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。常见的及物动词tell，make,take,hand，buy,like,raise,seat,say,find,have，show,see,give,ask，offer,prevent,regard,teach
26、，promise,forget,receive,catch,dress,found,invent,marry,observe,supply,select,suppose,serve,.后面只能接动词不定式后面只能接动词不定式(to do-)作宾语的及物动词作宾语的及物动词记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide,learn,want,hope/expect/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,help后面只能接动名词做宾语后面只能接动名词做宾语(v-
27、ing)的动词的动词记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuseadmit,delay/put off,avoid,miss/keep,practisedeny,finish,enjoy,forbid,imagine,risk,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape1.Lily finished _ the book yesterday.A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads2.Wh
28、at are you busy _ these days?Nothing much.A.do B.doing C.to do D.done3.Do you want to eat something?_,thanks.I am feeling sick now.I dont feel like _.A.Yes;eating something B.No;to eat anythingC.Yes;to eat anything D.No;eating anything4.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.A.failed
29、B.failing C.tried D.tryingExercise后面既能接动名词，又可接动词不定式的动词有：1.begin,start(开始)，like,love,perfer(喜爱),hate(憎恨)，continue(继续)可以接动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语。+to do+doing表示具体的动作表示具体的动作表示习惯行为表示习惯行为I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。I like to go swimming.我现在想去游泳。2.stop(停止)，forget(忘记)，remember(记得)，try(试)，go on(继续)等动词接不定式和-ing形式意义有区别。试比较：
30、stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止(正在正在)做某事go on to do sth.接着做另一件事另一件事(已做完一件)go on doing sth.继续做(原来未做完的原来未做完的)某件事）forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做)remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还未做)remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事其他：try to do sth.尽力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 mea
31、n doing sth.意味着某事 cant help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing 忍不住做某事 If you dont feel well,you may just _A.stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read1.My mother often asks me _early.A.get up B.got up C.getting up D.to get up2.Yesterday afternoon Mrs Green told the boys _ footbal
32、l in the classroom.A.didnt play B.to not play C.not play D.not to play3.I hear someone _ at the door.Please go and see who _is.A.knock;it B.knocking;it C.knocking;he D.knock;heExercise58Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Beijing?They left
33、 last week.Shes studying medicine.She studies hard.Shes typing a letter.Shes typing.Dont move my things.The train is moving now.意义相同有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。59She couldnt stand the cold.Dont stand in the rain.Wash your hands before meals.Does this cloth wash well.意义不同有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。第四部分 助动词PART 04
34、04助动词beWe are working hard in the garden.Look,some girls are singing in the classroom.do/does/did/doneHe doesnt like to have hamburgers.Did you live in Shanghai?has/hadShe has been to Beijing three times.will/shallI will call you this evening.What shall we do next week?助动词 Auxiliary Verb 助动词，它本身无词义，
35、不能单独使用，作用是协助主要动词构成谓语动词。e.g.Mary doesnt like music.(doesnt是助动词，无词义 like是主要动词，有词义)We are having an English class.I have seen the film.He didnt go home last night.We will fly for Africa next month.帮助主要动词have构成现在进行时帮助主要动词see构成现在完成时帮助主要动词go构成一般过去时帮助主要动词fly构成一般将来时He was sent to England.I would fly to Cana
36、da if I were a bird.Had I lived in London,I would have been to London Bridge.帮助主要动词send构成被动语态帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气1.助动词be的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态 They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important.2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态。The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout th
37、e world.世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。表示最近、未来的计划或安排。He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。1.助动词be的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态 They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important.2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态。The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。Engl
38、ish is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。表示最近、未来的计划或安排。He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。1.助动词be的用法b.表示命令 You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见征求意见 How am I to an
39、swer him?我该怎样答复他？Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？d.表示相约、商定表示相约、商定 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。1.What are you doing?Im_ an interesting book.A.looking B.seeing C.reading 2.Dont talk here.My grandmother _.A.is sleeping B.are sleeping C.sleeping D.sleep3.Listen!T
40、he birds _ in the tree.A.sing B.singing C.is singing D.are singing4.Tea_in the south of China.A.grows B.is grown C.were grown D.will grow5.The bridges _two years ago.A.is built B.built C.were built D.was builtExercise2.助动词have的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进
41、行时 I have been studying English for ten years.3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。English has been taught in China for many years.1.Our country_ so far.-Yes,I hope it will be even_.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;better2.Harry Potter is a very nice film,I _it twice.A.will see
42、 B.have seen C.saw D.see3._you_your homework yet?-Yes,I _it a moment ago.A.did;do;finished B.have;done;finished C.have;done;have finished D.will;do;finishExercise3.助动词do的用法1）构成一般疑问句。Do you want to pass the CET?2）do+not 构成否定句。He doesnt like to study.如果句子中没有be动词、情态动词，则需要借助助动词do,does或did，将它们放在句首，并将句中实义
43、动词变为原形，若主语为第一人称I，则改为第二人称you，my改成your!注意：do,does,did后面必须使用动词原形。各种句式1.My parents/I usually take a walk after dinner.Do your parents/you usually take a walk after dinner?-Yes,they/I do./No they/I dont2.Jack usually takes a walk after dinner.-Yes,he does./No he doesntDoes Jack usually take a walk after
44、dinner?3.Mike went to school by bus last week.Did Mike go to school by bus last week?Yes,he did./No,he didnt.4.They go to school by bus on weekdaysThey dont go to school by bus on weekdays.一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句陈述句回答回答回答陈述句陈述句陈述句否定句1.Tom and I _ speak Chinese.A.do B.dont C.does D.doesnt2.Lucy doesnt_yellow
45、.A.like B.likes C.has liked D.liked3.What_they_on Sundays？A.does；does B.do;do C.does;do D.do;does4.Do you like red?-_ A.Yes,i dont B.Yes,i do C.No,i do D.No,i doesntExercise3.助动词do的用法3）构成否定祈使句。Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉 说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Do come to my birthday party
46、.I did go there.我确实去那儿了。5）用于倒装句。Never did I hear of such a thing.4.助动词shall和will的用法shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。1.Shall在问句中,用于一，三人称，征求对方意见好吗?要不要？Shall I help you carry that box?Shall we go out for a meal tonight?2.will 主要构成将来时。He will go to Shanghai.3.should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。I
47、 telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.4.would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。He said he would come.1.-_he come in or wait outside?-Let him in,please.A.Shall B.Will C.Does D.Has2.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do3.The students_if it
48、doesnt rain tomorrow.A.will plant trees B.plant trees C.would plant trees D.plants treesExercise 第五部分情态动词PART 0505情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态，如请求、命令、愿望、能力以及可能性等。英语的情态动词有：can/could may/might must能够可能必须shall/should will/would应该意愿敢needhave to需要不得不can1.表示能力时，意为“能、会”can指现在，could指过去。2.表示请求或许可时，意为“可以“could 代替代替 can 使语
49、气更委婉使语气更委婉。3.表示猜测时，意为“可能”。往往用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时，can比could的可能性大，用于否定句时cannot 表示“不可能”cant be 一定不是。Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldnt last year.Can/Could I use your dictionary?Where can she go now?It cant be my teacher.He is in his office now.一学就会can4.cant/couldnt have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为
50、“过去不可能做过某事”5.can/could have done表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。could have done还可以表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做”Mary cant have written a report like this.She cant have gone to school,it is Sunday.Its a pity.Your class could have got the first prize.Where can Mary have gone?一学就会1.Mike _ be a policeman,for h
