1、The shoes are too big for me.What did he say?He said the shoes were too big for him.Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect Speech基本概念基本概念直接引述直接引述别人的原话。别人的原话。通常都用通常都用引号引号“”“”括起括起来。来。用自己的话用自己的话转述转述别人别人的话。间接引语在多的话。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个数情况下都构成一个宾语从句宾语从句。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语5.注意地点的变化注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变
2、化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher s
3、aid that the sun is bigger than the earth.特殊特殊:直接引语若是客观真理直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接变为间接引语时引语时,时态不变时态不变.2、时态的变化、时态的变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this,that,these those now,then,today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four
4、days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come,go,bring take、其他特殊变化3I am good at dancing.I visited the Great Wall yesterday.She said she had visited the Great Wall the day before.She said she was good at dancing.结论一结论一直接引语是陈述句直接引语是
5、陈述句,变为间接引变为间接引语时用连词语时用连词that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句.从句中的从句中的人称人称,时态时态,指示代词指示代词,时间状语时间状语,地点状语地点状语等相应变化等相应变化.Do you like flowers?She asked me whether/if I liked flowers?Where are you going for your holiday?She asked me where I were going for my holiday.He ordered/told me to be quiet!Be quiet!He ordered/told me n
6、ot to make noise.Dont make noise!Follow me,please!He asked me to follow him.结论二结论二直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从要从疑问语序疑问语序变为变为陈述语序陈述语序。直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,用连词用连词if或或whether连接。连接。直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,仍用仍用原来的疑问词原来的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。结论三结论三直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把直接引语是祈使句，变成间接
7、引语，把动词原形动词原形变成变成动词不定式动词不定式，否定句否定句，在，在动词不定式前加动词不定式前加not或或never.并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等动词。等动词。口诀口诀说明说明直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语1、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变
8、间引后人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语和间接引语正误例析直接引语和间接引语正误例析 1.“Where does you
9、r chemistry teacher live,Karen?”the young man asked.The young man asked Karen where did her chemistry teacher live.The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived 简析简析:一般说来一般说来,直接引语是疑问句直接引语是疑问句,将其变为间接引语将其变为间接引语时时,原来的疑问语序要改为陈述语序。原来的疑问语序要改为陈述语序。2.“I have gained the first place in the mathe
10、matics competition,”the little boy said happily.The little boy said happily that he has gained the first place in the mathematics competition.The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.简析简析:直接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句的谓语动词若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词
11、一般要用相应的某种过从句的谓语动词一般要用相应的某种过去时态去时态,所以本句中的现在完成时应改为过去完成时。所以本句中的现在完成时应改为过去完成时。3.“Light travels faster than sound,”the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light traveled faster than sound.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travel
12、s faster than sound.简析简析:直接引语为客观真理、格言时直接引语为客观真理、格言时,变为间接引语变为间接引语,时时态无需改变。态无需改变。4.“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?”Mary asked me.Mary asked me that I would go to the concert with her that evening.Mary asked me if/whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.简析简析:直接引语如果是一般疑
13、问句直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,要用连词要用连词whether或或if引导引导,而不用而不用that。5.“What did you do here yesterday?”the old man asked my brother.The old man asked my brother what he had done here yesterday.The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.简析简析:直接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、指示代词、
14、时间状语、地点状语地点状语一般也要作相应改变一般也要作相应改变,如如 Exercises1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would s
15、ee me the next week.4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.6.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.His friends asked
16、him,“Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.1.The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary.”The teacher told _.A.Mary not to be late B.Mary to be not late C.Mary are not late D.not to be late2.He asked her，“Where are you going?”He asked her _.A.where she were going B.where she wa
17、s going to C.where she was going D.where she is going巩固提高巩固提高3.The lady said，“I shall go there on time.”The lady said that _.A.she would come there on time B.she would go there on time C.she would got here on time D.he would got here on time4.He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday.”He told me
18、 he had written to his father _.A.the yesterday B.before today C.the day before D.the next day5.The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus?”The teacher asked _ for the bus.A.if I was waiting B.was I waiting C.you are waiting D.I was waiting6.The professor said that light _ faster than sound.A.travels B.traveled C.travel D.traveled7.My mother asked me to show my homework to her.My mother said to me，“Show _ homework.”A.her my B.me your C.her your D.me his
