1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语-何光碧1 直接引语直接引语 概念：当我们直接引用别人的话时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。例如：The teacher asked,“Do you like English?”He said,“I like English very much.”2 间接引语间接引语概念：当我们要引用别人的话时，可以用自己的话把意思表达出来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。例如The teacher asked the boy if she liked English?He said that he liked English very much.Direct sp
2、eechHe said,“I like it very much.”indirect speechHe said that he liked it very much.1 直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语Direct speech He said,“I like it very much.”She said,“I passed this exam.”Indirect speechShe said that she had passed that exam.indirect speechHe said that he liked it very much.Direct speech二直接引语
3、变间接引语的规则二直接引语变间接引语的规则 1 人称变化的三原则 1）Mary said,I want to have a computer of my own.”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.(1)“第一人称随主原则：如果从句中的主语第一人称随主原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或是被第一人称修饰，从句要按是第一人称或是被第一人称修饰，从句要按照主句中的人称变化。照主句中的人称变化。2）He said to Kate,how is your sister?”He said to Kate how her sist
4、er was.(2)“第二人称随宾第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的宾语一致。宾语一致。3)Mr.smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”Mr.smith said Jack was a good worker.（3）“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”原则：如果原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或是第从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或是第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不变化。三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不变化。2时态的变化直接引语
5、直接引语间接引语间接引语句子时句子时态态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,she said.she said she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said,“i m using a knife.
6、”the boy said that he was using a knife.Kitty said,”I have not heard from Mary since May.”Kitty said that he had not heard from Mary since May.注意：直接引语变成间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：（1）直接引语时客观真理，谚语和格言时；（2）直接引语中有具体的过去的某年，某月，某日做状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；Tom said to me yesterday,“Light travels faster than the sound.”Tom told
7、 me yesterday that Light travels faster than the sound.3指示代词，时间状语及方向性动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakecomegonowThen那时时间状语todayThat dayThis morningThat morningtonightThat nighttomorrowThe next/following dayyesterdayThe day beforeLast nightThe night beforeThe day before ye
8、sterdayTwo days beforeNext weekThe next/following weekAgo（至今）以前Before(那时）以前The lawyer said,I will come this morning.”The lawyer said that he would go that morning.Bob said,“I will go there tomorrow.”Bob said that he would go there the next day.He said,“these books are mine.”He said that those books
9、were his.4.连接词的选选择（1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变为由that引导的宾语从句,that可省略。John said,“I cant finish the job this afternoon.”John told me（that）he couldnt finish the job that afternoon.（2）直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或者反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(or或or not)或if引导。Mother said to her daughter,“are you satisfied with your new room?”Mothe
10、r said to her daughter whether she was satisfied with her new room.(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句当中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的规则来进行。“what do you want?he asked me.he asked me what I want.注意（1）直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词为said to sb,常改为told sb.(2)直接引语为疑问句，主句中的谓语动词said，变为间接引语时，将其改为asked.(3)直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时，要把疑问语气变为陈述语序。“what do you want?”he said to me.he asked me what I want.
