1、 中考中考英语专题复习英语专题复习 选择型选择型阅读理解阅读理解 Selective Reading Comprehension Learning aims(目标目标)123To learn the four types of questions in reading comprehension.To learn the strategies and skills to do reading comprehension.To get more confidence in reading comprehension.About Reading Comprehension 2019年青岛市中考英语
2、试卷的题型和分值数据分析年青岛市中考英语试卷的题型和分值数据分析051015202530354045人单完阅词书分值分值分值阅读阅读得阅读者得天下！得阅读者得天下！1.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 5?2.Whats the meaning of the word,bad-tempered?3.According to the passage,why was he an American hero?4.Where did Steve Jobs set up the Apple computer company?5.It can be inferred fro
3、m the passage that?7.Which of the following is true/not true?6.Whats the meaning of the underlined word?8.Which is the right order of what happened in the story?1.According to the passage,we can know_.2.The main idea of the passage is to_.3.The underlined word probably means_.4.The best title should
4、 be_.A quick-answer game(A quick-answer game(抢答题抢答题)Name the type（题型）（题型）推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding out main ideas 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meaningsBoys PK GirlsName the typeWhats the meaning of the underlined word?The underlined word probably means_
5、.Which is the right order of what happened in the story?According to the passage,we can know_.The main idea of the passage is to_.The best title should be_.Which of the following is true/not true?It can be inferred from the passage that_.Name the typeBoys PKBoys PK GirlsGirls 推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a
6、conclusion细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding out main ideas 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 关注关注因此寻找文章的主题句关注高频词汇（因此寻找文章的主题句关注高频词汇（repeating wordsrepeating words）是解答标题归纳）是解答标题归纳题的最有效的方法。题的最有效的方法。ExampleSkimming:Read the whole passage quickly to find key words or topic sentences.1 1 主旨大意题主旨
7、大意题 Main ideaMain idea Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen.Before we have been at school,our name is written on the name list with a pen.We cannot be married till we have signed.A pen records the important events in our life.Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful ins
8、trument which man owns.The pen is a magic tool.What is the best title for this passage?A.Powerful Tool B.An Important LawC.A Valuable Record D.An Exciting EventReading strategy(阅读策略阅读策略)：SkimmingSkills1 1 主旨大意题主旨大意题 Main ideaMain idea大部分文章的段落重点或中心都集中在大部分文章的段落重点或中心都集中在首末句首末句上上。skim有有掠过掠过的意思，转意为的意思，转意
9、为“快速掠过，从中提取精华快速掠过，从中提取精华”。用于阅。用于阅读，或译为读，或译为略读略读。迅速浏览全文；跳过迅速浏览全文；跳过细节，抓住文章大概对文章的细节，抓住文章大概对文章的首段和末首段和末段段要多加注意，以便发现作者的观点要多加注意，以便发现作者的观点.1 1 主旨大意题主旨大意题 Main ideasMain ideasTipTip：此类题型主要考查我们对文章的主题思想，标题或者作者目的的此类题型主要考查我们对文章的主题思想，标题或者作者目的的 理解能力，运用略读策略，寻找主题句是做好这类题的关键。理解能力，运用略读策略，寻找主题句是做好这类题的关键。常见题常见题型：型：1.Wh
10、ich is the best 1.Which is the best titletitle of the passage?of the passage?2.Whats the 2.Whats the main ideamain idea/subject of the passage?/subject of the passage?3.Whats the writers 3.Whats the writers purposepurpose of the passage?of the passage?4.This passage 4.This passage mainlymainly tells
11、 us_ tells us_5.5.What can we learn What can we learn from the passage?from the passage?People have different tastes in food.For example:Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others pref
12、er vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.段首段首(金字塔式）金字塔式）语 篇 结 构 为：点 出 主 题语 篇 结 构 为：点 出 主 题 围 绕 主 题围 绕 主 题 展开陈述、论证或说明。论说文，科技文献和展开陈述、论证或说明。论说文，科技
13、文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Lets try Lets try 1 1Whats the main idea of the passage?Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic(民主的民主的)discussion type of class.So no one teaching method（方法方法）can
14、 be designed to satisfy all students at the same time.段尾（倒金字塔式）段尾（倒金字塔式）详细论证，总结陈词。详细论证，总结陈词。语篇结构为：表述细节语篇结构为：表述细节概括主题。概括主题。（归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）（归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）Lets try Lets try 2 2What can we learn from the passage?Nothing is as useful as a flashlight（手电筒）（手电筒）on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inve
15、ntions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet（壁橱）（壁橱）is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper（露营者）（露营者）also needs one after the light of the campfire（营火）（营火）has been out.段中（哑铃式
16、）段中（哑铃式）引题过渡，导出主题。引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为语篇结构为:“引题引题主题思想主题思想解释解释”或或“提问提问-回答回答解释解释”。Lets try Lets try 3 3This passage mainly tells us_.How to find the main idea1 Sometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic sentence.2 Sometimes the last sentence is the topic sentence.3 Sometimes the topic sentence
17、is in the middle of a passage.4 Sometimes you have to find out the key sentences of each paragraph to sum up(总结总结)the main idea.5 Sometimes you cant find the topic sentence in the passage.You have to infer(推理推理)the main idea according to the writers ideas.skimming（略读）（略读）to find the topic sentenceBy
18、 language context(上下文语境）上下文语境）ExampleIt was just a month after my grandmother passed away.（去世）I spent my days doing useless work,hoping to hide my sorrow and pain.A.sadness B.kindness C.illness D.shyness阅读策略阅读策略:(Guessing)猜测猜测-分析上下文信息，得出结论。分析上下文信息，得出结论。2 2 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Word guessingWord guessingReadin
19、g stategy(阅读策略阅读策略 )：2 2 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Word guessingWord guessing词义猜测根据：上下文;构词法；逻辑关系；生活常识1.1.通过构词法猜测词义通过构词法猜测词义1)派生法：加前缀或后缀 如in+correct=incorrect 2)合成法：如green+house=greenhouse3)3)拼缀法：如smoke+fog=smog(烟雾烟雾)4)4)转化法：如show（n.n.展示）show（V.V.表演）5)5)缩略法：如advertisement-ad.;laboratory-lab.2.2.分析生词所在的句子、段落的上下文，运用自
20、己所掌分析生词所在的句子、段落的上下文，运用自己所掌握的语法构词法以及对其背景的了解，决定生词在特定握的语法构词法以及对其背景的了解，决定生词在特定句子、段落中的内在涵义。句子、段落中的内在涵义。GuessingSkillsTipTip：此类题型要求我们能运用构词法知识，逻辑关系，此类题型要求我们能运用构词法知识，逻辑关系，释义，上下文语境，经验常识等方式来猜测词义。释义，上下文语境，经验常识等方式来猜测词义。2 2 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Word guessingWord guessing常见题型：常见题型：1.The word”_”in the passage probably means
21、_.2.The underlined word“it”refers to（指的是）_.3.What does the underlined word”_”mean in Chinese?4.The underlined word has the same meaning as_.In this book,she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides(杀虫剂杀虫剂)like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as w
22、ell.A.增加增加 B.减少减少 C.维持维持 D.翻番翻番表示因果关系的关联词表示因果关系的关联词：because,as,since,for,so,as a result根据关联词来猜测根据关联词来猜测Lets try 4Lets try 5 When Sam heard the news,he was happy and delighted.A.悲伤的悲伤的 B.无聊的无聊的 C.郁闷的郁闷的 D.开心的开心的 根据关联词来猜测根据关联词来猜测通过近义词进行猜测通过近义词进行猜测(表示同义关系的关联词：表示同义关系的关联词：and,or,also,like,just as)He is s
23、o homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.Lets try 6根据关联词来猜测根据关联词来猜测通过反义词进行猜测（表示反义关系的关联词：通过反义词进行猜测（表示反义关系的关联词：not,while,however,but,though,although,yet,instead of）A.A.居家的居家的 B.B.平凡的，不好看的平凡的，不好看的 C.C.想家的想家的 The colors of Hawaii in The colors of Hawaii in summer are summer are unforgettableunforg
24、ettable.A.A.健忘的健忘的 B.B.忘记的忘记的 C.C.难忘的难忘的根据词根，词缀（根据词根，词缀（im-,in-,un-；-less,-ness等）猜测派生词的词义等）猜测派生词的词义Lets try 7By using the word formation(构词法构词法)After a long drive to Los Angeles,we found a motel,a place for travelers and their cars,with a really good price.So we decided to stay for a week.A.豪华餐厅豪华餐厅
25、 B.私人别墅私人别墅 C.汽车旅馆汽车旅馆 D.路边商店路边商店总结：这是通过总结：这是通过_猜词猜词释义释义/定义定义Lets try 8这种释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。As we all know,Chinese people like to put the food on your plate to show their hospitality.But foreigners dont do it.They think to help yourself is the best way.A.富裕富裕 B.好客好客
26、 C.礼貌礼貌 D.喜好喜好根据常识和生活经验猜词根据常识和生活经验猜词By using the common sense and life experience Lets try Lets try 9 9 In the Far East in ancient Greece,the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.A.A.皇室的皇室的 B.B.富裕的富裕的C.C.中产的中产的 D.D.平民的平民的总结：这是通过举
27、例猜词总结：这是通过举例猜词常用的有：常用的有：such as;for exampleLets try 10 All his attempts(All his attempts(企图）企图）to unlockto unlock（打开）（打开）the door the door was was futile,futile,because he was because he was using the wrong key.using the wrong key.A.A.徒劳的徒劳的 B.B.正确的正确的 C.C.困惑的困惑的通过逻辑关系猜测通过逻辑关系猜测Lets try 11词义猜测题的解题技巧
28、词义猜测题的解题技巧:7 7大必杀技大必杀技1.定义或释义猜词法：利用表达该词定义或释义的句子2.同义词反义词猜词法：利用上下文提供的近义词，同义词或反义词3.举例猜词法：根据上下文举例说明进行猜测4.构词猜词法：根据积累的构词法、合成词等知识猜词义5.生活常识猜词法：根据生活常识6.上下文语境猜词法：根据上下文语境，因果关系等进行猜测7.代入法：将备选答案逐一带入文中，符合上下文逻辑关系的，则为正确答案。The doctor gave my sister some medicine,but it did nothing to her.()From this sentence know_.A.
29、my sister didnt like this medicine B.my sister took the medicine C.the medicine made my sister sick D.my sister got better now (根据后半句的but it did nothing to her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。)Example3 3 推理判断题推理判断题 Reading inferenceSkills:1.含含infer,suggest,conclude等字等字眼的题目就是推断题。眼的题目就是推断题。2.2.推理判断注重原文作者观点，推理判断注重原文作者观点，总
30、结为十二个字：总结为十二个字：立足主旨，立足主旨，忠于原文，忠于原文，判断推理判断推理！Reading strategy(阅读策略阅读策略)：3 3 推理判断题推理判断题 Reading inferenceInference 推断推断Task1Task13 3 推理判断题推理判断题 Reading inferenceReading inferenceTipTip：这类题型要求我们透过表面的文字信息，经过分析，这类题型要求我们透过表面的文字信息，经过分析，归纳和推理，挖掘出文章的隐蔽信息和潜在含义。归纳和推理，挖掘出文章的隐蔽信息和潜在含义。常见题型：常见题型：1.We can infer(推理
31、推理)from the text that_2.This passage is taken from_3.According to the passage,we can know_4.The writer suggests that_ Dangtu is located in the north humid subtropical climate zone with four clearly defined seasons and temperate climate.Its annual average temperature is 14.9C.The coldest month is Jan
32、uary,with an average temperature of l.8C.The hottest month is July,with an average temperature of 27.6C.For many years,the average yearly rainfall has stayed at about l,030 mm,mostly from May to September.The rainy season,known as Plum Rain Season,usually lasts from mid-June to mid-July,accounting f
33、or about 25%of whole years rainfall.It can be inferred from the passage that?A.There are only 2 seasons in Dangtu.B.January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 14.9C.There is the least rain in June.D.Plum Rain Season(梅雨季节梅雨季节)lasts about one month.Lets try Lets try 1212Tips:Tips:此类题目
34、需要理解作此类题目需要理解作者的意图和想法，推断文章者的意图和想法，推断文章的内容，对相关句进行合理的内容，对相关句进行合理概括或推断。概括或推断。How to summarize and infer?1.We must try to understand the whole passage first.2.We may infer something according to the facts,back ground and common sense.3.We have to notice the other meanings of the words.4.Our inferring mu
35、st go back to the article.Be honest.Thats all you have to do on Honesty Day.It would be great if we were all honest every day of the year.Its good that there is a day to encourage honesty.M.Hirsh Goldberg started Honesty Day.He chose the last day of April because the first day is April Fools Day,whi
36、ch celebrate lies.Which of the following is Honesty Day?A.April 1st B.April 10th C.April 20th D.April 30th Example4 4 细节理解题细节理解题 DetailsDetails找准找准题干关键词题干关键词，然后，然后带入原文定位寻找带入原文定位寻找答案。答案。迅速找出文章中的有关事实细节或某一迅速找出文章中的有关事实细节或某一具体信息具体信息,进行进行一一对照，比对一一对照，比对，找出不，找出不同或相同点。同或相同点。同时要注意同时要注意作者作者的观点的观点。Reading strat
37、egy Reading strategy(阅读策阅读策略略 ):):4 4 细节理解题细节理解题 DetailsDetailsScanningScanningSkills:TipTip：此类题型主要考查我们对文章细节的描写，具体事实的理此类题型主要考查我们对文章细节的描写，具体事实的理 解能力。快速定位信息，找到关键词是做好这类题的关键。解能力。快速定位信息，找到关键词是做好这类题的关键。1.What/Who/When/Where/Why/Which/How2.Which of the following isnt mentioned?3.Which of the following is T
38、rue/Not True?4 4 细节理解题细节理解题 DetailsDetails常见题型常见题型()According to the poster,the activities are a great chance to teach the kids to _.A.protect the environment B.get free drinks and candies C.pick up the most rubbish D.do cleaning and plant trees Bring your kids with you.It is a great chance to teach
39、 them to care for the environment around us.We have free drinks and chocolate candies for the children at the park.A注意关键词注意关键词“great chance”！寻找关键词寻找关键词Lets try Lets try 1313 如何解答如何解答细节理解细节理解题题？(To look for details)细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。往往针对短文某个细节来设题。解题技巧为：解题技巧为：快速
40、捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照,一般能从原文中直一般能从原文中直接找到答案。接找到答案。我们自己来做阅读 学以致用，熟能生巧学以致用，熟能生巧 Read the passage and answer the questions.(6minutes)Tips:Tips:Use your pens to underline or circle the answers!1.Finish the reading comprehension alone.2.Discuss your answers in groups
41、and talk about the 4 types of questions.Challenge yourselfChallenge yourself 中考实战中考实战1When your dream is to become a footballer and play for Barcelona,nothing should get in your way（阻止）even if you have no feet.2An 11-year-old schoolboy Gabriel Muniz,who was born without feet,will fly from his home i
42、nBrazil to take part in the Spanish clubs summer training camp.Although he is disabled,Muniz is one of the top players at the school and captain of his gym class.He can run,dribble(运球),pass and strike the ball as well as any of his able-bodied teammates.He spends all his spare time on the football p
43、itch（球场；体育比赛的场地）.3His best friend Lucas Santos spoke about his abilities on a video for The Sun,“He is skillful,he goes after it,he is fearless and he knows how to organize plays.He also makes good passes.”Mum Sandra was thrilled that her son would achieve his dreams.She said,“He started walking bef
44、ore he was one.We would go after him,expecting him to keep falling,but he never fell.”Munizs gym teacher added,“He is challenging the social norms(标准).When he arrived there,no one believed in him.”But he showed to everyone that he could play as well as any other boy.So he was invited to go to Spain
45、to show his talent.4The Spanish La Liga(西甲)soccer club has offered to fly Muniz to Spain in September,where hell be able to show off his“fancy footwork”and meet his idol,Bara soccer player Lionel Messi（里奥梅西）.5Muniz wears a prosthetic(假体的)ankle and foot to help him get around in rainy weather.Heknows
46、 that his disability means hell never be able to play for a professional football team and so Muniz is hoping that football will one day become a Paralympic(残奥会的)sport.2018年中考英语阅读理解C 真题重现 ()1.Who praised Munizs football abilities?A.His idol,Messi B.His best friend C.His mum,Sandra D.His gym teacher(
47、)2.The underlined word“thrilled”in paragraph 3 has the similar meaning to_.A.excited B.worried C.disappointed D.interested ()3.The time order of the following sentences is Muniz_.played football well and became captain of his school gym class could walk without falling when he was very little was as
48、ked to fly to Spain for a summer training camp A.B.C.D.()4.We can tell that Munizaccording to the passage.A.has difficulty in living a normal life B.dreams to play for a professional football team C.will play football for the Spanish La Liga soccer club D.hopes that playing football will be part of
49、Paralympic Games.()5.Which saying can express the spirit of the passage?A.Failure is the mother of success.B.Never put off tomorrow what we can do today.C.Where there is a will,there is a way.D.A good beginning is half done.B DC AC 真题重现3His best friend Lucas Santos spoke about his abilities on a vid
50、eo for The Sun,“He is skillful,he goes after it,he is fearless and he knows how to organize plays.He also makes good passes.”1.Who praised Munizs football abilities?A.His idol,Messi B.His best friend C.His mum,Sandra D.His gym teacher细节理解题细节理解题 关键句关键句注意注意What/Who/When/Where/Why/WhichHow等特殊疑问词等特殊疑问词.
