1、第十二章 定语从句第一节 真题精析1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? 【05北京春】A.where B. whenC.thatD. what2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. 【04全国】A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which3. There are altog
2、ether eleven books on the shelf,_five are mine.【04全国】A. on which B. in which C.of which D. from which4. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 【04江苏】 A. Which B. When C. What D. As5. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. 【04
3、浙江】 A. when B. where C. what D. which6. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. 【04湖南卷】 A. how B. which C. where D. that7The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. 【04辽宁卷】Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that8. Helen was much kin
4、der to her youngest son than to the others, , of course, made the others envy him. 【04天津卷】A. who B. that C. what D. which9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. 【04上海卷】A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom10.George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wro
5、te many political novels and essays.【04北京】A.the real nameB. what his real nameC.his real name D. whose real name11._ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 【04北京】A. It B. As C. That D. What12. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party wa
6、s a great success. 【04全国】A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which13I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay . 【2003上海】Awhy Bwhich Cas Dwhere14. York, _last year, is a nice old city. 【2003北京】A. that I visited B. wh
7、ich I visitedC. where I visited D. in which I visited15.Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. 【2002上海】A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom16. We will be shown around the city, museum, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. 【2002北京】 A. what B
8、. which C. where D. when17. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. 【2001上海】A. where B. which C. while D. why18. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where【NMET2001】19. _
9、 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 【NMET2001】 A. It B. As C. That D. what20. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course, made the others unhappy. 【NMET2000】 Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat21. Carol said the work would be done by October，_p
10、ersonally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which【NMET1999】22. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small townhe grew up as a child. 【NMET1996】 A. which B. where C. that D. when23. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which
11、 C. that D. it【MET1994】【答案与解析】1. C该题考查定语从句的用法。此处关系词在定语从句中作visited的宾语故选that。句意：你还记得三个月前我们去参观的养鸡场么？2. A该题是根据交际情景中考查定语从句的用法。根据定语从句和现行词的关系选择适当的介词，还原定语从句the sailing time of the journey was 226 days.得知是从属关系，故选A.句意：环球旅行用了这位老水手9个月的时间，其中航海的时间是226天。3. C 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。选择正确的介词，首先确定定语从句的先行词是eleven books，在看它和
12、定语从句的关系five of eleven books are mine,是从属关系，故选C。句意：书架上有十一本书，其中五本是我的。4D 该题考查定语从句的用法。由as引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，可以放在句首、句中或句尾；which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子只能放在句尾。句意：像以往一样，我们已经制订出了生产计划。5. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。在定语从句中关系词应当作tell的宾语，故选which。句意：反正那天晚上我最后在雷切尔那里停留了，关于那天晚上的事我以后再和你细说。6. C 该题考查定语从句的关系词的使用。关键是对business一词的理解，busi
13、ness意为：商店；商行。关系词在定语从句中作状语，故选where。句意：我在一家商行工作几乎每个人都在等待时机。7A该提示根据交际情景考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。两部分有逗号无连词，由此判断是定语从句，因此选择A。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，百分之八十的用于出口。8. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。根据句意得知是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子。句意：海伦对她的小儿子比对其他孩子要好得多，这当然是其他孩子妒忌他了。 9. D 考查定语从句的用法。先行词为someone表示人，关系代词作介词with的宾语，talk with somebody
14、“与交谈”，可以将介词放在关系代词前，因此，选D。句意：美国妇女通常把最好的朋友看成能经常在一起聊天的人。10.D 该题考查定语从句的用法。real name和George Orwell的关系是从属关系，故选whose引导定语从句。句意：乔治奥韦尔真名叫埃里克亚瑟写了很多政治题材的小说与论文。11.B 该题考查as引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子的用法。句意：据报纸报道，那两个国家的谈判正在进展。12C 该题是考查介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句的用法。关键是介词的选择，还原定语从句my students acted in the play at the New Years party，据此应选介
15、词in。句意：我的学生在新年晚会上演的英语剧很成功。13.D 考查定语从句，case意思是“情形、环境”，其在定语从句中只能作状语，因此选择关系副词where。句意：我可以想出很多学生明显知道单词语短语但不能写出好论文的情况。14B 该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词York后面有逗号，故后面是非限制性定语从句不能选that,在定语从句中关系代词做动词visited 的宾语，因此该题选择答案B。题意：去年我访问过纽约，纽约是一个美丽的古城。15.C 考查定语从句。he worked 是一个由with+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：Alec要求和他一起工作的警察无论什么时候出现事故都和他联系。16C
16、该题考查定语从句关系词的用法。该题的现行词是some other places，从定语从句可以看出该词在句中作状语,因此选C. where。有人将领我们参观这座城市，如学校、博 物馆以及一些别的游客很少去的地方。17.A 考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句是一个主系表结构，situation在定语从句中只能用作地点状语。因此选择关系副词where。18. C该题考查定语从句的用法。解本题的关键是要先找准先行词“the hours”，然后理解关系副词“when”本身在其引导的定语从句中充当时间状语。因为动词+ 副词短语接宾语时可以放在动词与副词之间也可以放在副词后面，该题可以改为下列语序The fi
17、lm brought back the hours _I was taken good care of in that far-away village to me这样就一目了然。句意：这部电影把我带到在那遥远的村庄我受到呵护的时光。19. B该题考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。在关系代词as引导的定语从句中，as指代整个句子（即没有具体的先行词），as的意思是“正如、就像”，从句可置于句前、句尾或句中（较灵活）。句意：众所周知，月球围绕地球转。20. B该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。
18、题中的of course 起到干扰作用。句意：Dorothy总是高度地评价她在剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。21. D该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。it不可引导从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句；when不合题意。句意：卡罗说十月份要完成这项工作，我个人对此十分怀疑。 22. B该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是the small town地点的名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语， 故用关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意：在巴黎住了50年后，他回到了孩提时代生长过的小城镇。23. B
19、 该题考查which引导的定语从句的用法。该题主从句之间有逗号，因此是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰整个主句。句意：结果是天气很好，这比我们预料的好得多。第二节 考点归纳在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。一、关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：1）用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定
20、语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。2）关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。3）关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。1、作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语）The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语）2、作宾语 在定语从句
21、里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略）The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。（引导词which，可省略）3、作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。The b
22、oss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。4、作状语 关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的那段日子。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。This is the
23、 reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。二、关系代词的用法英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr.
24、 Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom作宾语能省略)His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。（whom引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）2、whose的用法whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which 的用法wh
25、ich指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。（作主语，不能省略）It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略)He came late, which we all know. 我们都知道，他来晚了。（作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略）4、that 的用法that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作
26、主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）She is the only person(that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依赖的人。（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）5、关系代词that和which的区别（1)相同点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。The train that ( which ) has jus
27、t left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)（2）用that，不用which的情况当先行词是不定代词all, one, few, little, everything, nothing,any, anything, little等不定代词或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?He answered few questions tha
28、t the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
29、They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。I dont like the wa
30、y(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。（3）用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。教你巧学巧记:that和which的区别，很
31、容易记混，用下面的顺口溜便不难区分：that，which可互换，下列请况勿照办，that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说;不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。先行词前被限制，千万不要用which，要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。6、关系代词who与that的区别（1）当先行词是he、people、those等时，引导词常用who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。（2）当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用th
32、at。She isnt the little girl that she used to be. 她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了。He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。7、as的用法（1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作表语)Dont read such books as are not worth read
33、ing. Read such books as you can understand.不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。He lent me as much money as he had.她把所有的钱借给了我。（2）suchthat与suchas“suchthat”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“suchas”表“像这样的”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。He is such an honest
34、 man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。（3）the samethat与the same as“the samethat”表同一人或物，而“the sameas”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）This is the same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The mo
35、on, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.四、关系副词英语中的关系副词有where，when，why等。1、when的用法when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。2、where的用法where
36、指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。She will go home where she can rest. 她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。注意：先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用关系代词whch或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光。3、why的用法
37、why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。This is the reason why he did so. 这就是他这样做了的理由。Do you know the reason why he left early?你知道他为什么早走吗？定语从句用法巧记歌诀主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词有that，定人定物有本领。定时间要用when，定地点where行。关系代(副)词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。五、“介词关系代词”用法“介词+关系代词”的结构是一较为复杂的问题，初学英语者对此往往感到棘手。因此
38、，下面仅就几种常见的“介词+关系代词”的结构浅析如下。1、介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语介词+which在关系分句中分别作时间，地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when，where和why。I still remember the day on which (=when)I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。This is the reason for which(=why)he was put in p
39、rison.这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。2、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒置。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小孩。I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。3、不定代词或数词+of+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在定语从句中作主语不定代词或数词+o
40、f+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的部分。China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾。There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这个电影。4、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。Could you tell me for whom youve bought this co
41、at?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗?5、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的发出者。The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。6、名词+of which，代替whose+名词，在关系分句中作定语。I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves)were black with
42、disease.我看见一些树，它们的叶子因生病而发黑。He mentioned a book, the title of which (=whose title )Ive forgotten.他提到一本书，书的名我忘了。7、介词+which(指物)/whose(指人)，修饰后边的名词。The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是她从他的房间偷走地图的那个人。比较：介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。She had only 1.87 with which
43、 to buy(=she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱给他的丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。At last he had something about which to write (=he could write) home. 他终于有给家写信的内容了。六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语。如果将这种定语从句省去，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。She has found th
44、e necklace that she lost 2 years ago. 她找到了两年前丢失的项链。(限制性定语从句)This is the man who came to see you yesterday.这就是昨天来看你的那个人。(限制性定语从句)It happened at the time when I left the office. 这件事发生在我离开办公室的时候。2、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that来引导。Yesterday, I met Li P
45、ing, who seemed to be busy. 昨天我遇见了李平，他好像很忙。(非限制性定语从句)In Britain, which has a population of 55. 8 million, 110,000 people die from smoking each year. 英国有5580万人口，每年有11万人口死于吸烟。(非限制性定语从句)Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in Washington, D. C. 领导美国人民经历了这些年的亚伯拉罕林肯1865年4月14日在华盛顿的一家戏院被枪杀。(非限制性定语从句)3、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（1）形式上不同非限制性定语从句在书写时往往用逗号和主句分开，而限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开。Last night I saw a very good film，which was about the Long March.The man whom I met in the street was a driver.（2）可否省略的不同限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就
