1、第十六章 特殊句式 （强调句、倒装句、省略句、there be 结构）1.He never said that he was good at mathematics, _?【05北京春】A.was heB. wasnt heC.did heD. didnt he2.Lose one hour in the morningyou will be looking for it the rest of theday. 【05北京春】A.but B. andC. orD. so1It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daugh
2、ter had been found. 【04福建卷】AbecauseBwhichCsinceDthat2. There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on -sleep, and one of them is: _to bed early unless you think it is necessary. 【04重庆卷】A doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? 【04上海卷】A. Wh
3、at is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that4. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _.【NMET04全国】A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I5. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence mans liv
4、es. 【04广东卷】A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there6. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _the importance of studies. 【04重庆卷】A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realized D. did I realize7. _ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they
5、 had a picnic in the forest. 【04上海卷】A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring8. - Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? - _? 【04全国4】A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come9. - You havent lost the ticket, have you? 【04
6、江苏】- _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so10. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _?【04上海卷】A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he13It is these poisonous products can cause th
7、e symptoms of the flu , such as headache and aching muscles . 【2003上海】Awho Bthat Chow Dwhat 14Only when your identity has been checked , . 【2003上海】Ayou are allowed in Byou will be allowed in Cwill you allow in Dwill you be allowed in15.Mrs.Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital cam
8、era, ? 【2002上海】A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she 16.You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good heavens , . 【2002上海】A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did.17. It is the ability to do the job _matters where you come from or what you are.Aone Bthat Cwhat Dit 【NMET2000】18. It wa
9、s only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that C. then D. so【NEMET1998】19. It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when【NEMET1997】20. It was not until 1920regular radio broadcasts
10、began. 【NEMET1995】 A. while B. which C. that D. since21. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other.Athey had quarreledBthey have quarreled【NMET2003】Chave they quarreledDhad they quarreled22. Not until all the fish died in the riverhow serious the pollution was . A.
11、 did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized 【NMET1995】 C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize23.The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it.【NMET2002】 A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun24.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the
12、 street, but his mother told him. 【NMET1995】 A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to25. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in. (2001) A.they B.it C.one D.which【答案与解析】1. C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。关键词是never said，符合前否定后肯定；said无需否定转移，助动词选did。句意：他从来未说他擅长数学，是吗？2.
13、 B该题考查连词的用法。此处是“祈使句+and+句子”句型。句意：早晨失去一小时，你一天都找不回。3. A 考查强调句的用法。此处在疑问句中对句子的强调。非强调句应该是What do you want me to say?句意:为什么！我没有什么要坦白的，什么是你要我说的？4. B 该题是根据交际情景中考查倒装句的用法。“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”表示“也不怎样”。根据第一句I would never come得知助动词应选择would。句意：“我再也不来这家餐馆了。饭太差了。”“我也不来了。”5. C该题考查倒装句的用法。关键词是there is no end和neither。由
14、于neither方句首因此倒装，由于前面提供的事there is因此需用there倒装。句意：做好无止境，对于人生的影响也是如此。6. D该题根据交际情景考查倒装句和动词时态的用法。only then放居首句子倒装，realize的动作在failed之后发生过选过去时。句意：我上学期期末考试没及格，只有在那时我意识到了学习的重要性。7. B 考查倒装句的用法。Not only but also 在这里连接两个句子，第一个句子中not only位于句首，应该使用倒装语序，因此，B正确。句意他们去树林里野餐不仅带了点心和饮料，而且还带了牌进行娱乐。8. A 该题是考查句子的省略。what for相
15、当于“What do you ask to do that for?”意为：为何，问目的，单独使用。也可以理解成习惯用语。How come意为：为何，问原因，往往后面跟句子。如：How come you never visit us any more? 你为何不再来看我们呢？句意：“苏珊，请你去把抽屉倒空好吗？”“为什么？（有什么用？）”9A 该题考查句子缩略的用法。I hope not意为：希望不是这样。I hope so意为：希望如此。句意：“你没丢票，是吗？” “希望没丢，我知道此刻再买张票不容易。”此题关键是第一句话用了前否定后肯定的反意疑问句，因此要选A。10. A 考查反义疑问句的
16、用法。本题题干含有一个 that引导的同位语从句具有很强的干扰作用，主句的主语是Bills aim其代词形式是it，因此，A为正确答案。句意：比尔的目的是想告知观众在电视上作香烟广告是违法的。11D 该题考查强调句型。“Its +强调成分+that+”这是借助于it对句子的宾语、主语、状语强调。with great joy是句子的状语，因此这是强调句，故选that。句意：得知找到他失散多年的女儿的消息，他非常地高兴。12. D 该题考查祈使句的用法。关键是is后面的冒号，引出对前面tips的解释。tip 意为：劝告，告诫。告诫，劝告一般用祈使句。因此选择D。句意：在罗杰博士的关于睡眠的演讲中有
17、八处告诫：不要早睡除非你认为有必要。13.B 考查强调句式，强调句式为It is（was）+被强调部分+that+其他成分，因此B正确。14.D 考查倒装句，only强调句子的状语，如果置于句首，要使用倒装序，D为正确答案。15.D 考查think .believe. suppose等词后的宾语从句的用法。这些词后的宾语的运用应注意以下两点：（1）宾语从句的否定应前移。（2）主句的主语如果是第一人称，它的反意疑问句是对从句的反问；如果主句的主语是第三人称，它的反意疑问句是对主句的反问，正确答案为D。16.B 考查so引导倒装句的用法。在此句中so表示同意，句式为so+pron+aux.v17B
18、该题考查由“Itsthat”引导的强调句型的用法。对主语the ability to do the job强调。Matter在此意为：重要, 有重大关系。句意：以个人的工作能力重要的不是你从哪里来,或是做什么的。18B 该题考查由“Itsthat”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语only when I read his poem recently强调。句意：直到最近我重读他的诗作才开始欣赏它们的美。19A 该题考查由“Itsthat”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语about 600 years ago强调。句意:大约600多年前，就已经制造出了带有表盘和时针的钟表。20C 该题考查由“Its
19、that”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语until 1920强调。句意：直 到1920年，定期的电台广播才开始。21C 该题考查倒装句和时态的用法。never once放句首故选用倒装句；前面的have been married for 40 years和never得知该句是强调到目前的结果故选现在完成时。句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了；俩人从未吵过一次架。22 A该题考查倒装句的用法。Not until all the fish died in the river放在句首,主句主谓结构借助于助动词倒装。故选A。句意：直到河里所有的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染的严重性。23D 该题考查连词加分
20、词作状语的用法。本题是sothat 结构，that 之后的句序可以补充调整为 nothing can be done to change it once it is begun .省去 it is, 用once begun 作状语，或理解成连词(once) +分词作状语，句子主语（nothing）是动词（begin）动作的承受者故用过去分词，故D为正确答案。句意：调查研究的形式已经设计好，一旦开始是无人能更改的。24 A 该题考查动词不定式省略的用法。动词不定式省略是借助于替代词to来实现的。不定式中的动词可以省略但to 不能，以避免重复。例如：want，hope，would like，wou
21、ld love，intend，plan，tell等动词后面都可接to，省略不定式中的动词以避免重复。句意：那个男孩想在大街上骑自行车，但他妈妈不让他骑。25. B 考查it的用法。it指前面已经提到过的人或事物，it作真实主语或宾语。句意：帕克买了一套新房子，但在他们搬入之前还需做大量的工作。第二节 考点归纳一、it 的用法在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it）（一）
22、it作代词1、用作人称代词（personal it）代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didnt help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it）相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。-Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？-Its me. 是我。3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it）代词it可用来指除人以外的
23、一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。Its half past ten. “十点半”（指时间） Its about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离） It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象）It is sixty-three dollars. 六十三元（指价值）（二）it作引导词1、作形式主语（formal subject）当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词（
24、anticipatory）it，作形式主语，放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。(1) 代替不定式短语Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么？It is not a good habit to stay up late.开夜车不是个好习惯。（2）代替动词-ing形式短语It is no use crying over spilt milk.泼水难收。Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗？（3）代替主语从句It is a pity that you did
25、nt go to see the movie.你没去看这个电影， 真是可惜。Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗？2、作形式宾语(formal object)当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。（1）it代替不定式短语He feels it his duty to help others.他感到帮助别人
26、是他的职责。 (2）it代替动词-ing形式短语I think it no use telling them.我认为告诉他们没用。 (3)it代替从句They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。（三）it用在强调结构中当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常总是主语，宾语或状语）时，常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子
27、的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。1、强调的成份（1）强调主语It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。（2）强调宾语It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday.昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。 (3)强调地点状语It was at the gate that I told her the n
28、ews yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。 (4)强调时间状语It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。2、使用“It is/wasthat”强调句型要注意的几点（1）被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语
29、时，使用who；强调的是宾语时，使用whom。It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday. 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。It was Jack that I met in the park last week.我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。It was her that I met in the park yesterday.昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。(2)强调句的时态一般说来，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，则用句
30、型“It is . that(who, whom) . 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用句型“It was .that(who, whom).”It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.是史密斯先生明天去北京。(3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when、where、why或how，只用that。It was
31、in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921.中国共产党是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。注意：可用“It is/was becausethat”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句，如上例所示，但不能用该结构强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句，如不能说:It is everybody is here that lets begin our discussion.也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at
32、home.（4）强调“not.until”结构在强调“not.until”结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until . that . 。” 其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。My father did not come until 12 oclock last night.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。（5）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成份时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。Did this happen in
33、 Guangzhou?Was it in Guangzhou that this happened? 此事是在广州发生的吗？（6）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是：“疑问词+is/was it +that ？”When did you get to know her?When was it that you got to know her?你是在什么时候认识她的？（7）可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。It was unwillingly that he did it for me. 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。It was because he was ill
34、 that we had to come back early.正是因为他病了，我们才不得不早归。（8）可以强调宾语补足语，当连系动词不是be，表语部分是名词性词组时，也可使用这种结构强调表语，但是，当连系动词是be时，不能强调表语。It is white that they painted the house. 他们把房子漆成的是白色。（强调宾语补足语）It is a chief engineer that he becomes now. 他现在担任的是总工程师。（强调表语）（9）强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外，有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。It must have
35、been Mary that you saw just now. 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。注意：对谓语动词强调不能借助于It is/was that结构，要借助于助动词do, did, does，意为：确实、真的、务必、一定。如：Do come on time next time.下次一定要准时来。He did know the truth.他确实知道真相。Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时务必要小心。二、省略为了避免重复，省略句子的一个或几个句子成分，使语句简练，结构紧凑，收到一定的修辞效果，这种语法现象称为省略。（一）不用替代词的省略1、
36、省掉主语(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。(I) See you later. 回头见。(I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。2、省略谓语或谓语的一部分They learn French and we (learn) English. 他们学法语，我们学英语。(Is there ) Anything I can do for you ? 要我帮忙吗？3、省略表语Are you a teacher? Yes, I am (a teacher). 你是教师吗？是的，我是。4、省略宾语This is the book (that) Im looki
37、ng for.这是我正在找的书。5、省略主语和谓语或主谓和谓语的一部分(Come )This way, please. 请走这边。What a good boy (he is )! 他是多好的学生啊！6、省略主、谓或宾 -To whom did you lend the book?你把书借给谁了？-To John.(I lend the book)约翰。7、asas结构中的省略 这种结构中，从句于主句重复的词可以省略；把两个时间地点等相比较时，第一个as可省略。He can be( as )happy in hard times as in good days.他在艰难岁月里能像在好时光时一样
38、幸福。8、所有格后的名词名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、办公室、店铺、教堂或上文己暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。Well go to the doctors （clinic）in a minute.一会儿我们要到医务室去。9、状语从句中的主谓省略 在以if、when、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。He will not come unless (he is ) invited.除非邀请他才肯来。 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构 if
39、 it is possible, when it is necessary 等都是这种结构。He ran as fast as (it was) possible.他拼命跑。If （it is ）necessary, put a comma.有必要的话，加一个逗号。 10、在限制性定语从句中作状语的关系副词when、why、where也可以省去。This is the very reason (why) I want to kill you. 这就是我为何要杀死你的理由。This was the first time (when) I had visited Beijing.这是我第一次参观北
40、京。11、当wh-疑问从句作宾语时如果其内容与上文重复可以省略从句，只保留wh-疑问词。He will come back, but he doesnt know when (he will come back). 他将回来，但不知道什么时间。12、 在状语的独立分词结构中，分词往往可以省略 The meeting (being)over, they walked out of the hall.会议结束了，他们走出了大厅。 The work (having been) done, he left the office.做完工作后，他离开办公室。（二）、用替代词的省略1、to代替不定式to代替
41、不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try等动词连用。-Would you like to come to the party? -你愿意参加晚会吗？-Id like to (come to the party). -我愿意。注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。-Are you on holiday?你放假了吗？-No, but Id like to be
42、( on holiday).没有。不过我真愿意。-She hasnt done it yet.她还没有做。-She ought to (have done it).她该做。2、so 和not so 可以代替单词、词组或句子，做call, expect, hope, do, fear, imagine, suppose, speak, tell, think, believe, be afraid, see, notice等宾语；not代替句子,用法和so相似，并可以放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副词后面。-Is the famous singer going
43、to give any performance at the evening party? 这位著名歌手在晚会上要表演节目的吧?-I expect so. 我想是吧。-I expect not. (I dont expect so.)我认为不会。He must be a teacher. I imagine so.他一定是老师。我认为是。-Do you think so? 你是这样想吗?-Absolutely not. 当然不是。注意：so作替代词一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，口气比较委婉，不表示肯定，也不表示否定，因此，在表示肯定或怀疑的答句中不可用so。再know和ask后也不可用s
44、o。3、do do可以用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。 -Did you see the film?你去看那场电影了吗？ -Yes. I did.是的，去看了。 He speaks English more fluently than you do.他英语讲得比你流畅。4、do so, do that,和do it（1） do so 可以替代动词加宾语，也可以替代动词加状语。She said she would go with me, but she didnt do so.她说她要和我一起去，但她没有。Just finish off watering the flowers. And let
45、me know when you have done so.赶快较完花，等你浇完时通知我。（2） do so 替代动词加宾语时，so可以用it或that所取代，it指具体事物，that表示较重的语气。Henry is going to make the experiment and he wanted me to do it, too.亨利打算做试验，他曾想让我也做。He played cards after supper and I watched them do that.他们吃完晚饭后玩牌，我看着他们玩。（3）do so, do that,和do it一般只用于替代动态动词，而不适合替代静态动词。- Alice feels better today.爱丽斯今天感觉很好。 - I think she does. （正） -Yes, so does she. （正） -I think she does so. （误）-I think she does that. （误）I think she does it. （误）5、one和ones one和ones具有泛指的性质，常指替代单数或复数名词，不能替代不可数名词。使用时应注意：（1） one和ones与其所替代的名词在数方面和句法功能上可以不一致以及所指意义上可以不同。
