1、高考英语七选五备考全攻略解题指导高考题型七选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。七选五所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的话题，多为说明文，也有记叙文和议论文等其他文体。为了帮助考生了解这种题型的特点、掌握快速有效的答题方法，我们总结了七选五的解题步骤，以供大家参考。一、通读全文，理解大意快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，掌握文章结构及主要内容。“开门见山”与“结尾总结”是最常见的写作方式，因此，在阅读过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾两段，这样可以快速把握文章的主题。二、浏览选项，初选答案在浏览完全文，对全文的大意有所了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。在浏览的过程中，要特别注意
2、选项中出现的与原文相同或者相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。三、详细阅读，确定答案仔细阅读文章正文部分并找出各个段落的关键词，为解题做好铺垫，然后再明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。一般来说，文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或其近义词，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复，使用语篇标记语连接句子等。有时候我们在读文章时即使没有发现明显的衔接手段，也能感觉到字里行间千丝万缕的逻辑关联。因此我们在解题过程中，要特别注意以下几点：1. 词汇复现。复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。词
3、汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。2. 代词。在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。3. 语篇标记语。语篇是由句子构成的，但是如果一组意义相关的句子不通过一定的过渡词语或其他连句手段合乎逻辑地连接起来，那么这组句子就不能构成篇章。也就是说，起衔接作用的语篇标记语在语篇中的作用相当重要。语篇标记语有表示逻辑关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, third
4、ly等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, whats more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, meanwhile等。在做七选五时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标记语，我们就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系。四、对比分析，排除干扰我们在选完答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。由于多余选项可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出正确答案。考例分析2017全国卷I（记叙文）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most
5、 of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37We slept in a te
6、nt, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on anothe
7、r fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.38Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a
8、 bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.40It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A. This time there w
9、as no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the t
10、rees were no more than 3 feet tall.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者从不喜欢野营到喜欢上野营的过程。【答案解析】36. D。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后下一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间是转折关系，故空格处需填一个承上启下的、表示转折的句子。D项符合语境，其中的however表示转折。37. C。根据下文的描述“我们睡帐篷、自己烧火做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。这与C项中的rough相对应。38. A。根据下文转折副词Instead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒适的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷，故
11、选A项。39. F。根据空格后的代词We可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后的句子“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可知应选F项（这次野营之后，我的家人对野营相当感兴趣了）。40. E。作者在文中讲述了自己对野营态度的改变。本段是总结段。结合空格后的内容“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可知E项（我喜欢上了野营）符合语境。2017全国卷II（说明文）Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.36, there are several ways to
12、 handle things. Lets take a look at them now.37. Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that y
13、oull find them then.38. It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office.39, its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you ha
14、ve a door to your office, make good use of it.40. If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.A. If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you wan
15、t to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD. If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG. Leave it open when yo
16、ure available to talk and close it when youre not【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要就如何避免工作时被打扰提出了几点建议。【答案解析】36. B。文章开头便指出“工作时被打扰是一件糟糕的事情”，所以下文针对此问题提出了几点建议。B项与上下文衔接紧密。37. A。根据空格后的“告诉对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做、另约时间”可知，本段提出的建议是“忙的时候，不要不好意思拒绝”。saying no与youre sorry对应。38. E。根据空格后的It can help to eliminate future interruptions可知
17、，E项符合语境，强调“让人们知道你什么时候有空非常重要”。39. D。D项中的in the other persons office与上句中的in your own office对应。40. G。G项中的it指代上句中的a door to your office。本段主要是讲如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰。实 战 演 练根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。01I started working at Pizza Hut in December 1989, when I was a freshman in high school. All new
18、employees started by washing dishes and busing tables. If they proved their ability, they learned to make pizzas, cut and serve them on wooden paddles and take orders.1I couldnt keep up, and piles of dishes formed on all sides of me. Every time the pile decreased, the call came back to help clear ta
19、bles out front, and I returned with more dirty dishes.My shift (轮班) was supposed to end at 9 p.m., but when I asked to leave, the manager, Jeff, shook his head. “Not until the work is done,” he said. “You leave a clean station.2However, I worked until after 10 that night.I stayed on dish duty for we
20、eks. My heart sank every time I arrived at work and saw my name written next to “dishes” on the position chart. I spent my shifts behind those steel sinks. I hated every minute I spent on dish duty.3One slow mid-week night, when I managed to catch up on dishes and clean out the sinks early, I asked
21、Jeff when I could do something different. “Do you know why youre still doing dishes?” he asked. “Because you keep complaining about it.”4But, he promised, if I continued to leave a clean station and not complain, next week he would put me on the “make table,” where pizzas were put together before be
22、ing put into the oven. A few days later, when I reported for my after-school shift, I saw my name penciled not in the “dishes” box but in the “make table” box.5A. I was excited.B. Some write on a chalkboard.C. I was angry and thought about quitting.D. Nobody likes to work with a complainer, he said.
23、E. And I wasnt afraid to let everyone around me know it.F. On my first night, the dishes piled up after the dinner rush.G. The people who make a difference in your life come in all types.02You dont really need much to start running. Once you have shoes, socks, something to listen to and something to
24、 clock your time, youre just about set.1Whether you choose a standard watch, a high-tech GPS watch or your iPhone doesnt matter.1. Choose a shoeDont be influenced by brand names. Instead, try on four or five running shoes, jog around the store and let your feet decide. In a sweeping review of the sc
25、ience on running shoes and injuries, researchers found that the most important feature of a running shoe is comfort. Thats it.22. Choose a pair of socks3Blisters from unsuitable socks are painful and could affect you for days. You want a breathable, comfortable sock. Some running socks are made from
26、 a special material that draws moisture (湿气) away from your feet.Look for a sock without thick (or any) seams (缝) and decide if you want a no-show sock or one that covers the back of your ankle.4Test them out to see how they perform when you run and sweat before buying more pairs.3. Choose a playlis
27、tRunning should feel like a reward. If youre a runner who likes the quiet of running, then pick a quiet path and go run. But many people like a combination of upbeat music or books on tape to accompany them on the run.5They often read their own audiobooks and leave you laughing so much you forget th
28、e pains of running.A. Choose a shoe that feels good.B. Consider trying books by comedians.C. Heres how to pick the right running equipment.D. It can prevent bacteria from accumulating on your feet.E. Try socks on in the store, and pick one or two that you like.F. While most runners focus on shoes, s
29、ocks can be important too.G. When it comes to the timing tool, just pick the one that works for you.03Where the Easter-egg tradition comes fromThe association between Easter and eggs runs deep. The hatching of a chick is both seasonally and metaphorically (比喻地) appropriate for a springtime holiday o
30、f rebirth. But the links origins could be a lot more ordinary.1. One possible origin: the strict fasting rules of the time, which banned eating any animal product during Lent (the period of 40 days before Easter).2. So Christians would hard-boil and store their eggs for later, according to Henry Kel
31、ly, a professor of medieval (中世纪的) studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Some of those eggs would be given to the poor, and villagers brought them as Easter gifts to their manorial lords (领主). Eggs could also be brought to church as a Good Friday offering.3, at which point the househ
32、old of Edward I brought 450 eggs to be colored or covered in gold leaf to be distributed, according to The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain by Ronald Hutton.4, as colored eggs made flashier gifts between commoners.As new ideas about middle-class family life formed in Euro
33、pe and the U.S. in the late 1800s, religious holidays came to include customs for children.5. Soon enough they were colored, hidden and hunted by kids all over the place, including at the White House, which held its first Easter Egg Roll in 1878.A. Easter eggs were a natural fitB. Hens, however, kep
34、t laying anywayC. And the tradition wasnt limited to royalsD. There are Easter celebrations around the worldE. Decorating them began in Britain around 1290F. One of the Easter egg games is the Easter Egg HuntG. To look for the beginnings of the Easter egg, start in medieval Europe04Work Smarter Not
35、HarderIn Dan Pinks Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself he closes the book with a long, excellent list of “Work Smarter Not Harder” type advice for people who want to start working for themselves.1Below are my favorites.Make a “to dont” list.Prepare a list that contains all the thin
36、gs you shouldnt waste your time on useless tasks, unnecessary meetings, worthless phone calls, and so on.2Carry a notebook and pen.Thomas Edison did it. Virginia Woolf did it. And so did Charles Darwin. They carried a notebook with them everywhere and wrote down ideas that popped into their heads.3T
37、rust me: This is a fantastic way to explore ideas and to weave creativity into the fabric of your life.4Become a learning machine. Ask questions. Take smart people to lunch. Read. Read some more. Listen to audiobooks. Take classes. Added benefit: This makes life more interesting. Yet another benefit
38、: Studies have shown that people who make constant learning part of their lives end up living longer.Guard your calendar.Make sure your time is focused on your one or two top priorities (优先解决的事物). Ask yourself: “Is this how I want to be spending my time right now?” Remember: You are your calendar.5R
39、espond to calls and e-mails quickly.Even if your response is, “Ill get back to you,” try to get back to people within 24 hours. Theyll appreciate the politeness.A. Learn.B. Be quick, but dont hurry.C. So treat your calendar with respect.D. Try to begin your day the same way.E. Page through the noteb
40、ook occasionally.F. Then place it next to your “to do” list and stick to it.G. Frankly, the list is so good I think everyone would benefit from it.05Learn How to Have a Learning VacationGoing on a vacation to learn a skill you have long wanted to pick up sounds like a good getaway, but be cautious,
41、said John Spence, the president of a travel company in Calif. “If you dont pick the right skill for you, or go in with unrealistic expectations, your precious time off wont be enjoyable,” he said.Here, he shares his advice on planning a learning vacation that you wont regret taking:FOLLOW YOUR PASSI
42、ON (热情).1. They include cooking, photography, art history, farming or a sport such as diving or horseback riding. To get the most out of the trip, choose something youre passionate about.2? With whatever skill you intend to learn, figure out whether you want an immersion (沉浸) or only to occupy a par
43、t of your trip. Its possible to learn cooking basics, for example, by taking a weeklong course at Ballymaloe Cookery School in Ireland. Another option is to attend several half-day classes at the school and have more free time to explore the destination itself. “3, so make sure that its what you rea
44、lly want,” Mr. Spence said.CONSIDER YOUR BUDGET. No matter the skill, you can learn it by taking a vacation in a wide range of price ranges.4. If you want to learn scuba diving (水肺式潜泳), for example, heading to the Maldives will cost several thousand dollars per person, while a scuba diving trip to t
45、he Florida Keys is a more wallet-friendly choice.DONT FORGET THE CHILDREN.5, provided that they are fun. “Yes, you want your kids to learn, but you dont want them to be bored by overloading them with too much information,” Mr. Spence said.A. A LITTLE, OR A LOTB. Dont be influenced by others interest
46、sC. WHAT SKILL DO YOU WANT TO LEARND. Learning vacations can be great family trips, tooE. The options for what you can learn on your vacation are limitlessF. Having a clear idea of your budget will help you home in on the right tripG. Spending your entire break devoted to learning something new can
47、be stressful06Astronauts drink their own pee (尿) after its been cleaned.1Many experts, though, argue that recycling pee and other waste is an excellent and safe solution when there isnt enough fresh water to go around.2All of the water that astronauts use to drink, brush their teeth, or make coffee
48、comes out of one limited container that has to be resupplied from Earth. To help conserve water, the waste from sinks, toilets, and even the pee from lab animals on board flows into a recycling system. First, the water goes through a series of filters (过滤器) to get rid of large particles (微粒) and impurities. Then, chemical reactions remove poisonous chemicals and kill any bacteria or viruses.3Chris Hadfield, who lived on the space station for five months, says, “Before you feel uncomf
