1、20102015年全国卷中长难句分析准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。遇到长难句，我们要善于分析句子结构，先判断句子的主干部分(主谓宾，或主系表)，而句子的修饰、补充成分，可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再理解修饰、补充成分。以下是20102015年全国卷中出现的长难句，如果这些句子的结构你都能理清，这些句子的意思你都能理解，今年高考英语阅读理解就不难了！1. (2015全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Bro
2、wns Grove Farmis one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.分析：as引导的是让步状语从句，从句用了倒装结构，表语前置；when引导的是时间状语从句；在时间状语从句中包含了由where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant。句意：眼前的西红柿令我欣喜不已，当我听说朗的格鲁夫农场是杰克达斯蒂餐厅的
3、供应商之一时，我更加高兴了。杰克达斯蒂餐厅是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开张的一家餐厅我感到很幸运那天晚上我计划去那吃晚饭。2. (2015全国新课标阅读理解C篇) The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.分析：The Pompidou Centr
4、e in Paris is showing its respect and admiration为句子的主干，bringing together .是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰an exhibition。句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表达对这位艺术家及其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。3. (2015全国新课标阅读理解D篇) If life werent a battle, people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.分析：本句If引导的条件状语从句用了虚拟语气；主句中的just to speak作定语修饰p
5、lace。句意：如果人生不是一场战争，人们也不会需要一个仅仅去说话的特殊场所了。4. (2015全国新课标阅读七选五) But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.分析：本句中when引导的是时间状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外，句中还包含一个where引导的定语从
6、句，修饰先行词action。句意：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。5. (2015全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food.分析：本句中for引导表示原因的分句，分句中less-conscious和后面的so morelikel
7、y to eat lots of food是并列表语，分句中还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。句意：黑暗环境更容易鼓励过量饮食，因人们在灯光昏暗的地方很少会难为情 所以更可能吃大量食物。6. (2015全国新课标阅读理解C篇) The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.分析：本句中，句子主干是The gap-ye
8、ar phenomenon originated(起源) with the months，left over to Oxbridge applicants是过去分词短语作后置定语， betweenand是介词短语作定语，修饰的都是the months。句意：间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。7. (2015全国新课标阅读七选五) No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your
9、experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.分析：本句是由so连接的两个并列句；which引导的是宾语从句，作say的宾语；as you shop是由as引导的时间状语从句。句意：没人能说哪个品牌最适合你或你穿哪一双脚最舒服，因此在购买时，你不得不根据你的经验和对每一双鞋的感觉。8. (2014全国新课标阅读理解A篇) The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece o
10、f writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.分析：that引导定语从句，在定语从句中，their curiosity和how引导的从句并列作show的宾语。句意：这个挑战赛邀请，甚至挑战5到14岁的在校生创作艺术品或写一篇文章，来展示他们的好奇心，并告诉我们它如何激发他们去探索自我世界。9. (2014全国新课标阅读理解B篇) It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, th
11、ere were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.分析：本句在“It be+过去分词+that从句”结构；从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；3 billion passenger pigeons和 a number equal是同位关系。此外，还有一个现在分词短语“ma
12、king”作结果状语。句意：据统计，当旅鸽数量达到最多时，曾超过了30亿只，这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的24%-40%，使旅鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类。10. (2014全国新课标阅读理解C篇) This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information
13、 .分析：本句中because引导的是原因状语从句，从句中while引导的是时间状语从句；此外，which引导宾语从句，作about的宾语；who引导宾语从句，修饰先行词people。句意：这让我陷入无休无止的烦恼之中，因为当所有的专家们都在忙着辩论哪个选择最好时，那些想改善自己生活的人们却被所有这些矛盾的信息弄得困惑不堪。11. (2014全国新课标阅读七选五) By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.分析：that引导的是定语从句，修饰先
14、行词skills；从句中还含有一个no matter what引导的状语从句。句意：不管未来如何变化，帮助他们开发经典的技能会对他们大有帮助的。12. (2014全国新课标阅读理解A篇) He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying t
15、o settle down in a new one分析：句子的主干是He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city在此处为形容词短语，作补语，用来补充形容主语he当时的心情。thinking of为现在分词短语作状语，在现在分词短语中，organized为过去分词作get的宾补，from a distant country为介词短语作状语。此外，while trying to settle down in a new one为时间状语。句意：他向警方报了案，然后失落孤独
16、地坐在一个陌生的城市里，想着要在一个遥远的国家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻烦，而同时他还要试着在一个新的国家安顿下来。13. (2014全国新课标阅读七选五) The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat .分析：第一个when引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment，“cooking”为宾语从句，作think的宾语；后面的when引导的从句由and连接的两个并列句构成，作句子的表语。句意：当我已经饿了却没有准备好可以吃的东西的时候，我认为
17、做饭是一种痛苦。14. (2013全国新课标C篇) However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.分析：本句中in a way为介词短语作方式状语；which引导的定语从句修饰先行词way；he had no idea of his background at all为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作suggested的宾语。句
18、意：但是他接下来谈论奥巴马的方式表明他对奥巴马的背景一无所知。15. (2013全国新课标阅读理解A篇) It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，从句中when引导的是时间状语从句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词overreact。句意：它进一步要求，当碰到与自己相反的意见时，医生
19、不能反应过度，那样可能会让其他医生下次不敢说出自己的看法。16. (2013全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.分析：本句中“once less recognized”为省略句，省略了it was；此外还含有一个with sth. on结构，on在此处意为“上演”；“it
20、last”是定语从句，修饰先行词21days。句意：曾经不被怎么人们认可的“艺穗节”如今的规模已经远远超越了艺术节，在艺为期21天的活动中，每天要上演约1500场戏剧、音乐和舞蹈。17. (2013全国新课标阅读理解C篇) Given that many peoples moods (情绪) are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store
21、of Chinese medicine.分析：given that意为“考虑到，鉴于情况”，引导原因状语从句；主句中还含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。句意：鉴于很多人的情绪是由巧克力的化学作用来调节的，那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中药店一样可能只是个时间问题了。18. (2012全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the ne
22、st.分析：Once引导的是条件状语从句， waiting from time to time for为现在分词短语做伴随状语；as 引导的是原因状语从句。句意：一旦吸引了他们的注意，它就飞过森林，并时不时地等着那好奇的动物或人跟上来，因为它要带着他们找到蜂巢。19. (2012全国新课标阅读理解C篇) An actor and actress stood infront of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island.分析：so that引导的是结果状语从句；as if引导的是表
23、语从句。句意：一名男演员和一名女演员站在场景前，好让他们看起来像是站在一个小岛的水边。20. (2011全国新课标阅读理解C篇) They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.分析：句子主干是They are among the growing number of Americans。“driven by higher”
24、是过去分词短语作定语，修饰Americans；“who,have taken up vegetablegardening for the first time”是定语从句，修饰Americans。句意：越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其中。21. (2011全国新课标阅读理解D篇) When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, d
25、ealing with post and other general duties.分析：when引导的是时间状语从句；“dealing with”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：当你加入我们财务管理单位的这团队，你将协助财务部各部门的工作，处理邮件和其他日常事务。22. (2010大纲卷阅读理解A篇) One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.分析：本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the thing， that she woul
26、d go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引导表语从句，to 后又接一个宾语从句，表示无论是谁生病，and并列would go 和 be with。句意：最感动我的一件事情是无论谁生病了，狗狗都在其身边陪伴着他。23. (2010大纲卷阅读理解C篇) Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski res
27、orts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.分析： a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作为Mr. Wei 的同位语，that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引导一个定语从句修饰industry。最后部分用了offering分词做后置定语对resort的修饰。句意：北京第一家滑雪旅游开发商经理魏先生，看到了中国旅游
28、市场迅猛发展，很快便借鉴了欧洲滑雪的经验，最近几年滑雪旅游在中国流行起来。24. (2010大纲卷阅读理解C篇) The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up and as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea,many others hash in and price wars break out.分析：where引导了一个小的定语从句，when引导了一个状语从句，由此构成了这个句子。句意：魏先生工作的滑雪场将近花费了4百万，并且在中国，当其
29、他人想出了一个主意，其他人就会爆发一场声势浩大的价格战。25. (2010大纲卷阅读理解D篇) Science cant explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.分析：本句是由表转折but连接的并列句。前一分句是一个简单句，but的后一分句中, 主干是many studies have shown that，that引导一个宾语从句，而这个宾语从句又是由一个较为复杂的简单句构成：动词help后面接的是四个省略to的并列宾语lowerand raise,reduceand spread。句意：科学无法解释宠物的力量，不过很多研究表明，有宠物的陪伴能帮助降低血压和增加心脏病发作后康复的机会，减少孤独感，并向周围传递喜悦的心情。 （此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）编辑版word
