1、 共享知识 分享快乐盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。高考英语必备(个人整理)1. To ones+ 情感名词Eg: Tomysurprise,hedidverywellinhispreviousjob.令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错。(Toonessurprise是固定搭配)用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration(羡慕),amazement(惊奇),amusement(娱乐),annoyance(烦恼),astonishment(惊奇),delight(欣喜),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),
2、happiness(幸福),horror(恐怖),joy(高兴),puzzlement(疑惑),regret(遗憾),relief(如释重负),satisfaction(满意),shame(羞愧),sorrow(悲伤),surprise(惊讶)等2.beside/besidesbeside是一个介词，表示在.的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了.还有.Eg：Dont stand beside me. 不要站我旁边I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向。此外，我还乐于助人。besides和except的区别都可解作“除
3、之外” 但含义不同。 except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。 试比较： We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去) We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了) 3. See/ look/ watch See 看见了（强调看的结果） Did you see it？ 你看见了吗？ Look 意为看，瞧（强调动作）Look at the blackboard.
4、 请看黑板。 Watch 观看,注视（形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程）watch a game/watch a fight 看比赛,观看打斗（看得东西都比较有内容）常见短语：see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做.，doing作sb 的宾补）see sb do sth （看见某人做了.，强调看了整个过程） See a movie/ film 看电影 Look like 看起来像./ Look for. 寻找./ have a look at 看一看/ look at 看着（ glare at 怒视/ stare at 盯着看/ glance at 一瞥）Watch TV看电视 l
5、ook out= watch out 担心，小心 4. Hear / listenListen 不及物动词，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作Listen to music 听歌Listen to me. 听我讲。Hear 及物动词，强调听的结果 I cant hear you！我听不见你。5. So/ suchsuch与so的意思都是“如此,这样”.但两者用法根本不同,与what和how引导的感叹句相类似.1、such后面主要是修饰名词.即：sucha/anadj.n.或a/ansuchadj.n.如果名词是不可数名词或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词a或an.如：He has such
6、a beautiful bike.We all go to see it.Its a such fine day.We all want to go to fly a kite.2、so后面只能跟形容词或副词.即：和soadj.或adv.不过,so后面也可以跟名词,但该名词必须是单数可数名词.用法为：so+形容词+a或an+单数可数名词.如：The tiger is so big.And the cat is so small.She is so lovely a girl.3、它们后面还可以与that从句连用.即：suchthat和sothat意思是“如此以致”.如：She is such
7、a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam.His brother is so young that he cant go to school.注：当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时,such必须换成so.如：There are so many people that we cant go past.I ate so much food that I didnt want to go any farther.6. how/ what （how about= what about .怎么样？）what、how常用于感叹句感叹
8、句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).如： What a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！ What delicious food it is!多么有
9、味的食物呀！二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).如： How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！ How well she sings!她唱得多好呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。如： What a hot day it is!= How hot the day is !多么热的天气呀！ What bad weather it
10、is! = How bad the weather is!多么糟糕的天气呀！四. What do you do？你是做什么的 How do you do it？你是怎样做的7. Sometimes， sometime 和 some time 的区别（1）sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词.例如：Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来.（2）sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”.可用于一般过去时与将来时.例如：You can hand in your homework sometime be
11、fore Friday.你可以在周五前某个时候交作业.（3）some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”.例如：Ill be away for some time.我将离开一段时间.8. 表示“非常多”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词不可数名词前可用：much, a little, a great deal of, a large amount of可数名词前可用：many, a few, a great many ,a large number of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有：lots of， a lot of, plenty of,a great quantity of
12、.9. another，the other， other, others.another（三个及以上之中）另一个the other（两个中）另一个other +n(other 是一个形容词)others n. =other+n（pl.）Eg：I am sorry，but can you give me another chance?Peter has two sons. One is six and the other is just two years old.We need to care about other people= we need to care about others.1
13、0. 就近原则：1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next
14、 Saturday.4.not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with, along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except (but),including等.例如：Lisa, as well a
15、s her parents, was invited by Jack. 丽萨和爸妈都被邀请了！Tracy,like many girls,loves dancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞.All the students,including Tom,are leaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了.No one except (but) me knows about this news.除了我没有人知道11. 关于元音字母和元音音节元音字母总共有五个 a e i o u 但决定用冠词 a 还是 an 取决于 后面的单词首字母是不是元音因素（1）.A book, a useful b
16、ook, a European country, a university, a unique man.【这些单词中的U 都发 ju:，这是一个辅音音节】（2）.An umbrella， an apple，an hour, an honest man 【h 不发音】12. 星期和月份 （week / month）Monday星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天 January一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月July 七
17、月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 11月 December 12月James Paul McCartney was born in 1942.James Paul McCartney was born in June 18th， 1942.13. 时间的读法 What time is it now?-It is 9:00 /9:05/9:15/ 9:30/9:45 now.Nine oclock/ nine o five/ nine fifteen(a quarter past nine)/ nine thirty(half past n
18、ine )/ nine forty-five (a quarter to ten)一分钟a minute 一秒a second 一小 时an hour 一刻钟a quarter14. 方位和位置East south west north center right left Southeast southwest _(东北)_(西北)in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China.仿写：海南省在中国的南部。 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China.仿写：临高
19、在文昌的西面。 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如：North Korea is on the east of China.仿写：美国在加拿大的南面。 15. 传统节假日（traditional festivals）New Years Eve 除夕the Spring Festival 春节Lantern Festival 元宵节Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节International Labour Day 国际劳动节Mothers Day母亲节 Fathers Day 父亲节the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节Childrens Day 儿童节Teache
20、rs Day 教师节the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节National Holiday 国庆节相关词汇和句子：What is your favorite festival?When do you celebrate it ?How do you celebrate it?People celebrate .in memory of / to honor.During this festival, people always .（enjoy delicious food/ have lots of fun）I am sure that we will have a good
21、time.16. 关于打电话（making a call）telephone/ mobile phone/ cell phone电话 leave sb a message 给.留言 go ahead 请便吧 make a call打一个电话 give sb a call/ call sb up 给某人打电话 phone number 电话号码 call me at 135. speak to sb on the phone 在电话里给某人讲话 write to 给某人写信 talk to与某人交谈 hold on, please请不要挂断 wait a moment/minute 等一下 di
22、al/have the wrong number 打错电话了 write down 写下，记下 get in touch with sb=contact sb 与某人取得联系 keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 17. 英语写作之表示列举On one hand,.一方面. on the other hand,.另一方面.首先：First . Firstly. To begin with. Above all. First and foremost其次：Second. Secondly. Then. 最后：At last. Finally. Eventually.此外：i
23、n addition; besides; whats more.同时：at the same time18. 英语写作之表达见解（1. ） 不用说.It goes without saying that 子句 =(It is) needless to say (that)子句 =It is obvious that 从句 =Obviously, S. + V.例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.（2. ） there is no denying that.不可否认.不可否认，成功的事业关键在
24、于健康的身心。There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.There is no denying that success lies in hard work.（3. ）就我的看法；我认为In my opinion, .= As far as I am concerned, .=From my point of view,例：就我的看法，打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time
25、 but is also harmful to our health.19. 英语写作之主题句(A) 用下列方法 in the following ways.(B) 有三个主要理由 for three major reasons.(C) 要，至少我们可做三件事 To ., there are at least three things we can do.（D）我的建议/观点如下 .are as follows.例：(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。People learn
26、a foreign language for three major reasons.(C) 为了维护健康，我们每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day（D）我的建议/观点如下。My suggestions are as follows/ My opinions are as follows.20. 英语书信引出话题+写信目的（1. ）Ive learned from.that., so I am writing to.（2. ) Knowing that., I am writ
27、ing to.Eg： （1.）Ive learned from your parents that you have been admitted to Harvard University, so I am writing to express my congratulations on your success.从你父母口中得知你已被哈佛大学录取，特写信来表达祝贺。(2.) Knowing that you are interested in photography, I am writing to invite you to attend a photo show to be held i
28、n my school on April 21st.得知你喜欢摄影，特写信邀请你参加将于4月21号在我校举办的摄影展。21. 区别 by bus/ take a bus/ on a bustake a bus是动词短语 You can take a bus to go to school.on a bus= by bus 是介词短语.You can go to school on a bus/ by bus.坐一路公交车： take the No.1 bus22. Before/ ago 区别（1.）Ago 只表示相对现在的 “.以前 ”如：three years ago 三年前 A few
29、days ago 几天前 long long ago 很久以前 （2.）before 用法很广.before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间)，泛指一般意义的“以前”如：He didnt know that before. 他以前不知道此事。I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。表示在某一点时间或事件以前时，只用before不用ago，这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如： They will come back before six oclock It is hoped that this will be finished bef
30、ore the year 1995希望这件工作将在1995年以前完成。23. Affect/effect区别effect是名词，表示影响,搭配短语：have aneffectonsth.=haveaninfluenceonsth. 对.有影响affect是及物动词，“影响”，直接跟宾语，affectsth对.有影响，且通常指不利的影响。Eg：SandstormssometimesaffectBejing.沙尘暴有时候影响北京。WatchingTVforalongtimewillhaveabadeffectonyoureyes.24. Raise/ rise/ arise区别三者区别在于：三个动
31、词词性不同：raise是及物动词，可用于被动语态； rise和arise是不及物动词，无被动语态做“上升”解时意义有别：arise没有“上升”之意，多指问题等“产生、出现”，常用于抽象事物；rise运用范围广，可用于具体事物的“上升”，也可用于抽象事物的“增加、上涨”；raise是把具体事物举到高处或把抽象事物提高。一 .raisevt.招募、培育如：raise a familyvt.提高如：raise the rent 提高租金vt.举起如：raise your hands 举起手vt.提出如：raise a question 提出问题二、risevi.上升、升起；增加；上涨如：The pr
32、ice has risen.价格上涨了The level line has risen 水平线上升三、 arisevi. （问题、难题等）出现如：The question will arise if you do it like that.如果你那样做，会出现问题。The oppotunity will arise . 机会会出现的。vi.产生于，起因于常用于搭配arise from如：The accidents arise from carelessness.事故起因于粗心大意。vi.起身arise to do 起身做某事如：He arose to greet her. 他起身迎接她。vi.
33、上升（多指无形的东西，如难度等）25. Cross/ across 区别 Cross 是及物动词，across 是介词Cross=go across 穿过Be careful when you cross the street.= Be careful when you go across the street.过街的时候小心点！26. across/through 区别首先两个都是介词，区别如下：across表示“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨” 例：I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我横渡了长江。 Look left and
34、right before you go across the street. 过马路时要左右看。而through为在立体空间中的“穿过”。如：go through the forest“穿过森林”，go across the street “穿过大街” 例The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。 He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅 27. more beautiful/ much better区别 More + 形容词原形 eg. More expensive 更昂贵. An apartment is more expe
35、nsive than a car in Beijing. Much+形容词比较级 Green is much stronger than Curry！附：不规则形容词的比较级和最高级变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的)/well(健康的） better best bad (坏的)/ill(有病的) worse worst old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 28. Much t
36、oo / too much 区别1、 too much = much“太多，过多”用做形容词或代词，可以修饰不可数名词或用来代替不可数名词。 例：There was too much noise in the next door.隔壁太吵！ You shouldnt have eaten too much. 你本不该吃太多！（实际吃了）too much也可以放在某些动词之后，做状语，表示程度，这些词有：work，talk，walk，thank等。 例：She does talk too much, doesnt she? 2、much too = too “实在，太”用来修饰形容词或副词，其实
37、too就是用来修饰形容词或副词，在它前面加上much则更能表示程度“太”。 例：The dress is much too long for me. 这件礼服太长了。 The problem is much too difficult for us to solve. 29. 情态动词 + have done（表示针对过去的动作）should have done表示本应做而没做（表责备）could have done表示本可以做而没做（表遗憾）must have done表示对过去事实的肯定判断,语气较重,即很肯定（表猜测）might have done=may have done对过去事实的
38、猜测,语气较轻（表猜测）neednt have done 表示本没有必要做某事，但是做了（画蛇添足）could not have done 表示不可能做了某事eg.1. You should have swept the floor.你本该扫地而没扫.（含责备语气）2.She could have done better.她本来可以做得更好的.（而实际上做得不够好，含惋惜语气）3.It must have rained yesterday.昨儿个一定下雨了.(看到外面有很明显的下过雨的痕迹时说)4.He might have had a fever.他可能发烧了吧.（人没来,而谁也不知道原因,
39、就随便猜猜）5. You neednt have helped him. He didnt deserve it.你没必要帮他的，他是白眼狼！6. She couldnt have stolen my wallet. 她不可能拿了我的钱包。30. 强调句 强调句基本句型：It is/ was+ 被强调部分+ 其他部分陈述句： I met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.分别强调主语，宾语，地点状语和时间状语It was I who/that met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning
40、.It was Tailor Swift who/that I met in New York last Sunday morning.It was in New York that I met Tailor Swift last Sunday morning.It was last Sunday morning that I met Tailor Swift in New York.谓语动词的强调。假如想强调谓语动词，则在动词前面加上助动词I did meet Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.I do hope you can do
41、it for me.I do believe that we can manage it ourselves. 我相信我们自己可以搞定。31. used to do/ be used to do/ be used to doing 区别.Used to do 表过去常常做某事，可以强调动作也可以强调状态 eg：He used to go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.= He would go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.年轻时下班后他常光顾那个咖啡店。He
42、 used to be my Chinese teacher.他曾经是我的老师。（强调状态）.be used to do 表示被用来做某事Cotton can be used to make clothes.棉花可以拿来做衣服.Be/get used to doing 习惯于做.I find it difficult to get used to school life.I find it difficult to get used to getting up before seven.七点之前起床真要命。32. 数字的读法 基数词 （百位和十位之间用 and 连接）45：forty-five
43、325：three hundred and twenty-five22222：twenty-two thousand，two hundred and twenty-two. 序数词第一 first 第二second 第三 thirdApril 8th April 21st April22nd April23rd . 分数和百分数三分之一：one third 五分之一： one fifth三分之二：two thirds 五分之二： two fifths30%： thirty percent 100%： one hundred percent. 房间号，航班号和电话号码Room304： room
44、three o fourFlight HU 7048：flight HU seven o four eight27285505：two seven two eight double-five o five33. run out， run out of 和 use up的区别 都是表示花光，用光。但是：Run out 是不及物动词 My money has run out.run out of = use up 是及物动词，有被动语态。I have run out of my money.= I have used up my money.= My money has been run out of.= My money has been used up.34. After，before既可以作介词也可以作连词What do you usually do after work/school?After looking at the toy for a minute, she decided to buy it.She turned on the TV after she finished her work.We are supposed to gather at the school gate bef
